Devel
- 2. Developmental Psychology a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, moral, personality and social changes throughout the life span
- 3. PrenatalDevelopment Three stages of Prenatal Development *NOTE: not the same as “Trimesters” (Trimester are what is happening to Mom. The focus of Prenatal is what is developing on “developing baby”) 1. Germinal Period 2. Embryonic period 3. Fetal Period Disclaimer: My use of “developing baby” in this case is for lack of a term that I have taught you yet (and something better than “It”. This is not a statement on when I believe or when you should believe that a baby becomes a baby. You may take this statement to mean that it is developing into a baby or that it is a baby and is developing; your choice.
- 4. PrenatalDevelopment 1. Germinal Period – Developing baby called: Zygote – Lasts: 10-14 days – Major goals: Mitosis (cell duplication) and road trip
- 5. PrenatalDevelopment 2. Embryonic period – Developing baby called: embryo – Lasts: 2nd week – 8th week – Goals: Physical changes • Structures • Organ formation • 40 days 4 months
- 8. Prenatal Development 3. Fetal period – Called: Fetus – Lasts: Until birth Weeks: • 40 – average time (due date) • 42 - induce • 37 – full term (lungs developed) • 22 - age of viability – Goals: Mitosis, enlarging, & brain devel.
- 9. • Placenta – Attaches – Feeds – Filters • Teratogens – Potentially Harmful substances pass placenta • When exposed (which prenatal stage) • Frequency of exposure • Dose of exposure – Examples: • Pollution, 2nd hand smoke • German Measles • Alcohol • Tobacco • Drugs • x-rays • Lead/mercury
- 10. When exposed predicts Impact
- 11. PrenatalSenses • Vision – None (no lightwaves) • Smell – None (no air molecules) • Taste – None (no food getting to tastebuds) • Touch – YES!! We have skin and can feel pressure changes!! • Audition – YES!! We have ears and soundwaves can penetrate to the amniotic sac
- 12. SensoryCapacity@Birth • Newborns – Have capacity for all senses – Have preference for THE FAMILIAR! • Sounds, feels, rocking that they are familiar with they will like better. • These will update/change and add other senses
- 13. BehaviorsofNewborns • Behaviors are “Reflexes” – Controlled by • Brain or Spinal cord? – Increase or decrease as we age?
- 14. BehaviorsofNewborns • Behaviors are “Reflexes” – Controlled by • Spinal cord – Decrease as we age • As brain develops it takes over reflexes previously controlled by spinal cord • Reflex are involuntary responses to a physical stimulus • Reflex – Area stimulated – Resulting action
- 15. Reflexesofnewborn • Rooting – Cheek – Turn in direction • Sucking – Mouth – Sucking • Moro – Noise – arms out, arch back • Babinski – Foot – toes out then curl • Grasp – Palm – close to fist • Stepping – Feet – alternating feet
- 16. Brain Development • Neurons grow in number and size. • Birth = ¼ size of adult • 2 years = ¾ of adult • 5 years = 9/10 of adult
- 17. SocialDevelopment: • Social Development • Harry Harlow’s – work with monkeys to look at attachment – What is more important, • Resources • Contact comfort
- 18. ContactComfort!
- 19. Levels of Attachment: Ainsworth • The “Strange Situation” • Securely attached 1. Secure 1. Cry when mom leaves; welcome back • Insecurely attached 2. Avoidant • Doesn’t care mom leaves or returns 3. Anxious/Ambivalent (resistant) • Protest when leaves; resists contact upon return – Disorganized • Extreme distress at all measurements
- 20. ParentingStyles Authoritative Authoritarian Permissive Neglectful Acceptance of Opinion Control Parent Yes Child NO
- 21. Jean Piaget Development of Cognitive capacities
- 22. CognitiveDevelopment • Cognitive Schemas – Assimilation – Accommodation • Development in Stages birth through adolescence – 4 stages
- 23. Piaget’sFourStagesof • Sensorimotor: birth to 2 years –Abilities: senses and exploration through senses –Limits: lacks object permanence
- 24. Piaget’sFourStagesof CognitiveDevelopment • Pre-operational: 2 to 7 years –Abilities: object permanence (AKA: symbolic thinking) • Which also means language capacities –Limits: • No “Operations” or conservation • Egocentric – only view the world from their eyes
- 28. LanguageDevelopment Fast Mapping Begins – 2 years – 250 words – 6 years up to 14,000 words! – 7 critical period (fast mapping ends – more difficult to learn words/languages)
- 29. Piaget’sFourStagesof CognitiveDevelopment • Concrete Operational: 7 to 11 –Abilities: • operations on Concrete objects – Conservation abilities –Limits: no abstract or hypothetical thinking
- 30. Piaget’sFourStagesof CognitiveDevelopment • Formal Operational: 11 years + –Abilities: abstract and hypothetical –Limits: • adolescent egocentrism • Personal fable • Imaginary audience • Only 1 way to conceptualize abstract