Day3_Linux_Hacking_Detailed.pptx for IT std
- 1. Hacker’s OS – Mastering Linux for Security Day 3: Linux Essentials & Hacking Lab Setup Become comfortable using Linux as your primary hacking platform.
- 2. What is Linux? Linux is a free, open-source operating system used widely in cybersecurity. Distros: Kali, Ubuntu, Parrot OS. Key Traits: Lightweight, customizable, terminal-based power.
- 3. Linux vs Windows for Hackers Linux: Open-source, better control, scripting, tools like Nmap, Wireshark preinstalled. Windows: GUI-heavy, less flexibility for deep system control.
- 4. Why Do Hackers Prefer Linux? • Strong community and documentation • Security-centric distros like Kali • Control over networking and permissions • Scripting and automation potential
- 5. Kali Linux Overview Kali is a Debian- based Linux distro built for penetration testing. Includes pre- installed tools: Nmap, Metasploit, Wireshark, Burp Suite. Used by ethical hackers globally.
- 6. File System Hierarchy / (ROOT) /BIN – ESSENTIAL BINARIES /ETC – CONFIG FILES /HOME – USER FOLDERS /VAR – LOGS AND VARIABLE DATA UNDERSTANDING STRUCTURE IS KEY FOR FILE ACCESS.
- 7. Navigating the File System `cd`, `ls`, `pwd`, `tree` Example: cd /home/user ls -l pwd shows current directory →
- 8. File Management Commands `cp` – copy `mv` – move/rename `rm` – delete `touch` – create file `nano` – edit file
- 9. Viewing File Content `cat` – view file `less` – scrollable view `head`/`tail` – show beginning/end Use for analyzing logs or script output.
- 10. Searching Files `grep` – search within files `find` – locate by path/name/type `locate` – quick filename search via database
- 11. File Permissions Explained r = read, w = write, x = execute Example: rwxr-xr-- Owner/User/Other Use `ls -l` to view permissions.
- 12. Changing Permissions `chmod` – change file mode `chown` – change file ownership Example: chmod +x script.sh chown user:user file.txt
- 13. User and Group Management `adduser`, `deluser`, `passwd`, `su`, `sudo` Use `sudo` for root privileges. Groups control access rights.
- 14. Understanding Root Access Root = highest privilege user 1 Use cautiously. 2 Always prefer `sudo` over direct root login for safety. 3
- 15. Virtualization – Why VMs? • Safe hacking practice • Easy to reset system state • Tools: VMware, VirtualBox • Isolated environment for attacks
- 16. Creating Your Hacking Lab 1 🔹 Install VMware or VirtualBox 2 🔹 Download Kali Linux ISO 3 🔹 Set RAM (2-4 GB) & disk space (20+ GB) 4 🔹 Configure network (NAT or Bridged) 5 🔹 Optional: Add target machines like Metasploita ble
- 17. Installing Kali Linux Steps: 1. Download ISO 2. Create VM 3. Allocate RAM & Storage 4. Boot and Install 5. Configure User & Update
- 18. System Updates `sudo apt update` `sudo apt upgrade` Ensure latest packages and security patches are installed.
- 19. Network Setup in VMs MODES: • BRIDGED – VM ACTS LIKE REAL DEVICE • NAT – SHARES HOST IP • HOST-ONLY – ISOLATED FROM INTERNET
- 20. Installing Tools – Nmap `sudo apt install nmap` Used for port scanning and network discovery.
- 21. Installing Tools – Wireshark `sudo apt install wireshark` Captures and analyzes network traffic. Must run with elevated privileges.
- 22. More Tools to Install `SUDO APT INSTALL NET-TOOLS NIKTO HYDRA` NET-TOOLS: NETWORKING COMMANDS NIKTO: WEB SERVER SCANNER HYDRA: BRUTE- FORCE LOGIN TOOL
- 23. Keeping Tools Updated `sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade` Set regular update schedule Prevents tool failure due to outdated dependencies.
- 24. Introduction to Bash Scripting Used to automate tasks Written in `.sh` files Execute with: `bash script.sh` or `./script.sh`
- 25. Writing a Simple Script Example: #!/bin/ bash apt update && apt upgrade -y Script runs system update
- 26. Command Chaining `&&` – run second command only if first succeeds `||` – run second if first fails `;` – run all regardless of result
- 27. Looping and Conditions Use `for`, `while`, and `if` statements 1 Automate scans or backups 2 Example: `for ip in ...; do nmap $ip; done` 3
- 28. Making Scripts Executable `chmod +x script.sh` Allows script to be run with `./script.sh`
- 29. Practice Task: System Update Script CREATE A SCRIPT TO: • UPDATE SYSTEM • PRINT DATE/TIME OF UPDATE • LOG RESULTS TO A FILE
- 30. Summary & Learning Outcome You now: • Understand Linux structure • Can navigate, modify files • Set up Kali Linux • Install and use hacking tools • Write and execute Bash scripts
- 31. What’s Next? Prepare for Day 4: Reconnaissance & Scanning Install tools: WHOIS, nslookup, Nmap Review Bash scripting Practice using commands learned today
Editor's Notes
- #16: Encourage students to set this up at home and explore. Mention online labs as alternatives (TryHackMe, HackTheBox).