DESIGNING THE IOT BASESTATION FOR GREENHOUSE MONITORING

http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/index.asp 65 editor@iaeme.com
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET)
Volume 10, Issue 2, March-April 2019, pp. 65-72, Article ID: IJARET_10_02_007
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/issues.asp?JType=IJARET&VType=10&IType=02
ISSN Print: 0976-6480 and ISSN Online: 0976-6499
© IAEME Publication
DESIGNING THE IOT BASESTATION FOR
GREENHOUSE MONITORING
Syeda Gauhar Fatima
Professor ECE dept, Deccan College of Engineering and Technology,
Darussalam, Hyderebad.
Syeda Kausar Fatima
Associate Professor ECE dept., Shadan College of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad
Mohd. Mehrajuddin
Assistant Professor EIE dept., Deccan College of Engineering and Technology,
Darussalam, Hyderabad,
ABTRACT
This article put forward a technique to realize the communication between wireless
sensor network and the Internet. The IOT (Internet of Things) gateway is used as part
of the greenhouse checking system. The design well-matched multiple access method
such as LAN, Wifi, GPRS, EDGE, 3G and so on, also the data can be deposited locally.
The IOT gateway uses STM32 as the MCU, μC/OS-III as the embedded operating
system. The application demonstrates the gateway is trustworthy, compatible, and
extendible. Because of this gateway the greenhouse monitoring system realized the real-
time detection and control of the greenhouse, and enhance the ability of the automation
and the smartness of the greenhouse monitoring.
Key words: Internet of things, LAN, GPRS, Embedded operating system, STM32
Cite this Article: Syeda Gauhar Fatima, Syeda Kausar Fatima and Mohd. Mehrajuddin,
Designing the Iot Basestation for Greenhouse Monitoring, International Journal of
Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology, 10(2), 2019, pp.65-72.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJARET/issues.asp?JType=IJARET&VType=10&IType=2
1. OVERVIEW
With the expansion of society, traditional forms of agriculture can't satisfy people's needs, so
agriculture must be change to satisfy people's needs. The development of Internet technology
has brought light to the development of agricultural modernization, agricultural Internet of
things has become the inevitable trend of agricultural informatization. Through the remote
monitoring and control of greenhouse, the greenhouse monitoring system realized the precise
measurement and real time control of the greenhouse. Also the greenhouse monitoring system
can implement the scientific management methods, improve crop disaster prevention ability
and increase production [1]. The greenhouse monitoring system is intended to satisfy the need

Syeda Gauhar Fatima, Syeda Kausar Fatima and Mohd. Mehrajuddin
of the remote monitoring and control of greenhouse. In this paper the design of the gateway
will be introduced and the gateway is the core of the system. The IOT gateway is a join point
of public network and wireless sensor network in greenhouse monitoring and control system.
And the function of the gateway is realized data gathering, upload and processing remote user
control information. The gateway is founded on modularization method and the using of the
scheme
Improved the compatibility and better meets the needs of complex agricultural
environments. Because of the electrical networks are instable, the design can realize the cable
and wireless communication between the gateway and the upper computer, if all the network
lose connection, the data will be stored in the SD card, and send to the upper computer when
established network connection.
2. ORGANIZATION OF THE GREENHOUSE MONITORING SYSTEM
This greenhouse monitoring and control system is designed to solve the problem when there
are lots of greenhouses in agricultural production base. If each greenhouse links with the remote
server independently, the construction is big and the cost is high. So, we need gateway to
gettogether data and send to the remote server combiningly.
As is shown on the Fig. 1 the greenhouse monitoring and control system is made up of the
acquisition and control system in the greenhouses, the gateway and the upper computer, and
the ZigBee coordinator is a part of the gateway [2].
In terms of function, the greenhouse monitoring and control system comprises of acquisition
and control two parts. The function of acquisition is to transfer data from ZigBee coordinator
to MCU, and then the MCU encapsulate data into the appropriate format and transfer to the

Designing the Iot Basestation for Greenhouse Monitoring
upper computer. The function of control is to transfer data from upper computer to MCU, and
then the MCU encapsulate data into the suitable format and handover to the acquisition and
control system through ZigBee coordinator.
3. THE HARDWARE DESIGN OF THE IOT GATEWAY
3.1. The System Design of the IOT Gateway
As is shown on the Fig. 2 the hardware design of the IOT gateway is made up of Ethernet PHY,
ZigBee module, GPRS module (replaceable) [3]. And the MCU by means of STM32F107,
which is based on Cortex-M3 [4], DP83848 is using as the Ethernet PHY and connects the
Ethernet MAC of the MCU through MII.
Figure 2 Hardware design of the IOT gateway.
3.2. The Design of ZigBee Coordinator
ZigBee node devices hav evarious advantages viz, low energy consumption, simple network
flexible, low cost and low equipment complexity, so they are suitable tobe in the greenhouse
IOT. The ZigBee module in the gateway implements CC2530 of TI Company, and play the role
of coordinator, and connected with STM32 through serial interface. This coordinator has the
responsible to launch and configuration the network, collect data and transfer the realtime data
to STM32 [5].
3.3. The Design of GPRS Module
The communication of GPRS is coved widely, transmission efficiency is high, easy to use and
flexible, and the TCP/IP data transmission reliability is high [6]. This design use MG323 as an
example to introduce the GPRS module. MG323 module is prepared up of GSM base band
control, RF transceiver, power module, MCP storage, 26 MHz reference clock, RF front-end
module, receiving filter. The serial port interface level of MG323 is TTL, so MG323 can attach
with the serial port interface of STM32. The consumption of MG323 is low, so if the
transmission speed is not requested MG323 is suited to the greenhouse monitoring system.
For the greenhouse monitoring system which requests the transmission speed MG323 can be
replaced with SIM5216E, which is 3G module and the transmission speed may be 7.2 Mbps
[7].

4. THE DESIGN OF SOFTWARE
4.1. The System Design of Software
As is shown on the Fig. 3, this scheme adopted a development mode of layering [8]. The
hardware layer is largely to complete the hardware driver development of each module.
Operating system layer is primarily to complete the transplantation of μC/OS-III embedded
operating system. Application layer mainly finalizes the development of the application. The
job of the system is made up of the task of Ethernet communication, GPRS communication, SD
storage and ZigBee communication.
4.2. Transplant of μC/OS-III
This design selects STM32 as the MCU, so the design adopts μC/OS-III as the embedded
operating system, because of the embedded operating system the application related with the
code of the upper only and has nothing to do with the processor. When creating software
transplant it only needs to modify the underlying function related to hardware. And it increases
the portability and reserves the ability of the system.
Transplant of μC/OS-III [9] largely contains OS, CPU and BSP, as follows:
1) OS_CPU.H, OS_CPU_A.ASM, OS_CPU_C.C three files about core need to be modify.
OS_CPU.H contains processor- and implementation-specificlly defines constants, macros,
and typedefs.
OS_CPU_C.C comprises of nine hook function and OSTaskStkInit().
OS_CPU_A.ASM contains five fairly simple assembly language functions.
2) CPU.H, CPU_A.ASM, CPU_C.C three files about CPU needed to be modified.
CPU c. defines many data types.
CPU_A.ASM contains the assembly code, such as the interrupt function to open the
interrupt function, count the reset function to wait.
CPU_C.C is an optional file, and keeps the CPU timer interrupt controller code.
3) Create BSP adapted to the target board of board supports package level.
BSP.C and BSP.H help achieve the board of peripherals logically.
BSP_INT.C and BSP_INT.H holds function related with the interrupt controller.
4.3. Protocol Conversion
The gateway handovers the data to acquisition and control system via ZigBee protocol, and
transfer data to upper computer via GPRS or Ethernet. So protocol conversion is needed when
transferring data. Fig. 4 is the protocol conversion diagram [10].

Figure 4 Protocol conversion architecture.
We know that in TCP/IP protocol, the transfer of Ethernet data is acknowledged by MAC,
and ARP complete the conversion between IP and the MAC of DLL. So ZigBee nodes also
need a way to acknowledgement when transfer data, just like the transfer of Ethernet data. Then
the mapping relation is build between MAC of ZigBee and IP to understand the conversion of
IP, and is completed in the address adaptation layer. Then data format convert is completed by
using combined application protocol in the application protocol layer. And application program
layer realized the specific purpose of the gateway, and running as the form of the task of
μC/OS-III.
4.4. Ethernet communication
This design recognizes Ethernet communication via LwIP protocol. LwIP protocol links with
underlying hardware and top applications via interface. LwIP contains 4 layers; physical layer
is to complete driver of Ethernet controller. Interface layer is to complete the acknowledgement
of MAC by ARP protocol. Network layer is to complete basic network transport protocol,
contains IP, ICMP protocol and so on. Network transport layer ensures network data transfer
according to certain format. LwIP initial should do first before the TCP_task start, the program
of LwIP initial shows below. And Fig. 5 shows the flow chart of how the Ethernet sends the
data.

Figure 5 Ethernet sends data work flow. Figure 6 GPRS sends data work flow.
4.5. GPRS Communication
STM32 sets the parameters of MG323 via AT instructs. As the way to transfer data is via IP
address, several steps is needed to set:
1. AT+CSQ This statement is to query network signal quality, and you may receive +CSQ
29, 99 as answer, 29 is the parameter we need.
2. AT+CREG? This statement is to query network register, and you may receive + CREG
0, 1 as answer. Set the connection protocol via at^sics=0,conType,GPRS0;
at^sics=0,passwd,gprs; at^sics=0,user,cm and at^sics=0,apn,cmnet. This is four
statements, and each will get return of OK.
3. Set TCP/IP socket, at^siss=1, srvType,socket; at^siss=1,conId,0;
at^siss=1,address,"socktcp:// 60.10.130.168:7777". This is three statements, and each
will get return of OK, and 60.10.130.168 is the internet IP, 7777 is the intranet port.
4. AT^SISO=1 to open connection, if you receive the answer of ^SISW: 1, 1 then success
to open TCP/IP connection, and the transfer of data are OK.
5. The flow chart of GPRS directs data to upper computer is shown Fig. 6. In order to
circumvent the operators to cut off the connection when GPRS communication in spare
time, heat beat packets are desired.

4.6. The Software Design of ZigBee Module
ZigBee protocol is running in ZigBee coordinator, and the protocol is based on 802.15.4
protocol, and is made up of application layer, network layer, data link layer and medium access
layer [11].
The gateway is responsible for the establishment of the ZigBee network and to monitor the
ZigBee nodes, the flow chart of ZigBee coordinator is shown on Fig. 7. After μC/OS-III startup,
initialize ZigBee will be the first, and the upper computer manage the MAC and network
address unified.
5. APPLICATION RESULTS
The software of the upper computer is designed by LabVIEW. LabVIEW is a virtual instrument
platform developed by NI Company, which adopts powerful graphic language instead of
procedure code. The program behavior of LabVIEW is labelled by graphic symbols, and
eradicates the complicated grammar rules, so the development circle is short just need
Interactive graphics front panel to show the control and result of the system [12]. And for
LabVIEW it is easy to solve the problem of data collection, data analyze, file processing,
waveform processing and arithmetic operations [13].
Figure 7 ZigBee coordinator sends data work flow.
Figure 8 The interface of upper computer
The upper computer works as is shown on Fig. 8.
In this software, users can select manual or auto mode. Manual mode desires users to send
control instruct by toggle switch on the interface. When choosen the mode of auto, software
will send control instruct automatic, but we should collect the suitable value for crop growth
first.

In the analysis of the Fig. 8, the humidity in the greenhouse is low, so the irrigation instruct
is sent. This kind of fine management ensures that the greenhouse crops grown up in the
most proper atmosphere.
6. CONCLUSIONS
The IOT gateway connect wireless sensor network with the Internet, guarantee the operation of
the greenhouse monitoring system, and make it convenient to remote monitoring large-scale
greenhouse, also make it easy to fine planting. The practical application approved that the
gateway run fine in the greenhouse monitoring system, the environment data of the greenhouse
can transfer reliably, and the control instruction sent timely. This design realizes remote
intelligent checking and control of greenhouse, and is helpful to farms to scientific and rational
planting crops. So this design has assured value to popularize.
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DESIGNING THE IOT BASESTATION FOR GREENHOUSE MONITORING

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