F1.4 creates a shallow depth of field where the plane in focus is sharp but areas before and after are blurry. A smaller aperture like F16 creates a larger depth of field where more of the image is in focus. ISO settings determine the camera sensor's light sensitivity; higher ISO needs less light but can cause noise, while lower ISO preserves image quality but requires more light. Increasing ISO allows slower shutter speeds for handheld low-light photos to avoid blur.