Deng Xiaoping the father of reformation in china
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Deng Xiaoping was a prominent Chinese leader who led China's economic reforms from 1978 to the early 1990s. He introduced socialist market reforms and China's opening up to the West to modernize China's economy. Key aspects of Deng's reforms included decentralizing control over local economies, implementing market incentives over political appeals, and allowing foreign investment to accelerate China's industrialization and economic growth. Deng's policies transformed China into one of the fastest growing economies in the world and established China as a global economic power.
Deng Xiaoping the father of reformation in china
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- 3. *He was born in Guang’an, Sichuan on 22sd August 1904. He was a prominent leader in China. He was Chinese politician, statesman, theorist, and diplomat. He was the first leader as the reformation leader who created China towards market economist. He led China from 1978 to the early 1990s.
- 4. *In 1920, Deng Xiaoping went to France, he studied and worked in France. In France the Marxism influenced him. In 1923 he joined into the communist party of China. After he returned to China he worked as a political commissar in rural regions and was considered a revolutionary veteran of the Long March Movement. In 1949 China became the People’s Republic of China, he worked in Tibet to consolidate Communist Control. In the early 1960s he was also the instrumental in China’s economic reconstruction creator following the Great Leap Forward. But during Cultural Revolution of the era of Mao Zedong he purged for twice to the prison.
- 6. *After the cultural revolution was ended. Deng Xiaoping became the core of the revolution in China of Chinese leadership. He was the second generation of Chinese leadership. He was called as the architect for reformation in China. He created a new brand of socialist thinking it called Socialism with Chinese Characteristics and led opening Socialist Market Economy.
- 7. *His concept influenced by his young time from his teacher and truth from the West in order to save China. Deng Xiaoping had been taught that China was weak and poor, and that the Chinese people must have a modern, Western education to save their country. Deng believed that the students of China should be allowed to study in other countries to help a more perfect China, this plan lead to economic reforms but also called for democracy.
- 9. *When he became the leader of the People’s Republic of China he made relation with the West leaders. Deng traveled abroad and visited to many West countries. In 1979 he became the first Chinese leader to visit to America meeting President Jimmy Carter at White House. He opened China to see the West countries as friend and asking them to invest in China in industry sector sustaining China economic market system. Deng visited to Japan as a good example as rapidly progressing economic power.
- 10. *On 19th December 1984. Deng Visited to England and made the agreement that Hong Kong was to be handed over to China in 1997. And also similar agreement signed with Portugal for the returning of colony Macau Island.
- 12. *China to be implemented a new system calling as one country-two system for Hong Kong and Portugal. For politics system China holds directing to two countries but for economy China gives full authority to two countries as the centre for business. Hong Kong has given the good image for business world for years. Macau Island has become the gambling place for years. These countries have given an image for their characteristic as a nation.
- 13. *Deng’s program of reform calling Gaige Kaifang (Reforms and Openess). Its goal improving relations with outside world. Deng did reformation in domestic social, political, and economic system. The goals of Deng’s reform were summed up by the four modernization.
- 14. *The Four Modernization *1. Agriculture *2. Industry *3. Science and technology *4. Military
- 16. *Deng is having goal. The strategy for achieving these aims of becoming a modern, industrial nation was the socialist market economy. Deng argued that China was in the primary stage of socialism and that the duty of the party was to perfect so-called Socialism with Chinese characteristics and seeking truth from fact.
- 17. *This interpretation of Chinese Marxism reduced the role of ideology in economic-making and deciding policies of proven effectiveness. Deng emphasized that socialism does not mean shared poverty.
- 19. *Deng theoretical: *Planning and market forces are not the essential difference between socialism and capitalism. A planned economy is not the definition of socialism, because there is planning under capitalism, the market economy happens under socialism, too. Planning and market forces are both ways of controlling economic activity.
- 20. *This political flexibilty towards the foundations of socialism is strongly supported by quotes such as: *We mustn’t fear to adopt the advanced management methods applied in capitalist countries…the very essence of socialism is the liberation and development of the productive system…Socialism and market economy are not incompatible…We should be concerned about right-wing deviations, but most of all, We must be concerned about left-wing deviations.
- 22. *Deng’s reforms actually included the introduction of planned, centralized management of the macro-economy by technically proficient bureaucrats, and abandoning Mao’s mass campaign style of economic construction.
- 23. *Deng Xiaoping Reformation of Economy: *1. The Planning *2. The Centralized Management of the Macro- Economy supported by effective bureaucrats. *3. The New Concept of Economic Construction.
- 25. *Actually this concept was introduced by Deng Xiaoping himself. He learned many combinations between Socialism and Capitalism creating a new concept as socialism with Chinese characteristic. Deng’s concept was also supported by the political support to allow economic reform to occur. This successful and promising these reforms would be adopted by larger and larger and ultimately introduced nationally. Deng’s concept to be national planning for China economy under his leading.
- 26. *At the level local, material incentives, rather than political appeals, were to be used to motivate the labor force, including allowing peasants to earn extra income by selling the produce of their private at free market.
- 28. *This policy is having a clear goal local municipalities and provinces were allowed to invest in industries that they considered most profitable, which encouraged investment in light manufacturing. Deng’s strategy to develop China to an emphasis on light industry and export-led growth.
- 29. *For Deng Xiaoping if China could develop its technology-industry it would give a huge contribution for China economy growth. Light industrial output was vital for a developing country coming from a low capital base. With the short gestation period, low capital requirements, and high foreign exchange export earnings, revenues generated by light manufacturing were able to be reinvested in more technologically-advanced production and further capital expenditures and investments.
- 31. *The capital invested heavy industry largely come from the banking system, and most capital came from consumer deposits. One of the first items of Deng reforms was to prevent reallocation of profits excepts through taxation or through the banking system. Hence, the reallocation in state-owned industries was somewhat indirect, thus making them more or less independent from government interference. In short, Deng’s reforms sparked an industrial revolution in China.
- 32. *In Deng era. China decided to accelerate the modernization process by stepping up the volume of foreign trade. China bought the machine from Japan and the West countries. The goal was foreign market. China was able to step up the four modernization by attaining certain foreign funds, market, advanced technologies and management experiences, thus accelerating its economic development.
- 34. *The reforms centered on improving labor productivity as well. New material incentives and bonus systems were introduced Rural Markets selling peasants homegrown products and the surplus products of communes were revived. Not only did rural markets increase agricultural output, they stimulated industrial development as well. With peasants able to sell surplus agricultural yields on the open market, domestic consumption stimulated industrialization as well as and also created political support for more difficult economic reforms.
- 35. *Deng was recognized officially as the chief architect of China’s economic reforms and China’s socialist modernization.
- 37. *He stressed the importance of economic construction in China, and criticized those who were against further economic and openness reforms,. Although there is debate on whether or not Deng actually said it, his perceived catchphrase, to get Rich is Glorious, unleashed a wave personal entrepreneurship that continues to drive China’s economy today.
- 38. *Deng was instrumental in the opening of Shanghai’s Pudong new era, revitalizing the city as china’s economic hub.
- 40. *Deng is known to change China from a country with mass political movements to a country focused on economic construction. Deng’s socio- economic model of a socialist market economy was a largely book-writing concept. Deng Xiaoping’s policies are among some of the most successful industrialization in human history, comparable to only the rapid industrialization of other East Asia countries.
- 41. *Deng was an able diplomat, and he was largely credited with the success of China in foreign affairs. Deng’s time as China’s leader saw agreement signed to revert both Hong Kong and Macau Island to Chinese sovereignty. Deng’s era, set under the backdrop of the cold war, saw the best Sino-American relations in history. Some Chinese nationalists assert, how ever, that Deng’s foreign policy was one of appeasement, and past wrong such as war Crimes committed by Japan during the world war II were forgotten to make way for economic partnership.