This document provides guidance on defining problems for grant proposals in 5 steps: 1) Understand the funder's mission and how the project helps it. 2) Identify if the problem is a knowledge gap or lack of resources. 3) Research and document the problems through various evidence sources. 4) Propose a project to address the problems. 5) Explain how the project helps achieve the funder's goals. Researchers should thoroughly understand the funder and problem, provide strong evidence for the problems, and demonstrate how their proposed project solves the issues and aligns with the funder's mission.