![Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB
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References
1. Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: https://connect.nccedu.com/NCCEdu/upload [Accessed 22
Apr. 2017].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/readydatabase-170429030336/85/Database-21-320.jpg)
Database
- 1. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 1 Table of Contents Task 1 – Design..........................................................................................................................................3 a) Produce an entity relationship model for the proposed database system for ..........................3 Synergy Exhibition Services. This should be a fully normalized model to 3rd .............................3 normal form.............................................................................................................................................3 b) Discuss how you have identified primary and foreign keys for your entity...............................3 relationship model. You could mention data integrity, referential integrity and ............................3 functional dependence in your discussion. ........................................................................................3 c) Produce a data dictionary for the entity relationship model showing all attributes, with data types and identifying primary and foreign keys. ................................................................................4 Task 2 – Data Entry and Data Manipulation ..........................................................................................7 a) Create all the tables using SQL. Show your create table scripts and the finished..................7 tables........................................................................................................................................................7 b) Enter data on all the exhibitions shown in the assignment. ......................................................11 c) Enter data for all the customers and associate them with exhibitions. Note that a customer might have more than one exhibition associated with them..........................................................12 d) Enter data on staff and exhibitions they are working at taken from the..................................13 assignment. Give a listing of this information. .................................................................................13 e) Write a query that selects all the exhibitions for the Travel Association of Great..................15 Britain.....................................................................................................................................................15 f) Write a query that selects the staff that work in software support. ...........................................15 g) Write a query that selects all the exhibition details for exhibitions at Olympia.......................15 h) Write a query that counts all the trade exhibitions. ....................................................................16 i) Write a query that shows the staff working at stamp exhibitions...............................................16 j) Update the item table so that Sharon Smith has changed jobs to Software ...........................16 Project Manager...................................................................................................................................16 k) Update the staff table so that Pauline West is now known as Pauline Yardley.....................17 l) Update the lesson title of the exhibition ‘Stampex’ to ‘Stampex 2017’.....................................18 m) Update any exhibitions that involve Sandy Niles so that now they have Diana ...................18 West assigned to them........................................................................................................................18 n) Delete the staff record for Sandy Niles. .......................................................................................19 Task 3 – Assessment ..........................................................................................................................19
- 2. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 2
- 3. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 3 Task 1 – Design a) Produce an entity relationship model for the proposed database system for Synergy Exhibition Services. This should be a fully normalized model to 3rd normal form. (NCC uploads) Normalization is removing repeating groups and making relation between the data. We must normalize any given data to make a reliable database. There are certain steps performed during normalization. Most used normal form are: 1NF, 2NF, 3NF. ER model is the pictorial representation of data which contains table and entities inside each and table are related to each other. The main components of ER model are entity set and relation set. I have used CROWS FEET to make ER diagram in Visual paradigm. The required ER model which is in 3rd normal form is: Screenshot: Fully normalized ER diagram b) Discuss how you have identified primary and foreign keys for your entity relationship model. You could mention data integrity, referential integrity and functional dependence in your discussion. (NCC uploads) Primary key: It is a column in a table which uniquely defines every entity of a table. It must not be null. It must be index and unique. From using primary key we can retrieve all the other data from the table. There is always one primary key in every table but cannot be more than one. To choose a primary key we look for all the column which can uniquely define other column and from those columns we select the suitable one, For example, in table Rupesh31_Exhibition there are two
- 4. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 4 possible primary key there Exhibition_id, Exhibition_name are the possible primary key because from these columns we can retrieve all the other data. But, Exhibition_name can occur twice in the table thus Exhibition_id is suitable for primary key. Foreign key: Foreign key is a column which relates a table to another. Usually primary key of one table becomes foreign key in another table. When we relate the table the table with many relation holds foreign key. Foreign key can be identified by looking relationship between two tables. The foreign key is formed in the table with many relation. For example, in three tables Rupesh31_Exhibition, Rupesh31_Customer, Rupesh31_Exhibition type, the relation between Rupesh31_Exhibition and Rupesh31_Customer the relation is many to one respectively. So, the foreign key is Rupesh31_Exhibition. In table Rupesh31_Exhibition and Rupesh31_Exhibition_type the relation is many to one respectively. So, foreign key lies in Rupesh31_Exhibition. To create foreign key, it must be primary key is previously created table. There can be one or more foreign keys in a single table. Data integrity: It means the precision and reliability of data. We should maintain the data integrity to guarantee recoverability and to relate data between each other. Relational integrity: This integrity is used to make relation between two tables. When we make foreign key in a table then it must be primary key in another table which must be created first. It also defines that the primary key and foreign of two related tables must be same. For example, in tables Rupesh31_Exhibition_type and Rupesh31_Exhibition Exhibition_type_id is primary key and foreign key in respected table. Here, we must create the table Rupesh31_Exhibition_type first then only we can create Rupesh31_Exhibition. Due to relational integrity, we cannot delete or update Exhibition_type_id in Rupesh31_Exhibition table. Hence, we maintained relational integrity while making primary key and foreign key. Functional dependency: The elements of a table are functionally dependent if one column of a table can define another column of table. In other words, it is constraints which describes relation between attributes. It is important to maintain functional dependency during normalization. Here, for Exhibition Summary Sheet Exhibition_id can define Exhibition_name, Exhibition_address and Exhibition_dates so one table is formed having Exhibition_id as primary key. Similarly, Customer_no defines customer_name and forms table with Customer_no as primary key and Exhibition_type_id defines Exhibition_type and forms another table with Exhibition_type_id as primary key. Hence, the functional dependency is maintaining and also helps to find out primary key. c) Produce a data dictionary for the entity relationship model showing all attributes, with data types and identifying primary and foreign keys. (NCC uploads) A place where metadata (data of data) is stored is data dictionary. This is mostly behind the scenes data. It defines the data type of any data. It also contains length, range, formatting and any other data about this data.
- 5. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 5 For table Rupesh31_Staff_roll DD for Rupesh31_Staff_roll For table Rupesh31_Customer DD for Rupesh31_Customer For table Rupesh31_Exhibition_type DD for Rupesh31_Exhibition_type For table Rupesh31_Exhibition DD for Rupesh31_Exhibition For table Rupesh31_Staff
- 6. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 6 DD for Rupesh31_Staff For table Rupesh31_Exhibition_Staff DD for Rupesh31_Exhibition_Staff For table Rupesh31_Software_type DD for Rupesh31_Software_type For table Rupesh31_Installation_type DD for Rupesh31_Installation_type
- 7. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 7 Task 2 – Data Entry and Data Manipulation a) Create all the tables using SQL. Show your create table scripts and the finished tables. (NCC uploads) • Creating all table To create Rupesh31_Staff_roll Create Rupesh31_Staff_roll To create Rupesh31_Customer Create Rupesh31_Customer To create Rupesh31_Exhibition_type Create Rupesh31_Exhibition_type To create Rupesh31_Exhibition
- 8. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 8 Create Rupesh31_Exhibition To create Rupesh31_Staff Create Rupesh31_Staff To create Rupesh31_Exhibition_Staff Create Rupesh31_Exhibition_Staff To create Rupesh31_Software_type Create Rupesh31_Software_type To create Rupesh31_Installation_type
- 9. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 9 Create Rupesh31_Installation_type • All created table Desc Rupesh31_Staff_roll Showing Rupesh31_Staff_roll created table Desc Rupesh31_Customer Showing Rupesh31_Customer created table Desc Rupesh31_Exhibition_type Showing Rupesh31_Exhibition_type created table Desc Rupesh31_Exhibition
- 10. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 10 Showing Rupesh31_Exhibition created table Desc Rupesh31_Staff Showing Rupesh31_Staff created table Desc Rupesh31_Exhibition_Staff Showing Rupesh31_Exhibition_Staff created table Desc Rupesh31_Software_type
- 11. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 11 Showing Rupesh31_Software_type created table Desc Rupesh31_Installation_type Showing Rupesh31_Installlation_type created table b) Enter data on all the exhibitions shown in the assignment. (NCC uploads) Entering data to table Rupesh31_Exhibition Entering data to table Rupesh31_Exhibition_type Data entered in table Rupesh31_Exhibition
- 12. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 12 Data entered in Rupesh31_Exhibition_type c) Enter data for all the customers and associate them with exhibitions. Note that a customer might have more than one exhibition associated with them. (NCC uploads) Entering data to Rupesh31_Customer Entering data to Rupesh31_Software_type
- 13. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 13 Entering data to Rupesh31_Installation_type Data entered in Rupesh31_Customer Data entered in Rupesh31_Software_type Data entered in Rupesh31_Installation_type d) Enter data on staff and exhibitions they are working at taken from the assignment. Give a listing of this information. (NCC uploads) Entering data to table Rupesh31_Staff
- 14. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 14 Entering data to Rupesh31_Exhibition_Staff Entering data to Rupesh31_Staff_roll Data entered in Rupesh31_Staff Data entered in Rupesh31_Exhibition_Staff Data entered in Rupesh31_Staff_roll
- 15. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 15 e) Write a query that selects all the exhibitions for the Travel Association of Great Britain. (NCC uploads) Query needed is: Screenshot: Query to select required data Result: Screenshot: data selected f) Write a query that selects the staff that work in software support. (NCC uploads) Query needed is: Screenshot: Query to select required data Result: Screenshot: data selected g) Write a query that selects all the exhibition details for exhibitions at Olympia. (NCC uploads) Query needed is:
- 16. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 16 Screenshot: Query to select required data Result: Screenshot: data selected h) Write a query that counts all the trade exhibitions. (NCC uploads) Query needed is: Screenshot: Query to count required data Result: Screenshot: data counted i) Write a query that shows the staff working at stamp exhibitions. (NCC uploads) Query needed is: Screenshot: Query to select required data Screenshot: selected data j) Update the item table so that Sharon Smith has changed jobs to Software Project Manager. (NCC uploads) Query needed is:
- 17. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 17 Screenshot: Query to update required data Updated table: select SR.Staff_roll,S.Staff_name from Rupesh31_Staff_roll SR , Rupesh31_Staff S where SR.Staff_roll_id=S.Staff_roll_id; Screenshot: updated table k) Update the staff table so that Pauline West is now known as Pauline Yardley. (NCC uploads) Query needed is: Screenshot: Query to update required data Updated table: select Staff_id,Staff_name from Rupesh31_Staff;
- 18. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 18 Screenshot: updated table l) Update the lesson title of the exhibition ‘Stampex’ to ‘Stampex 2017’. (NCC uploads) Query needed is: Screenshot: Query to delete required data Updated table: select Exhibition_id,Exhibition_name from Rupesh31_Exhibition; Screenshot: updated table m) Update any exhibitions that involve Sandy Niles so that now they have Diana West assigned to them. (NCC uploads) Query needed is: Screenshot: Query to update required data
- 19. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 19 Updated table: select o.Staff_id, o.Staff_name, b.Exhibition_name from Rupesh31_staff o, Rupesh31_exhibition_type et, Rupesh31_exhibition b, Rupesh31_exhibition_staff es where o.staff_id = es.staff_id and b.exhibition_type_id = et.exhibition_type_id and b.exhibition_id = es.exhibition_id and s.staff_name = 'Diana West'; Screenshot: updated table n) Delete the staff record for Sandy Niles. (NCC uploads) Query needed is: Screenshot : Query to delete required data. Table after deleting: select* from Rupesh31_staff; Screenshot: deleted table Task 3 – Assessment (NCC uploads) A company called Synergy Exhibition Services which provides facilities for putting on displays and demonstrations at exhibitions for promotions purposes. Public hires them to conduct exhibitions and a customer is provided with an exhibition only. This company has given me a job
- 20. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 20 to prepare a database which meets all the needs to its data. So, here I must design a database which can be useful and effective to this company. To make the database we should have good knowledge in Normalization, should know how make ER and then we should know to create table and insert values in tables using SQL. Understanding of requirements: First of all, we must understand all the essential components to carry out this task. Here, I must understand the scenario that I have been provided. Then, all the given tables given table should to normalized to 3rd normal form by removing functional dependency, partial dependency and non-keys dependency. This is compulsory to remove data replication and to maintain data integrity. The all the tables which are formed during normalization should be combine to form a relation by looking the relationship between those data. How the initial design attempted to meet the requirements: Here, I have collected all the ideas and I am about to make a suitable database. The given data is repeated and random. I must manage all the data properly and make different tables by the concept of normalization. Normalization helps us to remove repeating data separates functionally, partially dependent data. At last I have separated the non-keys values to make a separate table. Here I have separated those types of data and formed many tables. Then, I have related all the tables to each other by looking the data in the table. Also, I have made a ER diagram in Visual paradigm using CROWS FEET. These diagram gives us the clear relation between tables or data. Then, I have made data dictionary (table holding all the properties if entity). From dictionary, we can know the nature of data. I have created the tables Rupesh31_Staff_roll, Rupesh31_Customer, Rupesh31_Exhibition_type, Rupesh31_Exhibition, Rupesh31_Staff, Rupesh31_Exhibition_Satff, Rupesh31_Software_type, Rupesh31_Installation_type and inserted the all the data we are provided with. Then I have selected and update some data. Here, my work is finished. Since, this my first time to design a database I had tried my best for its completion. But there can be some errors. Conclusion: By the process of normalization and making ER diagrams I could make an excellent data base to the company. I could remove all the replication of data. From the database, I have made we can easily retrieve, modify data. Here I have made relation between data. The work to make a data base for Synergy Exhibition Services company is completed. Therefore, from this task we can conclude that we can make data base for any one by using Normalization process, making ER diagram and implementing it in SQL developer.
- 21. Rupesh Chaulagain 160409 DB 21 References 1. Anon, (2017). [online] Available at: https://connect.nccedu.com/NCCEdu/upload [Accessed 22 Apr. 2017].