Decision Making 1.ppt
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- 3. “Decision making is the process of making a choice between a numbers of options and committing to a future course of actions”. 3
- 4. There are 8 steps of Decision Making: Identification of problem• Identification of decision Criteria• Allocating weight to criteria• Develop alternatives• Analysis of Alternatives• Selection of alternatives• Implementation of the best alternatives• Evaluation of decision effectiveness 4
- 5. A problem is defined as a discrepancy between an existing and a desired state of affairs. Some cautions about problem identification include the following: ◦ 1.Make sure it’s a problem and not just a symptom of a problem. ◦ 2.Problem identification is subjective. ◦ 3.Discrepancies can be found by comparing current results with some standard. ◦ 4.Managers aren’t likely to characterize a discrepancy as a problem if they perceive that they don’t have the authority, information, or other resources needed to act on it. 5
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- 7. Decision criteria are factors that are Important (relevant) To Resolving the problem. A. Costs that will be incurred(investment required) B. Risk likely to be encountered( chance of failure) C. Outcomes that are desired (growth of the firm) 7
- 8. Decision criteria are not of equal importance: ◦ Assigning a weight to each item places the items in the correct priority order of their importance in the decision making. each possible solution must have features or cons and pros. A manager should score the criteria according to the need of the situation. 8
- 9. as manager it is advised you select a viable alternative that could also resolve the problem. At this point we are just listing not evaluating the alternatives. 9
- 10. Appraising each alternative strengths and weaknesses ◦ An alternative’s appraisal is based on its ability to resolve the issues identified in steps 2 and 3 10
- 11. Choosing the best alternative or the one that scored the highest total in step 5. 11
- 12. putting the decision into action by conveying into those affected and getting their commitment to it. 12
- 13. evaluating the outcome or result of the decision to see if the problem was resolved. If the problem still persists, the managers should re-assess the problem and start over again. 13