Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Faculty Attitudes toward Open Educational Resources
- 1. Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Faculty Attitudes toward Open Educational Resources 28th Annual Conference of the Asian Association of Open Universities CEMCA By Meenu Sharma, Research Associate Dr. Sanjaya Mishra, Director Dr. Atul Thakur, Research Associate Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia (CEMCA), New Delhi, India
- 2. Context Review of Literature Rationale of the study Methodology for ATOER Scale Results and Analysis Implications Work in Progress 5 November 2014 2 Presentation Outline
- 3. Open Educational Resources (OER) have emerged as most innovative teaching-learning practices It facilitates sharing of knowledge; provides access to global content; allows localization Teachers' play important role in creation and dissemination of OER Digitalization has helped teachers to share their work easily, however not all teacher share their work Hence, there is need to understand their psychological determinants that influence use of OER 5 November 2014 3 Context
- 4. ATTITUDE Awareness : Lack of awareness of the OER, copyright issues, ICT skills (Mtebe & Raisamo, 2014; Jameela, 2014; Karunanayaka, 2012) Sharing of : Belief in open education, altruism, reputation Resources (Tuomi, 2013; Rolfe, 2012; Wang, & Noe, 2010) Adoption and : Free availability, ease of use, reuse, low cost Use of OER (Borthwick et al. 2014, Hussain et al, 2013; Pegler, 2012) 5 November 2014 4 Review of Related Literature
- 5. Rationale for ATOER Scale Dearth of empirical researches that follows sound methodological approaches in OER field Lack of scales to measure faculty attitude towards OER specifically for user and non-user; contributor and non-contributor Content domain specification are not explained in detail Therefore, ATOER scale was developed to identify positive and negative pre-dispositions towards OER amongst teachers 5 5 November 2014
- 6. 1. Domain Identification and Item Generation 65 items were pooled from review of literature Classified in to three main constructs-Awareness, Sharing of resources and Adoption and use of OER 26 items were selected through sorting process based on discussion with in internal team Hence, 26 items were generated and subjected to content validity 5 November 2014 6 Methodology
- 7. 2. Content Expert Validation First stage 30 experts were selected based on their experience and involvement in OER Three point scale was used to rate items by using online survey (1=Not necessary, 2= Useful, but not essential, and 3= Essential) Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was calculated (Lawshe ;1975) Second stage CVR was re-calculated combining both ‘Essential’ and ‘Useful’ (CVR E+U) (Kawachi; 2014) Third Stage 8 new items were added and divided into three construct Revised scale of 34 items subjected to judge by selected experts drawn from review 7 5 November 2014
- 8. First stage A total of 19 experts out of 30 responded Calculated CVR = -0.18 which is very less than critical value of 0.49 at p<0.05 level for 15 experts ( Lawshe; 1975) Second stage The CVRE+U of scale is calculated to be 0.62, which is more than critical value of 0.49 at p<0.05 level for 15 experts Third stage Only 4 out of 30 experts responded CVRE+U of revised scale was calculated to be 0.68, which is less than critical value of 0.99 at p<0.05 level for 4 experts 5 November 2014 8 Results and Analysis
- 9. CVRE+U was calculated combining CVRE+U of second and third stage 8 items including negative (item no. 2, 3, 13, 20, 27, 28, 29 and 34) were omitted from third stage due to low CVR value Average value of CVRE+U was calculated 0.88 which is more than critical value of 0.42 at p<0.05 level for 20 experts A final valid ATOER scale with 26 items was thus prepared 5 November 2014 9 Final Validation Stage
- 10. ATOER Scale: Content Validity Ratio Construct No. of Items CVR (E+U) AWARENESS 6 0.78 SHARING OF RESOURCES 13 0.91 ADOPTION AND USE OF OER 7 0.93 FINAL VALIDATED ATOER SCALE 26 0.88 10 5 November 2014
- 11. Implications RESEARCH : For further/future researches specifically related to attitude towards OER in different context INSTITUTIONAL : Strengthen capacity building /development activities of teachers/ others POLICY : Helps in development of appropriate policies for teachers 11 5 November 2014
- 12. Work in Progress Standardization of Research tools (reliability with other appropriate statistical analysis) Further Data collection Analysis of qualitative and quantitative data Writing research outcomes 12 5 November 2014
- 13. Thank You 5 November 2014 13
- 14. meenu@cemca.org.in smishra@col.org atul@cemca.org.in 5 November 2014 14 Its pleasure to get your response