Design and Implementation of an Arduino-Based Accident Prevention System
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This document proposes a system to prevent vehicle accidents using an Arduino microcontroller. It uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles and warn of potential collisions. A temperature sensor monitors engine heat to alert the driver if overheating occurs. A speed sensor detects if the vehicle exceeds 50 kmph and notifies the driver. The system aims to reduce accidents by avoiding collisions, preventing engine damage from overheating, and alerting drivers to reduce speed. It was found to accurately sense distances, temperatures, and speeds, and provide warning messages and sounds to drivers as needed.
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1122
Design and Implementation of an Arduino-Based Accident Prevention
System
Rupali Mahajan1, Shruti Mehra2, Priyanshi Pachouri3, Lalita4
1Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Hindustan College of Science and
Technology, Farah, Mathura, U.P. (INDIA)
2,3,4 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Hindustan College of Science and Technology, Farah,
Mathura, U.P. (INDIA)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract: Road accidents are uncertain but whenever
they occur causes damage, serious injuries and sometimes
even death. These accidents are mostly caused due to delay
of driver in hitting the brakes. Presently we are at the phase
of effectively keeping away from mishaps as well as giving
greatest security to the vehicle tenants and people on foot.
Accidents occur due to three main reasons: first is front end
collision that happens due to lack of knowledge of distance
between two vehicles. Secondly due to engine overheating
that may lead to fire in vehicle and thirdly due to over
speeding. In this paper, the proposed system has an
ultrasonic sensor for collision avoidance. Vehicle
overheating may happen due to many reasons and one of
the normal reasons is failure of cooling fan. Mostly, vehicle
driver is ignorant about cooling fan malfunction and when
malfunctioning is determined, it might be too delayed and
cost a lot to fix the damage. Heat produced by engine need to
be dissipated otherwise engine might be seriously damaged.
With the help of the proposed system, vehicle driver is timely
informed about cooling fan failure through an indicator that
will illuminate with beep sound. In addition, to intimate
driver about over speeding this system sends an alert
message with beep sound.
Keywords: Accident prevention, temperature sensor,
ultrasonic sensor, Arduino, speed sensor
INTRODUCTION
According to the global road safety annual report, as many
as 1.24 million people die each year in various road
accidents occurring throughout the world. Apart from the
above-mentioned death toll, almost 50 million people
become victim of critical life-altering injuries. Collision
avoidance system focuses on cutting edge thoughts, for
example, pre-crash detecting[1]. A ultrasonic sensor is
utilized to detect the article before the vehicle[2] and
makes a motion to the microcontroller unit. In view of the
sign got from ultrasonic sensor, the microcontroller unit
conveys an alarm message to the driver so driver can make
a vital move. A collision avoidance system, also known as a
pre-crash system, may also be named forward collision
warning system or collision mitigation system. This is an
automobile safety system designed to prevent or reduce
the severity of collision. Mostly, car drivers don’t have the
foggiest idea what has caused the vehicle to overheat
abruptly in the center of the traffic jams or driving along
the slopes. Sometimes car drivers stop at the side of the
road and wait for the vehicle to cool down and check water
level of the radiator water tank. After that, car drivers
continue their drive without knowing in reality the cooling
fan had failed. The engine may be critically damaged
because overheating of engine and will cost a lot of money
in fixing it. There are several factors which lead to vehicle
overheating such as leakage in cooling system, leakage in
water pump, radiator pipe breaking up, plugging or
unclean radiator and overworking of engine. Hence, the
engine overheating alert system helps to know the
condition of the engine and also warn the driver when
engine overheating occurs. As the number of vehicles on
the roads is growing managing vehicle speed to avoid
accidents is utmost important. On an average, one person
dies by vehicle crash in every minute. Therefore, there is a
need to provide an easy to use and more flexible road
traffic management system for monitoring the speed of
moving vehicles on the roads. Our main objective here is to
design a system to supervise temperature of car engine,
the speed of vehicle[3], obstacles along the path of car and
also make out the chances of collision and give caution[10]
to the driver.
COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR SYSTEM DESIGN
The hardware part consists of:
1. Arduino UNO-Arduino microcontroller is an easy to use
yet power full single board computer. The Arduino is open
source Software. The board features an Atmel ATmega328](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v9i6194-221012105234-4dcf123c/85/Design-and-Implementation-of-an-Arduino-Based-Accident-Prevention-System-1-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1123
microcontroller operating at 5V with 2KB RAM and 32KB
flash memory for storing programs and 1KB EEPROM for
storing parameters.
2. Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)- The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic
distance sensor comprises of two ultrasonic transducers.
One goes about as a transmitter which changes electrical
signal into 40 KHz ultrasonic sound pulses. The receiver
receives these pulses and produces an output pulse whose
width can be used to determine the distance the pulse has
travelled. The sensor is small in size, simple to use and
offers superb non-contact range detection between 2 cm to
400 cm with an accuracy of 3mm. The sensor operates on
5V supply.
3. Temperature Sensor (LM-35)- LM-35 is an integrated
analog temperature sensor whose electrical output is
proportional to Degree Centigrade.
4. Potentiometer-A potentiometer is a three-terminal
device with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an
variable voltage divider.
5. Motor-DC motors are rotary electrical machines that
convert electrical energy into mechanical energy
(Rotation).
6. Motor Driver- L298N Motor Driver Module is a powerful
motor driver module for driving DC and Stepper motors.
This module comprises of an L298 motor driver IC and a
78M05 5V regulator.
7. Buzzer-A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device.
The software part consists of:
1. Arduino IDE-After successful completion of hardware
connections, now it’s time for programming the Arduino
UNO.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ACCIDENT
PREVENTION SYSTEM
Figure 1: Block diagram of proposed system
Ultrasonic sensor, temperature sensor and speed
sensor[4] provide inputs to microcontroller unit. If the
input values exceed the threshold, warning
signal/message is produced on the display of the vehicle
and driver is intimated about the fault in the vehicle.
Figure 2: Flow diagram of vehicle collision avoidance
system[6,8]
The ultrasonic sensor of the system measures the distance
between the said vehicle and the vehicle in its vicinity. It
the separation between the two vehicles is less than 31cm
then the message “warning“ is produced on the display
unit and beep sound is also generated. If the separation
become less than 10 cm then the message ”stop” is
displayed and beep sound is also generated.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v9i6194-221012105234-4dcf123c/85/Design-and-Implementation-of-an-Arduino-Based-Accident-Prevention-System-2-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1124
Figure 3: Flow diagram of engine overheating protection
system[9]
LM-35 temperature sensor of the system measures the
engine temperature. If it is more than 45 degree
centigrade, buzzer rings continuously and message “check”
is produced on the display unit.
Figure 4: Flow diagram of vehicle over speeding detection
system[5,7]
The system monitors the speed of the vehicle. If it is more
than 50 kmph, message “speed too much” is produced on
the display unit.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In collision detection check, the proposed system showed
its competence to sense collisions and, consequently, give
a caution. The engine overheating check confirmed the
ability of the system to evaluate engine temperature and
thereby taking suitable action i.e. displaying caution
messages on serial monitor. The over speeding of vehicles
can be checked by this system and speed is displayed on
serial monitor and also beep sound is produced when
speed of the vehicle goes beyond the threshold. The
temperature, distance and speed sensors are used to
collect vehicle data with Arduino UNO microcontroller.
CONCLUSION
In this system, the vehicle collision avoidance, engine
overheating protection and vehicle speed detection system
has been incorporated. The ultrasonic sensor is used to
detect the vehicles in the vicinity and indication is given by
buzzer so that accident can be avoided at a turning point.
The engine overheating system monitors the temperature
of the engine so that if temperature threshold is exceeded
caution messages are displayed on the serial monitor. To
minimize accidents due to over speeding, speed checker
and alarming system is present.
REFERENCES
[1] Dr. Madhu B.K. , Karthik Koti, K Surabhi, Nikhil U,
Yashwanth M, “Vehicle Collision Avoidance System”(2020),
International Research Journal of Engineering and
Technology (IRJET), Volume: 07, Issue: 06.
[2] Binal Vasant, Vaishali Shardul, Priyanka Solankar,
Sneha Sharma, Prof. Namrata D. Ghuse, “Over Speed
Detection on Highway”(2020), International Journal of
Innovative Research in Technology (IJIRT), Volume 6,
Issue 11.
[3]Esko Lehtonen, Neha Malhotra, Nicola J. Starkey &
Samuel G. Charlton, “Speedometer monitoring when
driving with a speed warning system”(2020), European
Transport Research Review, volume 12, Article number:
16.
[4]Athira Gopal, Haricharann D V, A Harikoushik, Ambrish
V, Vineeth VV, “Automatic Speed Surveillance and Vehicle
Alerting System using Internet of Things (IoT)”(2019),](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v9i6194-221012105234-4dcf123c/85/Design-and-Implementation-of-an-Arduino-Based-Accident-Prevention-System-3-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1125
International Journal of Innovative Technology and
Exploring Engineering (IJITEE),Volume-8 Issue-4.
[5] Manipriya Vutturi, Susmitha Palle, Sathyam Bonala,
“Automatic Speed Detection and Reporting System Using
Arduino”(2018), International Journal of Scientific
Engineering and Research (IJSER).
[6] Najbin Momin, Dr. M.S.Patil, “Accident Control System
Using Ultrasonic Sensor”(2017), International Journal of
Innovative Research in Electrical, Electronics,
Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 10
[7]Mohammed Gufran Haseeb, Ankit Kumar, Sujeet Kumar,
Ashish Tiwary, “Over speed detection system”(2018),
IEEE.
[8]John Dahl, Gabriel Rodrigues de Campos, Claes Olsson
and Jonas Fredriksson, “Collision Avoidance: a Literature
Review on Threat-Assessment Techniques”(2018), IEEE
Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles 4(1):101 – 113.
[9]Md. Sourove Akther Momin, Mr. Md. Golam Kader,
Pratik Roy, Md.Sahid Hasan, Md. Mufrid Zuhane,
“Automatic Signal and Alarming System to Avoid Engine
Overheating”(2016). International Journal of Research,
Volume 03, Issue 13.
[10] Pratik Roy, Md. Golam Kader, “Design and
Construction of Speed Checker and Alarming System to
Detect Rush Driving and Its Future Modification”(2016),
International Conference on Mechanical, Industrial and
Energy Engineering, Khulna, Bangladesh.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v9i6194-221012105234-4dcf123c/85/Design-and-Implementation-of-an-Arduino-Based-Accident-Prevention-System-4-320.jpg)
Design and Implementation of an Arduino-Based Accident Prevention System
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1122 Design and Implementation of an Arduino-Based Accident Prevention System Rupali Mahajan1, Shruti Mehra2, Priyanshi Pachouri3, Lalita4 1Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Hindustan College of Science and Technology, Farah, Mathura, U.P. (INDIA) 2,3,4 Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Hindustan College of Science and Technology, Farah, Mathura, U.P. (INDIA) -------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------ Abstract: Road accidents are uncertain but whenever they occur causes damage, serious injuries and sometimes even death. These accidents are mostly caused due to delay of driver in hitting the brakes. Presently we are at the phase of effectively keeping away from mishaps as well as giving greatest security to the vehicle tenants and people on foot. Accidents occur due to three main reasons: first is front end collision that happens due to lack of knowledge of distance between two vehicles. Secondly due to engine overheating that may lead to fire in vehicle and thirdly due to over speeding. In this paper, the proposed system has an ultrasonic sensor for collision avoidance. Vehicle overheating may happen due to many reasons and one of the normal reasons is failure of cooling fan. Mostly, vehicle driver is ignorant about cooling fan malfunction and when malfunctioning is determined, it might be too delayed and cost a lot to fix the damage. Heat produced by engine need to be dissipated otherwise engine might be seriously damaged. With the help of the proposed system, vehicle driver is timely informed about cooling fan failure through an indicator that will illuminate with beep sound. In addition, to intimate driver about over speeding this system sends an alert message with beep sound. Keywords: Accident prevention, temperature sensor, ultrasonic sensor, Arduino, speed sensor INTRODUCTION According to the global road safety annual report, as many as 1.24 million people die each year in various road accidents occurring throughout the world. Apart from the above-mentioned death toll, almost 50 million people become victim of critical life-altering injuries. Collision avoidance system focuses on cutting edge thoughts, for example, pre-crash detecting[1]. A ultrasonic sensor is utilized to detect the article before the vehicle[2] and makes a motion to the microcontroller unit. In view of the sign got from ultrasonic sensor, the microcontroller unit conveys an alarm message to the driver so driver can make a vital move. A collision avoidance system, also known as a pre-crash system, may also be named forward collision warning system or collision mitigation system. This is an automobile safety system designed to prevent or reduce the severity of collision. Mostly, car drivers don’t have the foggiest idea what has caused the vehicle to overheat abruptly in the center of the traffic jams or driving along the slopes. Sometimes car drivers stop at the side of the road and wait for the vehicle to cool down and check water level of the radiator water tank. After that, car drivers continue their drive without knowing in reality the cooling fan had failed. The engine may be critically damaged because overheating of engine and will cost a lot of money in fixing it. There are several factors which lead to vehicle overheating such as leakage in cooling system, leakage in water pump, radiator pipe breaking up, plugging or unclean radiator and overworking of engine. Hence, the engine overheating alert system helps to know the condition of the engine and also warn the driver when engine overheating occurs. As the number of vehicles on the roads is growing managing vehicle speed to avoid accidents is utmost important. On an average, one person dies by vehicle crash in every minute. Therefore, there is a need to provide an easy to use and more flexible road traffic management system for monitoring the speed of moving vehicles on the roads. Our main objective here is to design a system to supervise temperature of car engine, the speed of vehicle[3], obstacles along the path of car and also make out the chances of collision and give caution[10] to the driver. COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR SYSTEM DESIGN The hardware part consists of: 1. Arduino UNO-Arduino microcontroller is an easy to use yet power full single board computer. The Arduino is open source Software. The board features an Atmel ATmega328
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1123 microcontroller operating at 5V with 2KB RAM and 32KB flash memory for storing programs and 1KB EEPROM for storing parameters. 2. Ultrasonic Sensor (HC-SR04)- The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic distance sensor comprises of two ultrasonic transducers. One goes about as a transmitter which changes electrical signal into 40 KHz ultrasonic sound pulses. The receiver receives these pulses and produces an output pulse whose width can be used to determine the distance the pulse has travelled. The sensor is small in size, simple to use and offers superb non-contact range detection between 2 cm to 400 cm with an accuracy of 3mm. The sensor operates on 5V supply. 3. Temperature Sensor (LM-35)- LM-35 is an integrated analog temperature sensor whose electrical output is proportional to Degree Centigrade. 4. Potentiometer-A potentiometer is a three-terminal device with a sliding or rotating contact that forms an variable voltage divider. 5. Motor-DC motors are rotary electrical machines that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy (Rotation). 6. Motor Driver- L298N Motor Driver Module is a powerful motor driver module for driving DC and Stepper motors. This module comprises of an L298 motor driver IC and a 78M05 5V regulator. 7. Buzzer-A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device. The software part consists of: 1. Arduino IDE-After successful completion of hardware connections, now it’s time for programming the Arduino UNO. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF ACCIDENT PREVENTION SYSTEM Figure 1: Block diagram of proposed system Ultrasonic sensor, temperature sensor and speed sensor[4] provide inputs to microcontroller unit. If the input values exceed the threshold, warning signal/message is produced on the display of the vehicle and driver is intimated about the fault in the vehicle. Figure 2: Flow diagram of vehicle collision avoidance system[6,8] The ultrasonic sensor of the system measures the distance between the said vehicle and the vehicle in its vicinity. It the separation between the two vehicles is less than 31cm then the message “warning“ is produced on the display unit and beep sound is also generated. If the separation become less than 10 cm then the message ”stop” is displayed and beep sound is also generated.
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1124 Figure 3: Flow diagram of engine overheating protection system[9] LM-35 temperature sensor of the system measures the engine temperature. If it is more than 45 degree centigrade, buzzer rings continuously and message “check” is produced on the display unit. Figure 4: Flow diagram of vehicle over speeding detection system[5,7] The system monitors the speed of the vehicle. If it is more than 50 kmph, message “speed too much” is produced on the display unit. RESULT AND DISCUSSION In collision detection check, the proposed system showed its competence to sense collisions and, consequently, give a caution. The engine overheating check confirmed the ability of the system to evaluate engine temperature and thereby taking suitable action i.e. displaying caution messages on serial monitor. The over speeding of vehicles can be checked by this system and speed is displayed on serial monitor and also beep sound is produced when speed of the vehicle goes beyond the threshold. The temperature, distance and speed sensors are used to collect vehicle data with Arduino UNO microcontroller. CONCLUSION In this system, the vehicle collision avoidance, engine overheating protection and vehicle speed detection system has been incorporated. The ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the vehicles in the vicinity and indication is given by buzzer so that accident can be avoided at a turning point. The engine overheating system monitors the temperature of the engine so that if temperature threshold is exceeded caution messages are displayed on the serial monitor. To minimize accidents due to over speeding, speed checker and alarming system is present. REFERENCES [1] Dr. Madhu B.K. , Karthik Koti, K Surabhi, Nikhil U, Yashwanth M, “Vehicle Collision Avoidance System”(2020), International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 07, Issue: 06. [2] Binal Vasant, Vaishali Shardul, Priyanka Solankar, Sneha Sharma, Prof. Namrata D. Ghuse, “Over Speed Detection on Highway”(2020), International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology (IJIRT), Volume 6, Issue 11. [3]Esko Lehtonen, Neha Malhotra, Nicola J. Starkey & Samuel G. Charlton, “Speedometer monitoring when driving with a speed warning system”(2020), European Transport Research Review, volume 12, Article number: 16. [4]Athira Gopal, Haricharann D V, A Harikoushik, Ambrish V, Vineeth VV, “Automatic Speed Surveillance and Vehicle Alerting System using Internet of Things (IoT)”(2019),
- 4. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | June 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2022, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.529 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1125 International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE),Volume-8 Issue-4. [5] Manipriya Vutturi, Susmitha Palle, Sathyam Bonala, “Automatic Speed Detection and Reporting System Using Arduino”(2018), International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research (IJSER). [6] Najbin Momin, Dr. M.S.Patil, “Accident Control System Using Ultrasonic Sensor”(2017), International Journal of Innovative Research in Electrical, Electronics, Instrumentation and Control Engineering, Vol. 5, Issue 10 [7]Mohammed Gufran Haseeb, Ankit Kumar, Sujeet Kumar, Ashish Tiwary, “Over speed detection system”(2018), IEEE. [8]John Dahl, Gabriel Rodrigues de Campos, Claes Olsson and Jonas Fredriksson, “Collision Avoidance: a Literature Review on Threat-Assessment Techniques”(2018), IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles 4(1):101 – 113. [9]Md. Sourove Akther Momin, Mr. Md. Golam Kader, Pratik Roy, Md.Sahid Hasan, Md. Mufrid Zuhane, “Automatic Signal and Alarming System to Avoid Engine Overheating”(2016). International Journal of Research, Volume 03, Issue 13. [10] Pratik Roy, Md. Golam Kader, “Design and Construction of Speed Checker and Alarming System to Detect Rush Driving and Its Future Modification”(2016), International Conference on Mechanical, Industrial and Energy Engineering, Khulna, Bangladesh.