Cult anth lecture migration
- 1. Migration
- 2. Migration: What Is It? • Migration is –The movement of a person or people from one place to another • Multiple causes • Multiple consequences
- 3. Anthropological Study of Migration • A challenge to traditional anthropological work • Multi-sited research often necessary • Macro-micro factors – Local versus global issues • Categories of migration – Based on geography – Based on reason(s) for moving
- 4. Categories of Migration Based on Spatial Boundaries • Internal migration • International migration • Transnational migration
- 5. Internal Migration • Rural-to-urban is the dominant form • Push-pull theory: – little opportunity at home in rural sector – perceived quality-of-life factors, “rational choice” that more options exist in the city – concepts of where a better life can be achieved
- 6. International Migration • Growing since 1945 • Work-related reasons important for voluntary migrants • Increasing involuntary international migrants – E.g. refugees from political violence, trafficked persons • Major political issue among nations receiving refugees
- 7. Transnational Migration • Where a person regularly moves back and forth between two or more countries • Often motivated by economic factors • Importance of remittances: money sent back to home country
- 8. Categories of Migration Based on Reason for Moving • Labor migrants • Displaced persons • Institutional migrants
- 9. Labor Migrants • Wage labor migration – Work period brief, no permanent residence • Entrepreneurial migration – Migrants moving to set up businesses and trade – Has been occurring for centuries • Professional migration – Highly trained immigrants seeking jobs in more developed countries – “Brain drains” in less developed countries
- 10. Displaced Persons or Involuntary Migrants • Refugees: largest group of migrants worldwide • Internally displaced persons (IDPs)
- 11. Refugees • A large/growing category of displaced persons • International displacement • Roughly one of every 500 people in the world • Majority are women/children • Causes: war, conflict, climate change • Major political issue
- 12. Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) • Fastest-growing category of displaced people • Over 20 million people today • Africa has the most IDPs • Causes: – Political violence – Development projects (Development Induced Displacement or DIDs) such as dams, roads, other public works
- 13. Institutional Migrants • People who move into a social institution – Voluntary: e.g. going away to school, joining the military – Involuntary: e.g. going to jail, moving into a retirement home – Both have issues of adjustment to the new cultural system
- 14. Environment and Migration • Global environmental issues: – Climate change • Politically contested, scientifically accepted – Indigenous, small-scale, marginalized societies often the first to suffer consequences • Rising sea levels in Kiribati, Island in Pacific; island nation literally disappearing • Glacier melt in Bolivia: source of water for indigenous communities disappearing – Migration is the cost of climate change in many places worldwide, will only grow