Decision making , problem solving skills- Akram Jabar Najim
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The document discusses the interrelated concepts of problem solving and decision making, emphasizing their importance for leaders and managers. It outlines a systematic approach to problem solving through specific steps such as identifying the problem, analyzing it, brainstorming solutions, and evaluating options. Additionally, it highlights the cognitive processes involved in decision making and the benefits of discussing problems with others to gain clarity.
Decision making , problem solving skills- Akram Jabar Najim
- 1. University of Baghdad Collage of Education / Ibn Rushed for Human Sciences Department of English M.A. Study Decision making and problem solving skills A Week Paper Submitted by: M.A Candidate : Akram Jabar Najim Methods Of Teaching English Supervisor by Asst. Prof. Dr. Elaf Riyadh Khalil 2020 H.A 1441 A.
- 2. What the meaning of Problem solving Problem solving is an analytical process used to identify the possible solutions to any situation at hand. Making decisions is a part of problem solving. It is a complex process and judgement calls or decisions will have to be made on the way. Decision making is a choice made by using one’s judgement. The art of making sound decisions is a particularly important skill for leaders and managers. You may need to make numerous decisions as part of the problem-solving process and of course leaders and managers will need to use their decision-making skills to determine which solution to pursue. They will also typically need to confirm and set into motion next steps to fix the problem. 1- Appreciate the Complexities Involved in Decision-Making & Problem Solving 2- Develop evidence to support views 3- Analyze situations carefully 4- Discuss subjects in an organized way 5- Predict the consequences of actions 6- Weigh alternatives 7- Generate and organize ideas 8- Form and apply concepts 9- Design systematic plans of action The Step of Problem-Solving 1-Specify the problem – a first step to solving a problem is to identify it as specifically as possible. It involves evaluating the present state and determining how it differs from the goal state. 2- Analyze the problem – analyzing the problem involves learning as much as you can about it. It may be necessary to look beyond the obvious, surface situation, to stretch your imagination and reach for more creative options. 3- Be flexible in your analysis, brainstorm about all possibilities and implications and research problems for which you lack complete information. Get help if you need to it. 4- Try to Formulate possible solutions by identify a wide range of possible solutions. 5- Be creative and try to think of all possible solutions, consider similar problems and how you have solved them 6- Try to evaluate possible solutions, weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each solution. Think through each solution and consider how, when, and where you could accomplish each. Consider both immediate and long-term results. Mapping your solutions can be helpful at this stage. 7- The last thing, Choose a solution, consider 3 factors: compatibility with your priorities, amount of risk and practicality is a keys to Problem Solving
- 3. Also, there are some process you can do it to provide your skills 1- Think aloud – problem solving is a cognitive, mental process . 2- Thinking aloud or talking yourself through the steps of problem solving is useful. Hearing yourself think can facilitate the process. 3- Allow time for ideas to "gel" or consolidate. If time permits, give yourself time for solutions to develop. Distance from a problem can allow you to clear your mind and get a new perspective. 4- Talk about the problem – describing the problem to someone else and talking about it can often make a problem become more clear and defined so that a new solution will surface. Decision making has much in common with problem solving. In problem solving you identify and evaluate solution paths; in decision making you make a similar discovery and evaluation of alternatives. The crux of decision making, then, is the careful identification and evaluation of alternatives. References Decision-making and Problem-solving - Cuesta College Www.cuesta.edu, think decisions