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- 1. Foundations of Business Foundations of Business Intelligence: Intelligence: Databases and Databases and Information Management Information Management Chapter 6 FARJANA YEASMIN Lecturer Daffodil International University
- 2. 6.2 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence • Bit • Byte • Field • Record • File • Database Data Hierarchy
- 3. 6.3 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence Data Hierarchy
- 4. 6.4 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence • Database – Serves many applications by centralizing data and controlling redundant data • Database management system (DBMS) – Interfaces between applications and physical data files – Separates logical and physical views of data – Solves problems of traditional file environment • Controls redundancy • Eliminates inconsistency • Uncouples programs and data • Enables organization to central manage data and data security The Database Approach to Data Management
- 5. 6.5 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence A single human resources database provides many different views of data, depending on the information requirements of the user. Illustrated here are two possible views, one of interest to a benefits specialist and one of interest to a member of the company’s payroll department. FIGURE 6-3 HUMAN RESOURCES DATABASE WITH MULTIPLE VIEWS
- 6. 6.6 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence • Relational DBMS – Represent data as two-dimensional tables – Each table contains data on entity and attributes • Table: grid of columns and rows – Rows (tuples): Records for different entities – Fields (columns): Represents attribute for entity – Key field: Field used to uniquely identify each record – Primary key: Field in table used for key fields – Foreign key: Primary key used in second table as look-up field to identify records from original table The Database Approach to Data Management
- 7. 6.7 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence A relational database organizes data in the form of two- dimensional tables. Illustrated here are tables for the entities SUPPLIER and PART showing how they represent each entity and its attributes. Supplier Number is a primary key for the SUPPLIER table and a foreign key for the PART table. FIGURE 6-4 Relational Database Tables
- 8. 6.8 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence • Operations of a Relational DBMS – Three basic operations used to develop useful sets of data • SELECT: Creates subset of data of all records that meet stated criteria • JOIN: Combines relational tables to provide user with more information than available in individual tables • PROJECT: Creates subset of columns in table, creating tables with only the information specified The Database Approach to Data Management
- 9. 6.9 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence • Hierarchical Model • Network Model • Relational Model • Object Oriented Model File Organization Methods
- 10. 6.10 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence E-R Model
- 11. 6.11 Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Management Information Systems Chapter 6: Foundations of Business Intelligence Any Question ?? Thank You
Editor's Notes
- #4: This slide defines and describes databases and DBMS. Ask students to explain what the difference is between a database and a DBMS. What is the physical view of data? What is the logical view of data?
- #5: This graphic illustrates what is meant by providing different logical views of data. The orange rectangles represent two different views in an HR database, one for reviewing employee benefits, the other for accessing payroll records. The students can think of the green cylinder as the physical view, which shows how the data are actually organized and stored on the physical media. The physical data do not change, but a DBMS can create many different logical views to suit different needs of users.
- #6: This slide introduces the most common type of DBMS in use with PCs, servers, and mainframes today, the relational database. Ask students why these DBMS are called relational. Ask students for examples of RDBMS software popular today and if they have every used any of this software. You can walk students through an example database that you have prepared in Access or use one of the exercise data tables found at the end of the chapter. Identify rows, fields, and primary key.
- #7: The graphic on this slide illustrates two tables in a relational DBMS. Ask students what the entity on this slide and the next are. The key field in the Supplier table is the Supplier number. What is the purpose of the key field?
- #8: This slide describes how information is retrieved from a relational database. These operations (SELECT, JOIN, PROJECT) are like programming statements and are used by DBMS developers. For example, looking at the last two slides showing the Supplier and Parts table, you would use what kind of an operation to show the Parts records along with the appropriate supplier’s name? Access has wizards for these commands.
- #9: 1. Hierarchical Model: Data is organized in a tree-like structure with parent-child relationships. Each parent can have multiple children, but each child has only one parent. This model is efficient for representing hierarchical data like organizational charts. 2. Network Model: Similar to the hierarchical model but with more flexible relationships. Data is organized in a graph-like structure where each record can have multiple parent and child records. This model allows for more complex relationships but can be less intuitive than the hierarchical model. 3. Relational Model: Data is organized into tables, with each table consisting of rows (records) and columns (attributes). Relationships between tables are established using keys, such as primary keys and foreign keys. This model is widely used due to its simplicity, flexibility, and scalability. 4. Object-Oriented Model: Data is represented as objects, similar to how objects are represented in object-oriented programming. Objects can have attributes and methods, and relationships between objects are established through inheritance and association. This model is suitable for complex data structures and is often used in object-oriented databases.
- #10: https://www.du.ac.in/du/uploads/departments/Operational%20Research/24042020_E-R%20Model.pdf