Training Session 3 – de la O – FAO Modifications to the WEAI (Rwanda)
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The document discusses measuring women's empowerment within social protection programs, specifically through Rwanda's Vision 2020 Umurenge Program (VUP). It emphasizes the adaptation of the Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) to evaluate economic advancement, power, and agency while highlighting challenges in integrating empowerment indicators into program impact assessments. Recommendations include using a data-intensive approach to inform program design and evaluating individual indicators beyond the WEAI index.
![Modification of WEAI (questions)
Ownership of assets
• Who owns most of [asset]? (WEAI)
• Who owns [asset]? Reported up to 3 HH IDs (FAO)
Speaking in Public
• Do you speak up and take part in decision-making in your community?
For example, to help decide on small wells, roads, water supplies to be
built in your community or problem-solving at community level?
• Do you speak up to ensure proper payment of wages or any form of
remuneration from your own work?
• Do you speak up to convey needs and priorities to authorities or elected
officials?
• Do you speak up to protest the misbehavior of authorities or elected
officials?](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/delao-modificationstotheweai-141212103742-conversion-gate02/85/Training-Session-3-de-la-O-FAO-Modifications-to-the-WEAI-Rwanda-5-320.jpg)
Training Session 3 – de la O – FAO Modifications to the WEAI (Rwanda)
- 1. Measuring Women’s Empowerment in Social Protection The Case of Rwanda’s VUP Part II: Adaptation of the WEAI Ana Paula de la O Campos Social Protection Division of the FAO A4NH Gender-Nutrition Methods Workshop II December 2-4, 2014
- 2. Research programme on women’s empowerment and social protection • focus on cash transfers and public works • global research programme: Rwanda (pilot), Lesotho, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Zambia ... Guatemala, Kyrgyzstan ... • aims to provide programme and policy recommendations to FAO Member States (design, complementarities with agricultural interventions) • three areas of inquiry: economic advancement, power and agency, operational issues (gender-sensitive design) • main question: integrating empowerment indicators into impact evaluation of social protection programmes • challenge: economic outcomes vs. health/nutrition outcomes
- 3. Challenges: using WEAI in impact evaluation of social protection programmes... Power and agency: • empowerment in agiculture - 5 domains • focus on questionnaire and derived indicators – not index: state of the art/experiments of measurement of empowerment indicators • WEAI is data intensive: difficulties mainstreaming in programme impact evaluation surveys … but WEAI data already available in several countries - useful for power calcuations and buidling comparison groups Economic advancement: • WEAI does not measure agricultural productivity • or labour participation in “decent” employment (higher incomes/better work status)
- 4. What is indispensable? How we used the WEAI questionnaire and more... Domain WEAI Indicator Additional questions Production Input in productive decisions (1) + inputs in use of incomes (including that from SP programme) (**) Agricultural Productivity* (2) Labour module (participation and income in ag/non-ag wage employment) Autonomy in production (RAI) – dropped Resources (3) Ownership of assets (owns-records different IDs) (**) Economic value of assets Purchase, sale, or transfer of assets Access to and decisions on credit (4) Credit value Income Control over use of income (5) Income from SP programme + income from wage employment Leadership Group member (6) Speaking in public (Modified questions) Time Leisure time ** Time use during participation in public works Workload (time poverty) ** Particularly when participating in public works Gender-based violence?
- 5. Modification of WEAI (questions) Ownership of assets • Who owns most of [asset]? (WEAI) • Who owns [asset]? Reported up to 3 HH IDs (FAO) Speaking in Public • Do you speak up and take part in decision-making in your community? For example, to help decide on small wells, roads, water supplies to be built in your community or problem-solving at community level? • Do you speak up to ensure proper payment of wages or any form of remuneration from your own work? • Do you speak up to convey needs and priorities to authorities or elected officials? • Do you speak up to protest the misbehavior of authorities or elected officials?
- 6. Modification to input in Decision Making FAO • No input • Input into very few decisions • Input into some decisions • Input into all decisions • No decision made WEAI (v2) • No input or input in few decisions • Input into some decisions • Input into most or all decisions • No decision made
- 7. Lessons learned so far... • Purpose: informing programme design, not statistics: – should allow variability in questions and scores – better if influence by qualitative data and analysis • Impact Evaluation of social protection (programs): – individual indicators of empowerment and empowerment outcomes (productivity) – WEAI index can be used, but other variables too, for measuring empowerment – data intensive for small budgets – targeted indicators