Developing an Aviation Reference Architecture
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The document outlines the development of an aviation reference architecture by a collaboration between Capgemini and Lufthansa, addressing challenges such as lack of expertise and political barriers. It details the structure, intended benefits, and framework for the architecture, emphasizing the need for standardized descriptions across various domains like business, application, data, and technology. The outcome includes improved communication and efficiency in aviation IT systems, along with the establishment of an aviation vertical in the Open Group for knowledge sharing and development of future architectures.
Developing an Aviation Reference Architecture
- 1. Developing an Aviation Reference Architecture Eldar Sultanow, Capgemini Germany Carsten Breithaupt, Lufthansa Kai Schroeder, Capgemini Germany The Open Group San Diego Event: The Value of Reference Architectures January 29 - February 1, 2018 San Diego, USA
- 2. Our point of departure https://pixabay.com/de/flugzeug-militärische-flugzeuge-607225/ Who has ever done a Reference Architecture?
- 3. Our Challenges People Not enough people & not enough aviation IT knowledge Organization Plenty of politics & alignment to strategy Content Lack of available content Budget Who can fund us?
- 4. Our Organization Global group of companies Management Support Corporate Politics Intricate domains 14 Architects + 28 opinions = Five Star Aviation Reference Architecture
- 5. Our Crew Dr. Eldar Sultanow Lead Architect Carsten Breithaupt Head of LH Group Architects Kai Schroeder Head of Enterprise Architects & Transformation Mgrs. Christian Vollmer Sebastian Schnelker Christian Vollmer Andreas Lutz Wolfgang Gillich Dr. Carsten Brockmann Jewgenij Moldawski Dr. Martin Swientek Phillip Pham Martin Mierke Oliver Nandico
- 6. Our Base Documentation Plethora of documents & artifacts Tacit Knowledge Many experts scattered across the group Access to material Limited availability to get information Inconsistent standards Need for an intuitive framework and models
- 7. Our Budget Who pays for what when? Who gets the benefits? “Steal, borrow & beg”
- 8. Let’s talk Architecture Benefits of our Reference Architecture Purpose & Framework Modeling Notation & Domains What happened then?
- 9. Benefits Process and time-to-market No need to educate suppliers and partners Higher productivity for architects Companies new to the industry utilize the knowledge inherent in the RA Structured view on aviation-specific functions Describe business capabilities in a modularized fashion
- 10. The purpose of our reference architecture Common understanding of content, capabilities Easy understanding within the architecture community Comparability of provider solutions Standard description for several views: Architecture Procurement Infrastructure Business Etc. Speed up of detailed description and/or analysis
- 11. How we went about it Select the industry standard Definining domains Defining architectures for each domain Publish results
- 12. Our framework areas Business Architecture Application Architecture Data Architecture Technology Architecture Consistency between the layers Easily and intuitively comprehensible
- 13. Our position on the continuum TOGAF: The Architecture Continuum illustrates how architectures are developed and evolved. Four architectures are part of an Architecture Continuum: Foundation Architecture Common Systems Architecture Industry Architecture Organization-Specific Architecture
- 14. Our Notation Symbol Element BusinessArchitecture Business Domain Business Domain (Top Level Element) Subdomain Subdomain (assigned to a Business Domain) Business Capability Business Capability (assigned to a Subdomain) BPMN Starting State and End State Activity 1 Activity 2 Activities of a business process (can be chained) An artifact (document, table, item, …) that is input or output of an activity and that relates to an Information Object Business Architecture Application Architecture Data Architecture Technology Architecture
- 15. Our Notation Business Architecture Application Architecture Data Architecture Technology Architecture Business Process Model For each Business Domain a Business Capability Map exists. This map assigns to each subdomain all belonging business capabilities. BusinessProcess Activity 1 Activity 2 Activity 3 Activity 4 input output input output input output input output Information Object 1 Information Object 2 Information Object 3 Information Object 4 Information Object 5 Information Object 6 Information Object 7
- 16. Our Notation Business Architecture Application Architecture Data Architecture Technology Architecture Application Architecture Application Application covers/possesses one or more Business Capabilities DataArchitecture Entity Entity describing a data object Information Object Information Object encompassing entities Relations between entities and information objects Technology Architecture Technology Component Technology (Infrastructural) Component These can be nested hierarchically
- 17. Our Notation Business Architecture Application Architecture Data Architecture Technology Architecture Entity Relationship Diagram Entities (Data Objects) and Information Objects relate to each other. They can be nested hierarchically and have attributes. Information Object Entity 4 Entity 2 Entity 3 - Attribute 1 - Attribute 2 Entity 5 Entity 1 Relation 4 Relation 2 Relation 1 Relation 3
- 18. Domain Overview Sales Inventory Management Sales Channel Management Reservation Ticketing Direct Sales Channel & Shopping Sales Agent Channels Ground Ops Station Management Ground Staff Management Passenger Check- in Load Planning Airport Infrastructure Baggage Management Product Network & Fleet Planning Fleet Planning Network Management Network Data Analysis Cooperations & Alliances Scheduling Codeshare Revenue Management & Pricing Group Bookings Availability Management Forecast & Optimization Pricing Product Management & Design Maintenance Maintenance & Testing Cargo Forwarding Carrying Flight Ops Operational Flight Planning Operations Control Crew Management Flight Support Marketing & Customer Care Loyality Feedback & Complaint Customer Profile Direct Marketing Customer Communication Support IT Services HR Finance Data Management and Analysis Business Process Integration Contract Management & Procurement Catering Procurement
- 19. Complete Overview MaintenanceMarketing & Customer Care Customer Communication Customer Profile Management Direct Marketing Feedback & Complaint Loyalty Flight Ops Crew Management Flight Support Operations Control Operational Flight Planning Sales Revenue Management & Pricing Network & Fleet PlanninigProduct Ground Ops Sales Management Forecast & Optimization PROS P4/G4 Revenue Management Pricing Calculate Forecast Optimize Availability Central Fare Solution (CFS) FareQuoteRQ Calculate Prices Central Fare Solution (CFS) Monitor Competitor Prices TechnologyArchitectureBusinessArchitecture ERP Finance / SAP Platform Amadeus availability & pricing platform Product Management and Analytics Platform Media Monitoring System Product Management & Design Product Management Application Manage Air/Ground Products Define Product Strategy Manage Customer Experience Manage Corporate Design Media system Manage Ancillary Services Inventory Management Inventory Management System ManageSeatInventory ManageWaitlists DistributeSchedules ManageFlightRelated AvailabilityRestrictions Direct Sales Channel & Shopping Direct Sales Platform SearchAndOfferProduct CreateReservation ManageOrder ManageBooking Availability Management Availability Calculator (Real Time) SeatAvailability ManageAvailability Manage Influences Group Bookings Group Offer Manager SearchFlightsMultiPAX CheckSeatAvailability SearchFlightUp9Pax Group Sales Tool Group Reservation Pricing Module for Group Reservation Reservation Ticketing Booking System SearchFlight Search Basic Flight Search Multistop Flight Search Rebook Flight Create Reservation ExecuteBookOnHold ServiceList E-Commerce Portal & Shop system Flight Scheduling System Customer Relationship System Network & Fleet Planning Fleet Management Assign Fleet Manage Fleet Size Partner Management Manage Commercial Partners Support Aircraft Sourcing Manage Entry Into Service Network Management Design Flight Network Optimize Flight Network Model O&D Insights Provide O&D Insights Accounting Manage Cooperation Accounting Publishing Report Alliances Statistics Report Joint Venture Statistics Publish Flight Plan Code Share Manage Slots Manage Code Shares Optimize Schedules Business Intelligence Analyze Market Data Gather Historical Sales Statistics Gather Flight Costs Enterprise Accounting System Business Intelligence System Customer Communication Manager Support Ticket System Common Enterprise Software or Cloud Enterprise Platform CUPPS Platform Operational Flight Planning System Operations Control Platform Crew Management Platform Product Maintenance System Product Testing Platform Load Planning Load Planning Tool Baggage Management Baggage Tracking System TrackBaggage RedirectBaggage ControlLoadProcess PlanLoadProcess ProvideLoadInformation Ground Staff Management Ressource Planning Tool ManageRostering PlanCrewDisposition PlanShifts ManageBaggageLoading ManageBaggageUnloading Station Management Airport Management System ProvideAirportInfrastructure ManageAirportInformation ManageRampActivities ManageGroundHandling ManagePassengerStreams ManageLounges ManageIrregulatories Onstation IssueVouchers Passenger Check-in Passenger and Baggage Processing Application / Depature Control System CheckinPassenger BoardPassenger HandleWaitlist AcceptLuggage CheckTravelDocuments Tracking Platform Communication Platform Cargo Slot Manager Operations Control System Flight Planning Tool Cabin Crew Support System Flight Deck Support System Onboard Communication System Crew Management System CalculateFlightPlan DistributeOperational FlightPlan ProvideCrewBriefing ProvidePayloadAndFuel ProvideNavigationAnd FlightInformation ManageCrewResources CommunicateWithCrew PrepareFlight SupportPassengerOnboard HandleFlightIrregularities DispatchFlight&Crew OptimizeFuel ManageFlightPlan CoordinateSlots ProvideOnboard Communication ReportFlightAndIncidents SignLoadSheet Flight Support Platform Notifying Service Notify Service Disruption Notify Service Fulfillment Social Media Manager Connect Social Media Customer Data Manager Maintain Customer Master Data Maintain Customer Preferences Customer Profile Analyzer Analyze Customer Relationships Manage Customer Profiles Marketing Project Manager Manage Campaigns Manage Sales Promotions Personalized Offer Calculator Provide Personalized Offers Customer Feedback Managing Tool Manage Customer Feedback Manage Customer Claims Customer Survey Tool Manage Customer Surveys After Sales Handler Manage After Sales Miles Calculation Service Earn Miles Spend Miles Customer Loyalty Manager Manage Loyalty Account Book Awards Provide Partnership Accural Maintenance Product Maintenance Application Product/Service Testing Product/Service Maintenance Product/Service Monitoring Maintenance planning Forwarding Cargo Forwarding System Recieve shipment Handover shipment Messaging from/to forwarder Tracking & Tracing Communication platfrom Customer Relationship Management System Carying Cargo Control System Recieve shipment Handover shipment Messaging from/to forwarder Tracking & Tracing Warehouse Management System Store freight Collect freight Planning capacity Warehouse reporting Sales Management System DefineSalesChannel Strategy ManageSalesChannel ReportSalesAgentStatistics ManageSalesAgents ManageSalesAccounts Common Use Passenger Processing System (CUPPS)- Platform Tracking Platform Cloud Enterprise Platform Communication und Messaging Platform
- 20. What happened then? Architecture Community Open Group Aviation Vertical Digital Reference Architectures
- 21. What happened then? Architecture Community More architects with aviation knowledge Better skilled architects / greater knowledge More efficient communication Open Group Aviation Vertical Founded aviation vertical with Lufthansa being the lead Internationally acclaimed airlines and airports interested to join Watch this space…
- 22. What happened then? Next generation of reference architectures have been developed IoT Reference Architecture Digitalization Reference Architecture
- 23. For more information contact us Dr. Eldar Sultanow Capgemini eldar.sultanow@capgemini.com Carsten Breithaupt Lufthansa Group carsten.breithaupt@dlh.de Kai Schroeder Capgemini kai.schroeder@capgemini.com
- 24. With more than 190,000 people, Capgemini is present in over 40 countries and celebrates its 50th Anniversary year in 2017. A global leader in consulting, technology and outsourcing services, the Group reported 2016 global revenues of EUR 12.5 billion. Together with its clients, Capgemini creates and delivers business, technology and digital solutions that fit their needs, enabling them to achieve innovation and competitiveness. A deeply multicultural organization, Capgemini has developed its own way of working, the Collaborative Business Experience™, and draws on Rightshore®, its worldwide delivery model. About Capgemini Learn more about us at www.capgemini.com This message contains information that may be privileged or confidential and is the property of the Capgemini Group. Copyright © 2018 Capgemini. All rights reserved. Rightshore® is a trademark belonging to Capgemini. This message is intended only for the person to whom it is addressed. If you are not the intended recipient, you are not authorized to read, print, retain, copy, disseminate, distribute, or use this message or any part thereof. If you receive this message in error, please notify the sender immediately and delete all copies of this message.
- 25. Thus was born the idea of our RA Kai: Hey what about constructing an aviation RA? Carsten: This is a great Idea! – Let us make one! The Telcos have one…. The IATA is creating an AIDM (Data Model), in finance there is one….. But the airlines ….
- 26. Our Motivation Direct and guide the overall IT of an airline Be aware of systems, their interfaces and capabilities for • Checking-In • Transporting and dispatching baggage • Identification • In-flight services • Ground Operations Improve and evolve business and IT capabilities Effectively and efficiently support the business strategy
- 27. Our LH Architecture Framework is based on TOGAF Reference Architecture 27 InitiationPhases: Cont.: Analyze existing documents Determine domain specific processes Determine domain specific layers Extension of existing information Create submission document Analyze resulting documents of LEAF Analyze additional documents Generalize and anonymize Request further documents Exchange on issues via videoconference Gather information through phone calls Extend existing documents with new information Create content within each layer LEAF Lufthansa Enterprise Architecture Framework • Need to define and agree on IT architecture processes • Based on TOGAF customizing • Harmonize IT architecture processes with planningIT • Preparations for the introduction into the necessary LH Group institutions. “The Way We Work”: Definition of approach, process and method for enterprise architecture work by customizing TOGAF “planningIT”: Implement prototype reports within planningIT LEAF Reference Manual: Define deliverables, views and artifacts for use with planningIT and based on TOGAF Training Concept: Concept for architects’ training in working with LEAF and planningIT Results of Project “LEAF” Architecture Action Plan: High Level Target Architecture with focus on selected domains We make use of existing frameworks: TOGAF, IATA, ….