Cyborgs-The next generation human-robotic devices

Contents
1. What is a Cyborg?
2. Brief Introduction
3. History
4. Cyborg model and structure
5. Science Fiction movie examples of Cyborgs
6. Real world examples of Cyborgs
7. Applications
8. Conclusion
9. References

WHAT IS A CYBORG?
cyborg
ˈsʌɪbɔːɡ/
noun
a person whose physical abilities are extended beyond normal human limitations by mechanical elements
built into the body.
In other terms,
A Cyborg is a cybernetic organism, part human part machine; it thrives on the inputs both from the living senses and
from the machine interface, which acts as an enhancement module.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION
 One thing makes today's cyborg fundamentally different from its mechanical ancestors - Information. Cyborgs are information
machines.
 Cyborg intelligence is dedicated to integrating AI with biological intelligence by tightly connecting machines and biological
beings, for example, via brain-machine interfaces (BMIs).
 BMI’s operate at the nexus of thought and action, exploiting the brain’s electrical signals to maneuver external machine
actuators and feeding the machine-coded neural information back to the brain to regulate the brain’s behaviors.

HISTORY
1950 1953 1958 1960
Worlds first cyborg
A rat, fitted with a tiny osmotic
pump in Rockland State Hospital,
NY,USA
Heart Pacemaker
A 43-year-old man received the
first heart pacemaker implant
Heart Lung Machine
A heart-lung machine was used to
control the blood circulation of an
18-year-old girl during an operation
Insulin Drips
Insulin drips had been used to
regulate the metabolisms of
diabetics
First Coined
The term “cyborg” was first coined
by NASA scientists, Nathan Kline
and Manfred Clynes in 1960.

ROBOTS vs. CYBORG’S
• A robot doesn't necessarily have to resemble a
human.
• It can be in the shape of a dog, or one of those
giant arms in a car factory.
•Cyborgs are beings that are part mechanical and part organic.
•It can be anyone whose body relies on a form of machinery in
order to survive - such as a pacemaker or an insulin pump - to be
a cyborg.

Cognitive Science
Information Technology
Nanotechnology
Netherlands Bio-Informatics Center (NBIC)
introduced tetrahedron shown in figure below in the
exploratory research on human performance
represented through:
CYBORG MODEL AND STRUCTURE
Bio Technology

Synergy between humans and cyborgs:
The figure shows how humans and cyborg devices can interact converting different signals.
INTERACTION IN A NUTSHELL

• Models administered through complex data management
influence the analytics on the human performance due to
the fact that the investigation on the human actions is
incredibly complex.
• These include conceptual, statistics based predictive
models, predictive models based on cause and effect, and
data models shown in figure below.
MODELS

APPLICATIONS
In Body modifications:
As medical technology
becomes more advanced,
some techniques and
innovations are adopted
by the body modification
community. Machines
can be created to
replace missing or
disabled body parts.
In the Space:
Sending humans to space is a dangerous task in
which the implementation of various cyborg
technologies could be used in the future for risk
mitigation. Cyborgs can be sent into space which
can be controlled by human brains at the base
station.
In the military:
Military organizations' research has recently
focused on the utilization of cyborg animals
or humans for the purposes of a supposed
tactical advantage. The cyborgs can be used
to develop advanced body armors, detect
explosives etc.
In medicine:
In medicine, there are two
important and different
types of cyborgs: the
Restorative and the
Enhanced. Restorative
technologies "restore lost
function, organs, and
limbs“ and the Enhanced
cyborg intends to exceed
normal processes or even
gain new functions that
were not originally present.

DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
• Long life of the mechanical parts, compared to biological parts.
• Gives a part of the body back
• Improves the quality of life
• Expensive
• Cyborg have no problem thinking of the world around
them in wider dimensions (multiple) where as
human beings are more restricted in that sense.

SCI-FI MOVIE EXAMPLES OF CYBORGS
TERMINATOR IRON MANROBOCOP THE DARK KNIGHT

REAL WORLD EXAMPLES OF CYBORGS
NIGEL ACKLAND JENS NAUMANN NIEL HARBISSON STEPHEN HAWKING
After losing part of his arm during an
accident at work, Nigel Ackland got an
upgrade.
His incredibly advanced robotic prosthetic
hand might be the closest thing to “The
Terminator” that exists today.
After a pair of horrific accidents, Jens
Naumann was struck blind in both
eyes.
That dream became a reality when,
in 2002, Naumann became the first
person in the world to receive an
artificial vision system.
His electronic eye is connected
directly to his visual cortex through
brain implants.
Although artist Neil Harbisson was
born with achromatopsia, or extreme
colorblindness he is now capable of
experiencing colors beyond the
scope of normal human perception.
Harbisson is equipped with a
specialized electronic eye, or
eyeborg, which renders perceived
colors as sounds on the musical
scale. .
Hawking has a rare early-onset slow-
progressing form of amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor
neurone disease or Lou Gehrig's disease,
that has gradually paralysed him over the
decades.
He is equipped with a machine which
communicates with movements of his
cheek muscles.
.

VIDEO DEMONSTRATION
NIGEL ACKLAND HUGH HERR

• Cybernetics does hold a promise of taking human existence to a very different plane of consciousness.
• Cybernetics is a new domain of engineering and is moving forward at a fast pace where engineers are working on building
better and safer cyborg technologies.
• Cyborgs are being integrated in medical and military field are proving to be extremely helpful for the disabled.
• We are eventually moving towards a faster, better and a greener future.
CONCLUSION

[1] Norbert Wiener, Donna Haraway. Cybernetics and Society-A Literature Survey. Free Association Books: London, 1989.
[2] W. Ross Ashby. An Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman & Hall Ltd.: London, 1999.
[3] Cheng Hsu. Cyborg Intelligence-Brain Machine Interfaces(BMI),Neuromorphic Computing. World Scientific Publishing:
Singapore, 2009, pp.75–116.
[4] N Katherine Hayles. How We Become Posthuman – Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. The
University of Chicago Press: Chicago, 1999, pp. 247-256.
[5] Manfred E. Clynes and Nathan S. Kline. Cyborgs and Space. Astronautics, 1960.
REFERENCES

Cyborgs-The next generation human-robotic devices

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