Task 2 v2
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The document discusses various camera settings that impact the look and quality of photographs, including aperture, shutter speed, ISO, white balance, and post-processing techniques. It explains that aperture affects depth of field, shutter speed controls motion blur, ISO impacts image noise, and white balance removes color casts. Examples are provided showing the effects of different settings on photos. Post-processing techniques like cropping, dodging, burning, color balance, and curves are also introduced.
Task 2 v2
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- 2. Aperture (AV mode) When you take a picture and you hit the shutter release button on your camera, a hole opens up that allows the camera’s image sensor to catch the scene you’re capturing. The aperture that you set impacts the size of that hole. The larger the hole the more light that gets in and the smaller the hole the less light is taken through. Aperture is basically the size of the opening in the lens when a picture is taken. Aperture is measured in f-stops (f/4, f/6, f/16). So moving from one f-stop to the next doubles or halves the size of the hole in the lens and the changes the amount of light getting through into the camera. The larger the f-stop the smaller the aperture. And the smaller the f-stop number the larger the aperture. The aperture effects the depth of field which is the amount of the photograph which will be in focus. A large depth of field means that most of your image will be in focus. So a small or shallow depth of field means less of the photograph will be in focus. Aperture has a huge effect on the depth of field. It explains that the large aperture (the smaller f-stop- f/4) will decrease depth of field while smaller apertures (f/16) will give you larger depth of field.
- 3. I used a flat surface to make sure I did not get camera shake but F16.0 could give you some camera shake and distort the photograph, therefore a stable surface or a tripod will need to be used. This is the aperture which creates the depth of field to show almost all of the objects in the photograph in focus. It makes the image look sharp and all details can be seen as you can see in the picture all the objects are in focus.You can see in this photograph that it is slightly darker than the above images. This can be changed with the ISO settings. This is an example of a mid aperture which focus’s on part of the image, it creates more than a small aperture but less than a larger aperture. It makes the image look shaper and more objects will become visible but some bits are still not in that depth of field creating them to still be slightly out of focus and blurry. For example the Buddha has become more in focus because you still cannot see off the detail, same with the fairy box. The cup is still in focus. The lower the number, for example F4.0, it will produce a larger aperture and the depth of field smaller which decreases the focus in the photograph which can be seen from the photograph showing the cut is always in focus but the foreground is blurs the closer it gets to the lens. This is a good technique if you are wanting to focus in on one specific part of a image. F4.0 F8.0 F16.0
- 5. Shutter Speed (TV mode) The shutter speed is the amount of time that the shutter is open. It is measured in fractions of seconds such as 1/60. But anything slower than 1/60 of a second is difficult to capture without a solid surface or a tripod because the camera shake will distort the image. If there is movement in the scene you are wanting to shoot such as a moving train or water or traffic, you have the choice of either freezing the movement so it looks still or letting the movement go intentionally blur to give it a sense of movement. To freeze a movement in an image you will need to choose a faster shutter speed and to let the movement blur come into your image you will want to choose a slower shutter speed. Motion and movement is good in a image such as taking a photo of water flowing and you want to show how fast the water is flowing. But my favourite style of slow shutter speed is when you are taking a shot of the star scape and want to show how the stars move over a period of time. A quick shutter speed is also effective with water. It will freeze the frame and create a lot of detail and sharpness showing each water droplet. This is popular in water sports such as surfing and diving.
- 6. The use of a slow shutter speed increases the amount of movement in the photograph, almost making the scene a blur. This is because the sensor picked up a lot of light creating a movement scene. A slow shutter speed can be effective but you will most likely need to use a tripod or a solid surface to decrease the camera shake. This picture shows how fast the car was travelling and how much distance it has travelled from when the shutter closed to when it opened again, this is what has created a blur effect. A middle setting such as 1/50 creates a bit of movement but not as much as the slow shutter speed above. The biggest difference from the image above and this image is that you can see more features on the car, there is some slight blur on the fastest part of the image, the wheels, this is because of how fast they were moving when the shutter closed. This is a quick shutter speed at 1/800. It makes the whole picture freeze and it shows a lot of detail. A problem you could come across if shooting inside would be trying to get the right light balance, because I was outside I didn’t have too much of a problem because there was already a lot of light. But you can tell it is slightly darker than the other two images. 1/6 1/50 1/800
- 7. ISO settings ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The lower the number on the setting of ISO, the less sensitive it is to light. But the higher the ISO level creates noise. Noise distorts the photograph with particles and light that passes through the camera. But a high ISO is needed in dark situations. Image noise is random variation of brightness or colour that pass through the image. It is usually an aspect of electronic noise and cannot be seen unless on a photograph or film. For example in my own photography if you zoom in you can see small particles of noise shown by small different colours in the photograph. It is more visible in photographs taken in a very dark place. Example of noise from my photographs
- 8. A low ISO level, such as 200, means the the less sensitive the camera is to light therefore it does not let much light in, making the photograph much darker. Although the photograph may be dark the chance of noise is unlikely. For example part of the picture zoomed in shows a clear difference between the frame and the wall. There is nothing disturbing this. Setting the ISO at 800, lets in just enough light but it can sometime still be a bit dark depending on the situation. The noise may be visible but only if you zoom in a lot. I zoomed in here and found some slight distortion but not enough to produce major amounts of noise. With such a high ISO the creation of noise can be visible if it is zoomed in. Noise is not a good thing in a photograph. It distorts the image and shows incorrect colours. This level of ISO is usually used in sports such as diving. From this image there is clear noise, the red and white dots. From the larger example on the previous page you can see the noise has escaped all over the page. 200 800 1600
- 9. White Balance White balance (WB), is the process of removing unrealistic colour, so objects which appear white in person are white in the photograph. The white balance in a camera has to take into account the "colour temperature" of a light source, which is the warmth or coolness of white light. Without taking both features into account you could produce a distorted coloured photograph. But some photographers purposely change the white balance setting to create a different feel to their photography. For example shooting a cold, wintery scene a white balance setting such as Tungsten Light would be used to make the photograph look colder with the different hints of shades of blue. The other end of the scale will filter the photograph to look warmer. Our eyes are very good at judging what is white under different light sources, but digital cameras do not and need the help of auto white balance (AWB).
- 10. Auto white balance will generally correct the white in a photograph but if for example you want your photograph to look cold a setting such as Tungsten Light or White Fluorescent Light would be used. And at the other end of the scale to give the photograph a slightly warmer feel to it with shades of yellow and orange settings Shade or cloudy would be used. Each setting creates a different white balance which creates different shades and almost a filter look on the image. CloudyShade White Fluorescent LightTungsten Light
- 12. Levels Dodging
- 14. Curves