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Rohit	
  Ashok	
  Khot	
  



Designing   	
  
Login Interfaces for Mobiles	
  
Abraham	
  Lincoln	
  &	
  Duarte	
  




“Nearly	
  all	
  men	
  can	
  stand	
  adversity,	
  but	
  
if	
  you	
  want	
  to	
  test	
  a	
  man’s	
  character,	
  
give	
  him	
  power	
  .”	
  
                                               Point
Roadmap	
  	
  
                                                            	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  




   1 2 3
                                                                                                         	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
                               	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
   WHY	
  
   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
                                                                                           WHAT	
  
                                                                                             	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     HOW	
  
                                                                                                                                                     	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  




                                                          I	
  have	
  story	
  for	
  every	
  step	
  of	
  the	
  way,	
  so	
  stay	
  with	
  me	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
1            	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     Why?	
  User	
  Authen@ca@on	
  
                                                       	
  




                                                                   Personalized	
  services	
  &	
  ConfidenJal	
  access	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
Anything	
  that	
  reduces	
  	
  
        Human	
  Effort	
  and	
  saves	
  
                       Time.	
  
The	
  informa@on	
  bubble	
  




           What	
  is	
  easy	
  to	
     remember	
  ?	
  
With	
  	
  
    Great	
  Power	
  comes	
  
        Great	
  Responsibility.	
  
The	
  Web:	
  An	
  oxymoron	
  




            	
                                     	
  

     	
     The	
  Dream	
  	
              	
     The	
  Reality	
  
     Web	
  for	
  good	
  things	
  	
  
     	
  
     	
  
                                            Web	
  as	
  privacy	
  breach	
  	
  
                                             	
  
                                             	
  
     	
                                     	
  
The	
  clear	
  and	
  present	
  danger	
  


 Social	
  engineering	
  
       aOacks	
       Brute	
  Force	
  

         Reply	
  aOacks	
                     Phishing	
  aOacks	
  
              Malwares	
  

 Shoulder-­‐surfing	
                                 Key	
  loggers	
  


                                Educated	
  guess	
  (Dic@onary	
  
                                based)	
  aOacks	
  
Easy	
  solu@on,	
  but	
  is	
  it	
  worth?.	
  




              What	
  is	
  easy	
  to	
     remember	
  ?	
  
1.	
  
User	
  Authen@ca@on	
  
“The	
  problem	
  with	
  securing	
  assets	
  and	
  their	
  
func@onality	
  is	
  that,	
  by	
  defini@on,	
  you	
  don’t	
  want	
  to	
  
protect	
  them	
  from	
  everybody.”	
  –	
  Bruce	
  Schneier.	
  
User	
  Authen@ca@on	
  
PASSWORDS	
  
                Benefits	
  
                •  Simple	
  to	
  use,	
  easy	
  to	
  
                     understand.	
  
                •  Familiar	
  to	
  most	
  users.	
  
                •  Require	
  no	
  costly	
  hardware	
  or	
  
                     training.	
  
                •  Easy	
  to	
  distribute	
  and	
  update.	
  
                •  No	
  privacy	
  worries.	
  
                	
  
Passwords:	
  Achilles’s	
  	
  heel	
  of	
  security	
  system	
  	
  …	
  




The	
  whole	
  no@on	
  of	
  passwords	
  is	
  based	
  on	
  an	
  
oxymoron:	
  Having	
  a	
  random	
  string	
  that	
  is	
  
easy	
  to	
  remember.	
  
 
Usability	
  of	
  
PASSWORDS	
           Core	
  Usability	
  
                      Problems	
  
                      •  Complexity.	
  
                      •  Quan@ty.	
  
                      •  Inconvenience.	
  
Complexity:	
  Numbers,	
  special	
  characters,	
  Randomiza@on	
  	
  
Quan@ty:	
  Almost	
  everyone	
  wants	
  a	
  password.	
  
Inconvenience:	
  Asterisks	
  
?
             	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     Wait…	
  	
  
                                                       what	
  about	
  security	
  issues?	
  	
  
                                                       	
  


                                                                            There	
  are	
  in	
  fact,	
  a	
  plenty.	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
                                                                                                                            	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
Problem	
  1:	
  Brute	
  force	
  and	
  Dic@onary	
  based	
  aOacks	
  
Problem	
  2:	
  Malware	
  and	
  phishing	
  aOacks	
  
Problem	
  3:	
  Shoulder	
  surfing	
  
A	
  day	
  at	
  the	
  ATM	
  
We	
  are	
  being	
  watched.	
  
Covertly…	
  
?
             	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     Therefore…	
  	
  
                                                       What	
  can	
  We	
  do	
  about	
  it?	
  	
  
                                                       	
  


                                                                               Some	
  interesJng	
  soluJons	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
                                                                                                                  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
Idea	
  1:	
  Change	
  your	
  pet’s	
  name	
  to	
  your	
  password.	
  	
  
Problem:	
  Pets	
  have	
  tendency	
  to	
  die.	
  
Idea	
  2:	
  Buy	
  and	
  wear	
  a	
  password	
  vest.	
  	
  
Problem:	
  Emergency	
  can	
  strike	
  at	
  any	
  @me.	
  
Idea	
  3:	
  Write	
  on	
  your	
  skin	
  or	
  use	
  password	
  taOoos.	
  
Problem:	
  You	
  have	
  to	
  tolerate	
  odor	
  or	
  don’t	
  bath.	
  
Idea	
  4:	
  Hire	
  a	
  password	
  manager.	
  
Problem:	
  Missed	
  connec@on.	
  
Idea	
  5:	
  Will	
  it	
  really	
  work?	
  
Idea	
  6:	
  May	
  God	
  bless	
  you	
  with	
  passwords.	
  
?
             	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     	
  Can	
  we	
  balance	
  the	
  need	
  to	
  
                                                       Remember	
  the	
  password	
  with	
  
                                                       the	
  necessity	
  of	
  password	
  being	
  as	
  
                                                       Random	
  as	
  possible?	
  
                                                       	
  
                                                                          Let	
  us	
  look	
  into	
  CogniJve	
  psychology!	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
                                                                                                                                   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
2            	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     What	
  ?	
  are	
  We	
  solving…	
  



                                                                                    What	
  about	
  MOBILES	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
                                                                                                                 	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
Why	
  Mobile?	
  
Why	
  Mobile?	
  
Why	
  Mobile?	
  
Why	
  Mobile?	
  
2.	
  
Designing	
  for	
  Mobiles	
  

“Should	
  not	
  be	
  Ad-­‐hoc.” 	
  
The	
  
Advancements	
  
in	
  User	
  
Interfaces	
  
                             •  Codified	
  
                   CLI	
  
                    	
       •  Strict	
  

                             •  Metaphor	
  
                   GUI	
  
                    	
       •  Exploratory	
  	
  

                             •  Direct	
  
                    	
  
                   NUI	
     •  Intui@ve	
  
No	
  
Advancements	
  
in	
  Login	
  
Interfaces	
  
                             •  Text	
  password	
  
                   CLI	
  
                    	
  

                             •  Text	
  password	
  
                   GUI	
  
                    	
  

                             •  Text	
  password	
  
                    	
  
                   NUI	
  
Problem:	
  Fat	
  Finger	
  problem.	
  
Problem:	
  Less	
  context	
  and	
  no	
  hover	
  state.	
  
Results:	
  Erroneous	
  typing	
  and	
  inaccurate	
  clicks.	
  
Difficulty	
  in	
  squeezing	
  a	
  full	
  QWERTY	
  keyboard.	
  
                              44	
  

                  44	
  
3            	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     How	
  ?	
  Can	
  we	
  Contribute…	
  
                                                       	
  




                                                                 EvaluaJon	
  the	
  usability	
  of	
  five	
  authenJcaJon	
  
                                                                                                   schemes	
  for	
  mobiles	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
                                                                                                                                 	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
Method	
  1:	
  Normal	
  keyboard	
  
based	
  entry	
  
Method	
  2:	
  Fast	
  words	
  based	
  
entry	
  
Fast	
  words	
  
Method	
  1:	
  Morse	
  code	
  
based	
  entry	
  
Gmail	
  Tap:	
  Not	
  exactly	
  an	
  April	
  Fool	
  
Method	
  4:	
  Image	
  based	
  
entry	
  
Picture	
  Superiority	
  Effect	
  




            What	
  is	
  easy	
  to	
     remember	
  ?	
  
Have	
  you	
  seen	
  any	
  of	
  the	
  presented	
  
               images	
  before?	
  
Recogni@on	
  based	
  graphical	
  passwords	
  
Method	
  5:	
  Gesture	
  based	
  
entry	
  
Picture	
  Superiority	
  Effect	
  
?
             	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
     But	
  wait…	
  	
  
                                                       There’s	
  More!	
  
                                                       	
  




                                                                              Future	
  Work!	
   	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
                                                                                                  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  
Secure	
  systems	
  	
  that	
  people	
  use	
  
Building	
  

     through	
  User	
  centered	
  design.	
  
                            	
  
Special	
  Thanks	
  


    Dr.	
  Ponnurangam	
  
      Kumaraguru	
     Par@cipants	
  

SID,	
  IndiaHCI	
  commiOee	
     Dr.	
  Kannan	
  Srinathan	
  
               PreCog	
  Labmates	
  

   Mom	
  and	
  Dad	
                            Marty	
  Bucella	
  

                 Deep@,	
  Viraj,	
  Rutuja	
  
Rohit.a.khot@gmail.com	
  


	
  
	
   researcher’s work is
A
Any Questions???
never done!!!

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Designing Login Interfaces for Mobiles