Developing Robust IoT Gateway Applications from Building Blocks
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The document discusses the development of IoT application gateways, emphasizing their importance in reducing latency and managing network traffic. It introduces 'reactive blocks', a tool aimed at simplifying the application development process for gateways, allowing for enhanced reusability and automated code generation. Additionally, it highlights the complexity of developing applications that need to operate autonomously and handle multiple events concurrently.
![INHOLD C
X
X X
X/2
X/2
LOGO SCALE GUIDELINES
The logo must be surrounded with adequate clear space to
ensure
maximum prominence and visual impact.
All scaling of the logo is to be proportional.
In case the logo needs to appear on a limited background,
the minimum size allowed is not less than 15 mm.
LOGO
public void ledOn() {
logInfo("Switching on LED");
leds[0].setState(true);
}
public void ledOff() {
logInfo("Switching off LED");
leds[0].setState(false);
}
In Reactive Blocks,
Java methods are the
smallest units of
behavior. Here two
simple ones that turn
an LED on and off.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hipeac-slides-with-comments-150511080219-lva1-app6892/85/Developing-Robust-IoT-Gateway-Applications-from-Building-Blocks-16-320.jpg)
Developing Robust IoT Gateway Applications from Building Blocks
- 1. March 2012 - Business Confidential - Bitreactive AS Frank Alexander Kraemer, Ph.D. Bitreactive AS, Trondheim @fralkr Developing Robust IoT Gateway Applications from Building Blocks HIPEAC CSW & BR Oslo, May 4-8, 2015 Internet of Things (IoT): Technology and Applications for a Good Society
- 2. March 2012 - Business Confidential - Bitreactive AS Summary Gateways are essential components in IoT systems. Apart from providing network access to the leaf nodes, they can also run applications. This is important to reduce response time, network traffic, keep sensitive data within local boundaries and keep the system up even if the network is down. Home gateways, industrial field agents, on board units and roadside stations are examples for gateways. Application development for such gateways is hard. Since gateways tie together hardware and network resources, developers need a broad set of skills to begin with. Development is further complicated since applications must work autonomously, managed remotely and handle the incoming streams of events. To solve these challenges, we have developed Reactive Blocks, a tool to create applications from building blocks. Blocks can encapsulate protocols, hardware access and application patterns. This leads to increased reuse, enables automatic code generation and automated checking of designs.
- 3. March 2012 - Business Confidential - Bitreactive AS Frank Alexander Frank Alexander Kraemer studied Electrical Engineering and Information Technology at the University of Stuttgart, Germany, and received his Ph.D. from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) in 2008. Frank has experience with the development of software tools, initiated by an internship at IBM, Germany, where he helped integrating tools into the Eclipse platform. During the research for his Ph.D. thesis, he developed an engineering method for the design of reactive systems at the Department for Telematics, NTNU. The results of this research are usable with the Reactive Blocks tool, which is currently applied to a number of industrial projects. Frank is co-founder of Bitreactive AS, which helps other companies to deliver new applications built with Reactive Blocks.
- 4. Title - edit manually in the normal master 4 A selection of gateways. All of them can run Linux and a Java VM.
- 5. Title - edit manually in the normal master 5 Examples for use cases of application gateways.
- 6. INHOLD C X X X X/2 X/2 LOGO SCALE GUIDELINES The logo must be surrounded with adequate clear space to ensure maximum prominence and visual impact. All scaling of the logo is to be proportional. In case the logo needs to appear on a limited background, the minimum size allowed is not less than 15 mm. LOGO A smart parking house that shows you where the last free spots are.
- 7. Gateway Things Cloud BLE ZigBee Thread 6LowPAN MQTTCoAP IPv6 MQTT HTTP CoAP AMQP … A current basis architecture for IoT systems, consisting of cloud, gateways and the connected things.
- 8. IoT Application Gateways - roadside stations - onboard units - residential gateways - field agents
- 9. Gateway Things Cloud Hardware Operating System JVM A 1 A 2 A 3 Applications Gateways can execute IoT applications. This can reduce latency, reduce bandwidth, and keep data secure.
- 10. Gateway Things Cloud Hardware Operating System JVM A 2 A 3 Applications A 1 life cycle services config changes messages network hardware signalshardware changes The challenge is that each application needs to handle lots of events. And concurrent, event- drivem programming is difficult.
- 11. Title - edit manually in the normal master 11 That’s how a program looks like when we just start coding, and concurrency is not handled correctly.
- 12. Title - edit manually in the normal master two types of spaghetti ■ Spaghetti code ■ GOTO is not the problem, but unstructured programming is ■ lots of blocking code, because of communnication to network and interaction with HW, also events and interrupts. —> start with concurrent programming ■ Spaghetti threads ■ in concurrent programming, threads can build spaghetti as well ■ you really give up to understand it 12 You may think “Ahh, spaghetti code!”. But it’s even worse. There’s two types of spaghetti. You also deal with spaghetti threads.
- 13. So this is how it usually turn out with naïve programming. Easy in the beginning, hard in the end.
- 14. INHOLD C X X X X/2 X/2 LOGO SCALE GUIDELINES The logo must be surrounded with adequate clear space to ensure maximum prominence and visual impact. All scaling of the logo is to be proportional. In case the logo needs to appear on a limited background, the minimum size allowed is not less than 15 mm. LOGO Let’s instead solve this problem by cleaning up the mess, and put everything into boxes, a.k.a. building blocks.
- 15. CoAP Resource ok getResponse init failed get post Config Listener initConfig start updatedConfig Kura CloudClient readypublish start stop waiting stopped failed msgArrived MQTT Core initOksubscribe init initFailed publishOk message error stopped disconnected unsubscribe publish stop RPi GPIO Digital In valuestop init initError initOk isLow isHigh stopped read initPS Config Listener initConfig start updatedConfig playing Modbus initOkexecutedReadIn init initFailed readDone writeDone readFailed stopped writeFailed deviceId executedWrite stop executeReadHold registerId 1 2 3Config Listener initConfig start updatedConfig Reactive Blocks
- 16. INHOLD C X X X X/2 X/2 LOGO SCALE GUIDELINES The logo must be surrounded with adequate clear space to ensure maximum prominence and visual impact. All scaling of the logo is to be proportional. In case the logo needs to appear on a limited background, the minimum size allowed is not less than 15 mm. LOGO public void ledOn() { logInfo("Switching on LED"); leds[0].setState(true); } public void ledOff() { logInfo("Switching off LED"); leds[0].setState(false); } In Reactive Blocks, Java methods are the smallest units of behavior. Here two simple ones that turn an LED on and off.
- 17. INHOLD C X X X X/2 X/2 LOGO SCALE GUIDELINES The logo must be surrounded with adequate clear space to ensure maximum prominence and visual impact. All scaling of the logo is to be proportional. In case the logo needs to appear on a limited background, the minimum size allowed is not less than 15 mm. LOGO To let the LED blink, we just add a timer in between. When an operation is called is determined graphically. Its contents is still programmed.
- 18. INHOLD C X X X X/2 X/2 LOGO SCALE GUIDELINES The logo must be surrounded with adequate clear space to ensure maximum prominence and visual impact. All scaling of the logo is to be proportional. In case the logo needs to appear on a limited background, the minimum size allowed is not less than 15 mm. LOGO We can wrap that blink into a building block. (This is a very simple block, there can be much more complex ones!)
- 19. INHOLD C X X X X/2 X/2 LOGO SCALE GUIDELINES The logo must be surrounded with adequate clear space to ensure maximum prominence and visual impact. All scaling of the logo is to be proportional. In case the logo needs to appear on a limited background, the minimum size allowed is not less than 15 mm. LOGO
- 20. INHOLD C X X X X/2 X/2 LOGO SCALE GUIDELINES The logo must be surrounded with adequate clear space to ensure maximum prominence and visual impact. All scaling of the logo is to be proportional. In case the logo needs to appear on a limited background, the minimum size allowed is not less than 15 mm. LOGO We can add some logic to let the LED blink periodically.
- 21. INHOLD C X X X X/2 X/2 LOGO SCALE GUIDELINES The logo must be surrounded with adequate clear space to ensure maximum prominence and visual impact. All scaling of the logo is to be proportional. In case the logo needs to appear on a limited background, the minimum size allowed is not less than 15 mm. LOGO And also wrap that periodic timer as a new building block.
- 22. INHOLD C X X X X/2 X/2 LOGO SCALE GUIDELINES The logo must be surrounded with adequate clear space to ensure maximum prominence and visual impact. All scaling of the logo is to be proportional. In case the logo needs to appear on a limited background, the minimum size allowed is not less than 15 mm. LOGO And the combination of these two blocks can in turn be a building block.
- 23. INHOLD C X X X X/2 X/2 LOGO SCALE GUIDELINES The logo must be surrounded with adequate clear space to ensure maximum prominence and visual impact. All scaling of the logo is to be proportional. In case the logo needs to appear on a limited background, the minimum size allowed is not less than 15 mm. LOGO OSGi Applications consist of a nice hierarchy of blocks, many of them reused. There are many libraries with blocks for typical IoT functions.
- 24. Interfaces ✔ Names ✔ Types ✘ Sequences ✘ Timing Traditional interfaces cover method names and types, but do not help us with timing and sequences of methods.
- 25. INHOLD C X X X X/2 X/2 LOGO SCALE GUIDELINES The logo must be surrounded with adequate clear space to ensure maximum prominence and visual impact. All scaling of the logo is to be proportional. In case the logo needs to appear on a limited background, the minimum size allowed is not less than 15 mm. LOGO Therefore, a reactive block has a contract, that describes in which sequence we can use its pins. Here a very simple example.
- 26. Model Checking Automatic This enables a mathematical analysis called “model checking”. And in Reactive Blocks, it works automatically, without any extra effort.
- 27. Here the analysis finds if we abort a termination sequence and hence do not reach the final state. Very useful.