Intelligent IoT gateway on openwrt
12 likes4,284 views
This document discusses turning a consumer WiFi router into an intelligent IoT gateway using OpenWrt. It describes adding capabilities like MU-MIMO, Bluetooth Low Energy, and Thread mesh networking by installing software and upgrading hardware as needed. Example applications are discussed, like a "Spook House" smart lighting system that monitors light usage and detects deviations using machine learning algorithms. The goal is to provide an open, interoperable platform for horizontal IoT applications.
![© Tieto Corporation
Public
IoT is big! Infinite!
„Bigger than the biggest thing ever and then some.
Much bigger than that in fact, really amazingly immense, a
totally stunning size, "wow, that's big", time. Infinity is just so
big that by comparison, bigness itself looks really titchy.”
[Douglas Adams, The Restaurant at the End of the Universe]
3
replacement of standard IoT intro ](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intelligentiotgatewayonopenwrt-151005163306-lva1-app6891/85/Intelligent-IoT-gateway-on-openwrt-3-320.jpg)
![© Tieto Corporation
Public
Ecosystem applications
6
„Hot today!”
Purpose build apps
[Vertical]
Ecosystem enabled apps
[Horizontal]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intelligentiotgatewayonopenwrt-151005163306-lva1-app6891/85/Intelligent-IoT-gateway-on-openwrt-6-320.jpg)
![© Tieto Corporation
Public
11
Door [un]locked
by a bug
Expensive
Information
hacked
Smart Home – concerns](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intelligentiotgatewayonopenwrt-151005163306-lva1-app6891/85/Intelligent-IoT-gateway-on-openwrt-10-320.jpg)
![© Tieto Corporation
Public
• use dynamic_debugs for bt kernel messages
• enable it from menuconfig:
• Global build settings ---> [*] Compile the kernel with dynamic printk
• check readlog –f
• check if you have all required crypto modules
30
Adding BLE support
Debugging](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intelligentiotgatewayonopenwrt-151005163306-lva1-app6891/85/Intelligent-IoT-gateway-on-openwrt-27-320.jpg)
![© Tieto Corporation
Public
CoAP over Thread – demo
44
Thread Node
CoAP_service_app
Thread Border RouterRouter – „Device Server”
libcoap-client
libcoap-server
POST
CoAP ACK
LED
GET
RESP (counter)
BUTTON Counter
IEEE 802.15.4/6LoWPAN
(Thread)
IEEE 802.11
console
coap-client -m post coap://[fd00:0ff1:ce0b:a5e0:fcc2:3d00:4:a5ee]/resources/led
cnt=$(/root/coap-client coap://[fd00:0ff1:ce0b:a5e0:fcc2:3d00:4:a5ee]/resources/button)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/intelligentiotgatewayonopenwrt-151005163306-lva1-app6891/85/Intelligent-IoT-gateway-on-openwrt-39-320.jpg)
Intelligent IoT gateway on openwrt
- 1. Public Intelligent IoT Gateway on OpenWrt Andrzej Wieczorek Bartosz Markowski
- 3. © Tieto Corporation Public IoT is big! Infinite! „Bigger than the biggest thing ever and then some. Much bigger than that in fact, really amazingly immense, a totally stunning size, "wow, that's big", time. Infinity is just so big that by comparison, bigness itself looks really titchy.” [Douglas Adams, The Restaurant at the End of the Universe] 3 replacement of standard IoT intro
- 4. © Tieto Corporation Public 4 Edge ”things” Aggregation gateways Network Access / Backhaul / Core Network Cloud / Backend / IT IoT structure
- 5. © Tieto Corporation Public Gateways role evolves (home) 5 From single application to ecosystem enabler
- 6. © Tieto Corporation Public Ecosystem applications 6 „Hot today!” Purpose build apps [Vertical] Ecosystem enabled apps [Horizontal]
- 7. © Tieto Corporation Public IoT Alliances and Consortia 8
- 9. © Tieto Corporation Public Application Layer Profiles Physical/ Link Layer (PHY/ MAC) Network Layer Transport Layer 10 Bluetooth Link Layer IEEE 802.11ac (vht rate) IEEE 802.15.4g IEEE 802.15.4 (low power) Bluetooth Host Stack (optionally 6LoWPAN) TCP / UDP IPv4 / IPv6 6LoWPAN ZigBee AllSeen OIC IoTivity LW M2M Home Kit Weave … Connectivity complexity Smart home applications
- 10. © Tieto Corporation Public 11 Door [un]locked by a bug Expensive Information hacked Smart Home – concerns
- 11. © Tieto Corporation Public Smart Home – key drivers 12 Source: http://www.icontrol.com/blog/2015-state-of-the-smart-home-report/ Personal and family security Cost savings Programming (yes!)
- 12. © Tieto Corporation Public „One to rule them all” 13 Interoperability FreedomSelf learning Scalability Intelligent IoT Gateway on
- 13. © Tieto Corporation Public Intelligent IoT Gateway concept 14 … Container Orchestration Containers VirtualizationMultiradio Linux/ mbed Gateway + + Intelligence Ecosystem enabler for horizontal applications
- 15. © Tieto Corporation Public • Platform: mid-range router / ~$100 / + we have it at home • HW: TP-LINK Archer C5 v1.20 • CPU: Qualcomm Atheros QCA9558 (720 MHz) / mips arch • RAM: 128 MiB / 16MiB Flash • Networking: Wi-Fi (dual-band / 2.4GHz 11n + 5GHz 11ac) + eth switch • USB ports • OpenWrt ready: • Target System (Atheros AR7xxx/AR9xxx) • Target Profile (TP-LINK Archer C5/C7) • Chaos Calmer, trunk r46693 16 Platform Specification
- 16. © Tieto Corporation Public 1. Prepare development environment • git clone trunk OpenWrt sources (git clone git://git.openwrt.org/openwrt.git) • from menuconfig pick target system/profile + utilities at your own preference Target System (Atheros AR7xxx/AR9xxx) Target Profile (TP-LINK Archer C5/C7) 2. Reflash the router from the TP-LINK web UI • for later easy-use it’s good to enable luci feeds in OpenWrt luci-mod-admin-full. LuCI Administration - full-featured for full control 17 Platform Deploying OpenWrt
- 17. © Tieto Corporation Public ApplicationLayer Profiles Physical/ Link Layer (PHY/ MAC) Network Layer Transport Layer 18 Bluetooth Link Layer IEEE 802.15.4g IEEE 802.15.4 (low power) Bluetooth Host Stack (optionally 6LoWPAN) TCP / UDP IPv4 / IPv6 6LoWPAN ZigBee AllSeen OIC IoTivity LW M2M Home Kit Weave … Adding PHY/MAC IEEE 802.11ac (vht rate)
- 18. © Tieto Corporation Public 19 • „Wave 2” devices • Spatial Division Multiplexing (SDM) • Advanced form of beamforming • Simultaneous AP-to-multiple- clients transmission Boosting WiFi MU-MIMO
- 19. © Tieto Corporation Public 20 • Benefits • Spectrum efficiency • improved combined DL throughput • Lower latencies • Limitations? • Clients also have to support MU-MIMO (beamformees) • Downstream only – From AP to clients (sophisticated antenna systems and signal processing) • Limited number of clients can be supported (NSS-1) Boosting WiFi MU-MIMO
- 20. © Tieto Corporation Public 22 CUS223 -> CUS239 (Compex WLE1200V5-22) PCIe
- 21. © Tieto Corporation Public 23 • PHY: Replace wifi NICs hardware • CUS223 (3x3 11ac) ---> WLE1200V5-22 CUS239 (4x4 11ac + mu-MIMO) • SW: Upgrade ath10k driver (QCA99X0 support in 4.3-rc1) • FW: ath10k 10.4.1.00007-1 Boosting WiFi MU-MIMO – upgrading router
- 22. © Tieto Corporation Public • Create your own backports package from e.g. ath.git / linux-next or …* • It’s just important to make sure the QCA99X0 support is there • Cross-compile the backports to get the wireless LKMs toolchain-mips_34kc_gcc-4.8-linaro_musl-1.1.10/initial/bin/mips-openwrt- linux-musl- • Upload (replace) the backports *.ko modules and firmware to FS, depmod etc. • Problems? • Firmware for QCA99X0 crashes during bootup on BE mach with ath10k… (under investigation) • Processing power of the QCA9558 platform (do not expect maximum performance) 24 Boosting WiFi MU-MIMO – how to
- 23. © Tieto Corporation Public Adding BLE • One of the most popular local connectivity protocols • Many small cheap multi-purpose devices • Low and ultra-low energy • Easy for building various use cases • 6LowPAN supported • IPv6 networking over BLE link • BT SIG: ISPS 1.0 • Since kernel 3.17 (OpenWrt trunk for ar71xx has 4.1 now) 25
- 24. © Tieto Corporation Public 27 CUS223 -> CUS239 (Compex WLE1200V5-22) LogiLink Bluetooth4.0 (BT0015) PCIe USB
- 25. © Tieto Corporation Public • HW: Extend AP by plugging in BLE USB dongle • SW: • Fetch and install: bluez-utils, bluez-libs, ip feeds • Enable kernel modules: kmod-bluetooth, kmod-bluetooth_6lowpan • Compile new openwrt-ar71xx-generic-archer-c5- squashfs-*.bin and flash the router 28 Adding BLE support How to do it
- 26. © Tieto Corporation Public • Consider btmgmt ctrl tool (new tool) • Check for bt0 interface now • Play around with networking interface and firewall settings for packet forwarding 29 root@OpenWrt:# modprobe bluetooth_6lowpan root@OpenWrt:# echo 1 > /sys/kernel/debug/bluetooth/6lowpan_enable root@OpenWrt:# hciconfig hci0 reset root@OpenWrt:# hcitool lescan root@OpenWrt:# echo "connect 00:1B:DC:07:32:7E 1" > /sys/kernel/debug/bluetooth/6lowpan_control} Adding BLE support How to enable it
- 27. © Tieto Corporation Public • use dynamic_debugs for bt kernel messages • enable it from menuconfig: • Global build settings ---> [*] Compile the kernel with dynamic printk • check readlog –f • check if you have all required crypto modules 30 Adding BLE support Debugging
- 28. © Tieto Corporation Public Extending with Thread • New standard designed for Smart Home/ IoT, all-in-one • mesh • IPv6 • low energy • security • First devices coming soon (beginning 2016) • Same radio as in ZigBee • Thread Group with big names: Nest, Samsung, Freescale, Qualcomm, … 31
- 29. © Tieto Corporation Public 33 CUS223 -> CUS239 (Compex WLE1200V5-22) LogiLink Bluetooth4.0 (BT0015) Freescale Freedom-K64F+ Atmel 802.15.4radio (at86rf233) PCIe USB Eth
- 30. © Tieto Corporation Public Extending with Thread How to do it • Add Thread Border Router (mbed OS) over Ethernet • Static IPv6 addressing to communicate with OpenWrt br-lan interface • Alternative way: implement Thread stack and Border Router in Linux/ OpenWrt + connect 802.15.4 radio 34
- 31. © Tieto Corporation Public 35 About Thread • Based on 802.15.4 radio, IPv6 and low power networking (6loWPAN) standard (existing IEEE and RFC documents) • Designed mainly for Connected Home apps with high impact on security aspects. • Mesh topology with No Single Point of Failure to guarantee reliability • Device types: Boarder Router, Router, REED (router-eligible end device), End Device
- 32. © Tieto Corporation Public ApplicationLayer Profiles Physical/ Link Layer (PHY/ MAC) Network Layer Transport Layer 36 Bluetooth Link Layer IEEE 802.15.4g IEEE 802.15.4 (low power) Bluetooth Host Stack (optionally 6LoWPAN) TCP / UDP IPv4 / IPv6 6LoWPAN ZigBee AllSeen OIC IoTivity LW M2M Home Kit Weave … Unifying transport IEEE 802.11ac (vht rate)
- 33. © Tieto Corporation Public IPv6 to unify 37
- 34. © Tieto Corporation Public • Fragmentation and reassembiling • 1280 bytes IPv6 packets fragmented to fit into 127 bytes 802.15.4 frames • Header compression mechanism • IPv6 header is 40bytes long! – reducing transmission overhead • Link layer packet forwarding • Thread is using IP layer routing with link layer packet forwarding 38 6LoWPAN - focus on low energy
- 35. © Tieto Corporation Public 40 Archer C7 (OpenWrt Linux) + Mbed 6LoWPAN (thread gateway router) + BLE Gateway IEEE 802.15.4/6LoWPAN (Thread) Frdm-k64f board + atmel 802.15.4 radio Client Endpoint IEEE 802.11n/ac Device Server / Connected Home App. ETH ETH BLE/6LoWPAN IPv6 networking fd00:ff1:ce0b:a5e0::1/64 fd00:ff1:ce0b:a5e0:fec2:3dff:fe04:c11f fd00:0ff1:ce0b:a5e0:fcc2:3d00:4:a5ee
- 36. © Tieto Corporation Public ApplicationLayer Profiles Physical/ Link Layer (PHY/ MAC) Network Layer Transport Layer 41 Bluetooth Link Layer IEEE 802.15.4g IEEE 802.15.4 (low power) Bluetooth Host Stack (optionally 6LoWPAN) TCP / UDP IPv4 / IPv6 6LoWPAN ZigBee AllSeen OIC IoTivity LW M2M Home Kit Weave … Selecting application layer IEEE 802.11ac (vht rate)
- 37. © Tieto Corporation Public App transfer protocols 42 CoAP CoRE IoT Web/Internet …
- 38. © Tieto Corporation Public What is CoAP? 43 “The Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) is a specialized web transfer protocol for use with constrained nodes and constrained networks in the Internet of Things. The protocol is designed for machine-to-machine (M2M) applications such as smart energy and building automation.” (res. http://coap.technology/) • Open standard • REST model (resource access) • GET, PUT, POST, DELETE, …methods to
- 39. © Tieto Corporation Public CoAP over Thread – demo 44 Thread Node CoAP_service_app Thread Border RouterRouter – „Device Server” libcoap-client libcoap-server POST CoAP ACK LED GET RESP (counter) BUTTON Counter IEEE 802.15.4/6LoWPAN (Thread) IEEE 802.11 console coap-client -m post coap://[fd00:0ff1:ce0b:a5e0:fcc2:3d00:4:a5ee]/resources/led cnt=$(/root/coap-client coap://[fd00:0ff1:ce0b:a5e0:fcc2:3d00:4:a5ee]/resources/button)
- 40. © Tieto Corporation Public Applications and containers Examples 45 Smart Home (routing, notifications, rules) Spook Home (smart home + AI) Docker Hello world Hello world
- 41. © Tieto Corporation Public AI in applications • Mining and analysis for aggregated data • Learning trends = habits • Levels of notifications based on probability • Fuzzy logic • Cost saving (water, electricity) • Security improvement • Feedback based learning • Example below 46
- 42. © Tieto Corporation Public 47 Containers OPKG Native apps packages LXC (available via feeds) …
- 43. © Tieto Corporation Public Security 50 Application Fine grained security Data aggregation and privacy protection (for cloud) Information integrity check by AI (data correlation, trends analysis etc) System Security holes like Heartblead, ShellShock or backdoors in devices Keep your system up to date - security on the level of last patch Open source Protocol Security services for link layer (auth, data integrity, confidentiality, reply protection) IP networking based security mechanisms (access control, firewalls, …) Keep to standards, e.g. DTLS (RFC6347 v1.2)
- 44. © Tieto Corporation Public Demo - „Spook House” example smart application for lighting • Light control system • Learning light usage trends • Notifications based on deviations and likeliness • Focused on cost saving (i.e. recommendations) and security (notifications when out of trend) 51
- 45. © Tieto Corporation Public • running on IOT Gateway and receives data from the IoT network sensors • monitor usage of home lights and detect unusual events. For instance if someone forgets to turn off the light. • Application gathers statistical information about how often and how long light are turned on. • Since users activity changes during the week (for instance on weekends) the algorithm takes into account not only time of day but also day of week. • Application will notice if lights in some room are turned on for unusually long time. 52 Demo - „Spook House” Description
- 46. © Tieto Corporation Public • StateTracker • Receives data in form of events about state change {"Device": "light3", "EventType": "SHStateChange", "State": "On", "Timestamp": 122848.71204376257} {"Device": "light3", "EventType": "SHStateChange", "State": "Off", "Timestamp": 123907.1497501683} • Communiate with TrendMonitor and external modules • TrendMonitor (learning) • Keeps a data base with statistics • Implements algorithm to calculate and detect unusual situations (deviations) and notify ActionManager about such. • ActionManager (learning) • Receives ‚SHActionRequests’ about deviations and makes decission on what to do with it (e.g. notify user) • Options: User feedback loop • Clock or internal interrupt to throw ‚SHtimer’ event – check the House state. 53 Demo - „Spook House” Internals
- 47. Public Wrap-up
- 49. Public Q&A
- 50. Public IntelligentIoTGatewayon OpenWrt Andrzej Wieczorek Bartosz Markowski Thank you!