Data measurement tools
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This document discusses different types of data and scales of measurement. It explains that there are two types of data: primary data collected directly from sources and secondary data gathered from existing resources. There are four scales of measurement: nominal data uses numbers for categorization only; ordinal data ranks objects numerically; interval data has equal distances between categories; and ratio data includes a true zero point and meaningful ratios. Examples are provided to illustrate the differences between each scale of measurement.
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Data measurement tools
- 2. Data. Data is a set of variables of qualitative or quantitative variables. Two types of data. Primary Data Secondary Data Primary Data. Which data you directly collect by going to the field. Secondary Data. Which data that you gather from published resources like articles , theories.
- 3. Data measurement The Process of applying numbers to objectives according to a set of rules . Four scales of measurement Nominal Data Ordinal Data Interval Level Ratio Level
- 4. Nominal Data Assign numbers to objects where numbers have no real meanings other differentiating between objects or give the name and category for each object. Example; Gender 1.Male 2.Female
- 5. Ordinal Data Assign numbers to objects like nominal but here the numbers have also meaningful order. It indicates rank or placement like 1,2,3… Example; Placed finished in a race 1st , 2nd ,3rd … 1st better than 2nd 2nd better 3rd
- 6. Interval level Numbers have order Like ordinal but there are also equal intervals between adjacent categories. Example; Temperature in degree Fahrenheit the difference between 70 degree and 71 (1 degree) is the same as the 45 and 46 degrees. 1 degree difference is the same at all point.
- 7. Ratio level Differences are meaningful like interval plus ratio are meaningful and there is a true zero point. Example; amount of money – zero money indicates the absence of money.