CSC-UNIT-1-INTRODUCTION TO CLIENT SERVER COMPUTING.pptx

PRESENTED BY MRS. C. KALPANA / AP / CSE
Client/Server
Computing
(u20cse828)
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

syllabus
Introduction to client/server computing-What is client/server
computing-Benefits of client/server computing-Evolution of C/S
computing-Hardware Trends-Software Trends-Evolution of
operating systems- Networking (N/W) trends-Business
considerations.

Introduction

What is client/server computing?
A CLIENT/SERVER SYSTEM IS A
NETWORKED COMPUTING MODEL THAT
DISTRIBUTES PROCESSES BETWEEN CLIENTS AND
SERVERS, WHICH SUPPLY THE REQUESTED SERVICE
A SIMPLE DEFINITION OF CS IS
“ SERVER SOFTWARE ACCEPTS REQUESTS FOR
DATA FROM CLIENT SOFTWARE AND RETURNS
THE RESULTS TO THE CLIENT”

Elements of C-S Computing
Network
Request
Result
A client, a server, and network
Client Server
Client machine
Server machine

Where Operations are Done
In CS Relationship “most of the application processing is done on a computer
(client side), which obtains application services (such as database services) from
another computer (server side) in a master slave configuration.
CS-Focus is on
In client-server computing major focus is on SOFTWARE

Application Tasks
User Interface
Presentation Logic
Application Logic
Data Requests & Results
Physical Data Management

Client - Server Model
Presentation Logic
Application Logic
DBMS
Client
Server
Network
K
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t
r
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k
e
Displays

True Client-Server Model
Presentation Logic
Client
Server
Network
K
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y
s
t
r
o
k
e
Processed
Results
Application Logic
DBMS

Client/server architecture
The client/Server architecture is based on hardware and software components that interacts to
form a system.
This system includes three main components:
Clients
Servers
Communication middleware

Client
The client is any computer process that requests services from the server.
The client is also known as the front-end application, reflecting the fact that
the end user usually interacts with the client process.

Server
The server is any computer process providing services to the clients.
The server is also known as the back-end application, reflecting the fact that the server process
provides the background services for the client process.

Communication middleware
It is any computer process through which clients and servers communicate.
The communication middleware, also known as middleware or the communications layers, is
made up of several layers of software that aid the transmission of data and control information
between clients and servers

How components interact ?

Client/server database
Client/server systems change the way in which we approach data processing. Data may be
stored in one site or in multiple sites.

Characteristics of Client Server Computing
 The client server computing works with a system of request and response. The client sends a
request to the server and the server responds with the desired information.
 The client and server should follow a common communication protocol so they can easily interact
with each other. All the communication protocols are available at the application layer.
 A server can only accommodate a limited number of client requests at a time. So it uses a system
based to priority to respond to the requests.
 Denial-of-service attacks hinder servers’ ability to respond to authentic client requests by
inundating them with false requests.
 An example of a client server computing system is a web server. It returns the web pages to the clients
that requested them.

Advantages of Client Server Computing
 All the required data is concentrated in a single place i.e. the server. So, it is easy to
protect the data and provide authorization and authentication.
 The server need not be located physically close to the clients. Yet the data can be accessed
efficiently.
 It is easy to replace, upgrade or relocate the nodes in the client server model because all
the nodes are independent and request data only from the server.
 All the nodes i.e clients and server may not be built on similar platforms yet they can
easily facilitate the transfer of data.

Disadvantages of Client Server Computing
 The different disadvantages of client server computing are −
 If all the clients simultaneously request data from the server, it may get overloaded. This
may lead to congestion in the network.
 If the server fails for any reason, then none of the requests of the clients can be fulfilled.
This leads of failure of the client server network.
 The cost of setting and maintaining a client server model are quite high.

Benefits of Client /Server Computing
1. Centralization
2. Security
3. Scalability
4. Management
5. Accessibility

Types of C/S Computing
Types of clients include:
 Laptops
 Smartphones
 Tablets
 Desktop computers
 Chat applications
Types of servers include:
 File servers
 Mail servers
 Web servers
 Cloud servers

Types of client-server computing
 One-tier: A one-tier server uses a single device to run a program. Because a one-tier server doesn't require access to a
network, it can help eliminate network traffic.
 Two-tier: These server systems include a client, server and program, and they also store the graphical user interface (GUI) on
the client's device, while keeping the domain logic on a server. This type of server uses complex coding languages like Java or
C++ to display the GUI.
 Three-tier: Three-tier servers combine a presentation tier or user interface layer, an application tier that acts as a service
layer performing detailed processing and a data tier made up of a database server storing information.
 N-tier: An N-tier server comprises different layers that separate responsibilities and manage dependencies or physical tiers
running on different machines that enhance the scalability of a system. N-tier servers can be open-layer programming, where
layers can communicate freely, or closed-layer when one layer communicates only with the layer below.

Types of servers
 Database servers: A database server is typically used for programs containing highly structured
data, like marketing spreadsheets or accounting files.
 Application servers: These servers help users access internet applications without downloading a
copy to their device.
 Web servers: These servers exist to facilitate client access to the internet.
 Computing servers: A computing server provides additional space and power beyond the capabilities
of a typical device

Classifications of clients
 Thin clients: A thin client needs the resources and processing power from a server to perform many of
a device's main functions.
 Thick clients: Devices that can process large amounts of data and handle multiple functions without
the help of a server are considered thick clients.
 Hybrid clients: These devices can process data within their systems but rely on a server to store
data used for larger or repeated processing tasks.

Web technologies are built to use client-server
 Domain name systems
 Telnet
 Hypertext transfer protocol
 Simple mail transfer protocol

Distributed Client-Server Model
Client
Server
Network
P
r
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c
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d
Q
u
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i
e
s
Processed
Results
Application Logic
DBMS
Application Logic
Presentation Logic

Client-server computing is distributed access,
not a distributed computing.

Categories of Servers
File Server
Data Server
Compute Server
Database Server
Communication Server
Video Server

File Server
 File Servers manage a work group’s application and data files, so that
they may be shared by the group.
 Very I/O oriented
 Pull large amount of data off the storage subsystem and pass the data
over the network
 Requires many slots for network connections and a large-capacity,
fast hard disk subsystem.

Compute Server
 Performs Application logic processing
 Compute Servers requires
◦ processors with high performance
capabilities
◦ large amounts of memory
◦ relatively low disk subsystems
 By separating data from the computation processing, the compute server’s
processing capabilities can be optimized

Cluster as Compute Server

Data Server
 Data-oriented; used only for data storage and
management
 Since a data server can serve more than one
compute server, compute-intensive applications
can be spread among multiple severs
 Does not prefer any application logic processing
 Performs processes such as data validation,
required as part of the data management
function.
 Requires fast processor, large amount of memory
and substantial Hard disk capacity.
Data
Server
Compute
Server

Cluster as High Availablity Data Server
Data
Server
Compute
Server

Database Server
 Most typical use of technology in client-server
 Accepts requests for data, retrieves the data from
its database(or requests data from another
node)and passes the results back.
 Compute server with data server provides the same
functionality.
 The server requirement depends on the size of
database, speed with which the database must be
updated, number of users and type of network used.

Communication Server
 Provides gateway to other LANs, networks &
Computers
 E-mail Server & internet server
 Modest system requirements
 multiple slots
 fast processor to translate networking protocols

Internet Server

Evolution / Generations of Operating System

THANK YOU

Client /server development tools
GUI-based development
A GUI builder that supports multiple interfaces
Object-oriented development with support for code reusability
Data dictionary with a central repository for data and applications
Support for multiple databases

Client /server development tools
Team development support
Support for third-party development tools
Prototyping and rapid application development (RAD) capabilities

CSC-UNIT-1-INTRODUCTION TO CLIENT SERVER COMPUTING.pptx

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