Fidel Castro overthrew the corrupt dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 and installed a communist government in Cuba. He nationalized private property, collectivized farms, increased education and healthcare, but also eliminated elections and disregarded human rights. This alienated the middle class. The U.S. tried to overthrow Castro through the failed Bay of Pigs invasion and imposed an embargo, further impoverishing Cuba. Castro's reforms changed Cuba from a country ruled by a dictator to a communist state with universal healthcare and education but no political freedom or democratic elections.