Database administration
- 2. Database Administration Role of the database administrator (DBA): plan, design, create, operate, secure, monitor, and maintain databases DBA works with both users and programmers A data administrator is responsible for defining and implementing consistent principles for a variety of data issues, including setting data standards and data definitions; a nontechnical position OrganizingData&Information 2
- 3. Popular Database Management Systems Popular DBMSs for end users include Microsoft’s Access and FileMaker Pro Complete database management software market includes: Software for professional programmers Databases for midrange, mainframe, and supercomputers Examples of open-source database systems: PostgreSQL and MySQL Many traditional database programs are now available on open-source operating systems OrganizingData&Information 3
- 4. Special-Purpose Database Systems Some specialized database packages are used for specific purposes or in specific industries Israeli Holocaust Database (www.yadvashem.org) Hazmat database Art and Antique Organizer Deluxe Special-purpose database by Tableau can be used to store and process visual images OrganizingData&Information 4
- 5. Selecting a Database Management System Important characteristics of databases to consider Database size Database cost Concurrent users Performance Integration Vendor OrganizingData&Information 5
- 6. Using Databases with Other Software DBMSs can act as front-end or back-end applications Front-end applications interact directly with people or users Back-end applications interact with other programs or applications OrganizingData&Information 6
- 7. Database Applications Today’s database applications manipulate the content of a database to produce useful information Common manipulations are searching, filtering, synthesizing, and assimilating the data contained in a database using a number of database applications OrganizingData&Information 7
- 8. Linking Databases to the Internet Linking databases to the Internet is important for many organizations and people Semantic Web Developing a seamless integration of traditional databases with the Internet Allows people to access and manipulate a number of traditional databases at the same time through the Internet OrganizingData&Information 8
- 9. Data Warehouses, Data Marts, and Data Mining Data warehouse: database that collects business information from many sources in the enterprise, covering all aspects of the company’s processes, products, and customers Data mart: subset of a data warehouse Data mining: information-analysis tool that involves the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse OrganizingData&Information 9
- 10. Data Warehouses, Data Marts, and Data Mining (continued) Organizing Data & Information 10 Figure 17: Elements of a Data Warehouse
- 11. Data Warehouses, Data Marts, and Data Mining (continued) Organizing Data & Information 11 Table 8: Common Data-Mining Applications
- 12. Business Intelligence Business intelligence (BI): process of gathering enough of the right information in a timely manner and usable form and analyzing it to have a positive impact on business strategy, tactics, or operations Turns data into useful information that is then distributed throughout an enterprise OrganizingData&Information 12
- 13. Business Intelligence (continued) Competitive intelligence: aspect of business intelligence limited to information about competitors and the ways that knowledge affects strategy, tactics, and operations Counterintelligence: steps an organization takes to protect information sought by “hostile” intelligence gatherers OrganizingData&Information 13
- 14. Distributed Databases Distributed database Database in which the data may be spread across several smaller databases connected via telecommunications devices Gives corporations more flexibility in how databases are organized and used Replicated database Database that holds a duplicate set of frequently used data OrganizingData&Information 14
- 15. Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) Software that allows users to explore data from a number of different perspectives OrganizingData&Information 15
- 16. Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) (continued) OrganizingData&Information 16 Table 9: Comparison of OLAP and Data Mining
- 17. Object-Oriented and Object- Relational Database Management Systems Object-oriented database: database that stores both data and its processing instructions Method: procedure or action Message: request to execute or run a method OrganizingData&Information 17 Object Oriented Databases
- 18. Object-Oriented and Object- Relational Database Management Systems (continued) Object-oriented database management system (OODBMS): group of programs that manipulate an object-oriented database and provide a user interface and connections to other application programs Object-relational database management system (ORDBMS): DBMS capable of manipulating audio video, and graphical data OrganizingData&Information 18 Object Oriented Databases (continued)
- 19. Visual, Audio, and Other Database Systems Databases for storing images Databases for storing sound Virtual database systems: allow different databases to work together as a unified database system Other special-purpose database systems Spatial data technology: stores and accesses data according to the locations it describes and permits spatial queries and analysis OrganizingData&Information 19
- 20. Summary Database: a collection of integrated and related files Hierarchy of data: bits, characters, fields, records, files, and databases Key: a field or set of fields in a record that is used to identify the record Database approach to data management: a pool of related data is shared by multiple application programs Data model: diagram of entities and relationships OrganizingData&Information 20
- 21. Summary (continued) Relational model: describes data in which all elements are placed in two-dimensional tables called relations Database management system (DBMS): group of programs used as an interface between a database and application programs or a database and the user Role of the database administrator (DBA): plan, design, create, operate, secure, monitor, and maintain databases OrganizingData&Information 21
- 22. Summary (continued) Data warehouse: database that collects business information from all aspects of a company’s processes, products, and customers Data mining: information-analysis tool for the automated discovery of patterns and relationships in a data warehouse Object-oriented database: database that stores both data and its processing instructions OrganizingData&Information 22