Decision support models in agriculture
- 1. Decision support system in Agriculture Dr.Basavarajaiah DM
- 2. Decision Support Systems (DSS) provide a framework for integrating database management systems, analytical models, and graphics, in order to improve decision-making process. Decision Support Systems(DSS) are "interactive computer based systems that help decision makers utilize data and models to solve unstructured problems" The decision support system concept was extended to the spatial context by integrating GIS and DSS into spatial decision support systems (SDSS) These tools improve the performance of decision makers while reducing the time and human resources required for analyzing complex decisions. Spatial Decision Support Systems (SDSS) deals with spatial dimension through digitized geo-referenced spatial databases. Agriculture is essentially a spatial phenomenon which is not independent of 1 location.
- 3. DSS with GIS tool can better organize and analyze spatial data, address the problems related to spatial and temporal variability of various natural resources on which the performance of agricultural systems depends
- 5. Characteristics and Capabilities 1. Ability to support in semi-structured and unstructured problems, including human judgment and computerized information. 2. Ability to support managers at all levels. 3. Ability to support individuals and groups. Ability to present knowledge on ad hoc basic in customized way. 4. Ability to select any desired subset of stored knowledge for presentation or derivation during problem solving. 5. Ability to support for interdependent or sequential decisions. 6. Ability to support intelligence, design, choice and implementation. 7. Ability to support variety of decision processes and styles. 8. Ability to support modelling and analysis. 9. Ability to support data access. Benefits must exceed cost. 10. Allow modification to suit needs of user & changing environment. Support quick decision-making using standalone, integration or web-based fashion DSSs having maximum number of these key characteristics and capabilities can be more useful and adoptable.
- 9. Major Fields of DSS
- 12. Spatial Decision Support Systems for National and Regional Policy Decisions
- 14. Spatial Decision Support Systems for Watershed Management
- 15. Spatial Decision Support System for Precision Farming Precision farming technology allows farmers to make informed economic decisions about input use, while reducing or avoiding long-term environmental degradation. Adoption of this technology requires accurate geographical maps showing physical and chemical properties and the tools to apply the inputs as per the spatial variability.
- 17. Introduction The Crop Calendar is a tool that provides timely information about seeds to promote local crop production. It contains information on planting, sowing and harvesting periods of locally adapted crops in specific agro-ecological zones. It also provides information on the sowing rates of seed and planting material and the main agricultural practices This tool supports farmers and agriculture extortionists across the world in taking appropriate decisions on crops and their sowing period, respecting the agro-ecological dimension. It also provides a solid base for emergency planning of the rehabilitation of farming systems after disasters.
- 23. Recommendation domain: Comprises Bijapur, Bagalkot, Gulbarga, Eastern parts of Belgaum, Linsugur of Raichur districts of Karnataka and Southern parts of Maharashtra
- 28. GEOGLAM GEOGLAM is the Group on Earth Observations Global Agricultural Monitoring Initiative. It was initially launched by the Group of Twenty (G20) Agriculture Ministers in June 2011, in Paris. The G20 Ministerial Declaration states that GEOGLAM "will strengthen global agricultural monitoring by improving the use of remote sensing tools for crop production projections and weather forecasting". By providing coordinated Earth observations from satellites and integrating them with ground-based and other in-situ measurements, the initiative will contribute to generating reliable, accurate, timely and sustained crop monitoring information and yield forecasts
- 29. GEOGLAM provides a framework which strengthens the international community’s capacity to produce and disseminate relevant, timely and accurate forecasts of agricultural production at national, regional and global scales through the use of Earth Observations (EO) including satellite and ground-based observations. This initiative is designed to build on existing agricultural monitoring programs and initiatives at national, regional and global levels and to enhance and strengthen them through international networking, operationally focused research, and data/method sharing.
- 32. IT application for computation of water and nutrient requirement of crops Crop yield gaps quantify the potential for yield increases. Closing yield gaps may require more inputs, and a question is: how much? In analogy with the yield gap, the input gap is the difference between the minimum amount of input(s) required for a target yield and the input use under current practice. We developed a methodology to calculate nitrogen fertilizer requirements and input gaps and present preliminary results for maize in Africa
- 33. Methodology We have combined existing model approaches: – Potential yield and water use are calculated with a crop model as function of crop characteristics and global grid-based data of weather and soils Minimum fertilizer N requirement is calculated as function of target yield, indigenous soil N supply (SNS), applied animal manure (MAN) and grain recovery efficiency of applied fertilizer N (GRE), while maintaining soil N equilibrium, Calculation steps
- 34. I select target DM yield II. calculate N yield III. calculate N application – In maintaining soil N equilibrium, we have calculated SNS depending on the amount of crop residues left in the field and MAN depending on part of the aboveground biomass fed to animals, while GRE depends on the harvest index and N losses during the cropping cycle. • Basic equilibrium equations of annual crop and soil N balances: a) Nuptake = Nroots + Ncropresidue + Nbyproduct + Ngrain b) Ndeposition + Nroots + Ncropresidue + Nmanure + Napplication = Nuptake + NsoilLosses