Development of Economical Analysis and Technical Solutions for Efficient Distribution Transformers
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The document discusses developing economical and technical solutions for efficient distribution transformers. It presents an analysis of various transformer designs to minimize losses and total costs. The analysis considers design parameters like current density, insulation thickness, and magnetic induction. Design surfaces and cost surfaces are constructed to visualize the design possibilities. An optimal design is selected that maximizes cost reduction over 10 years while meeting standards and considering factors like payback period, manufacturing restrictions, and energy costs. A case study finds a potential savings of $220.90/year from a 100kVA transformer design.
![Optimal Design Related to the Time Supplying the Maximum Rated Power 23.68 1.66 4.04 10 32.52 2.17 4.34 9 25.50 0.90 4.66 8 24.87 1.93 4.67 7 28.10 0.64 4.78 6 33.42 2.01 4.84 5 29.88 1.46 4.91 4 29.84 3.03 5.35 3 30.11 2.70 5.40 2 30.36 3.15 5.60 1 33.60 4.44 5.66 0 Reduction of Load Losses [%] Reduction of No-Load Losses [%] Reduction of Total Cost [%] k](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/development-of-economical-analysis-and-technical-solutions-for-efficient-distribution-transformers888/85/Development-of-Economical-Analysis-and-Technical-Solutions-for-Efficient-Distribution-Transformers-16-320.jpg)
![Optimal Design Related to the Time Supplying the Maximum Rated Power 0.8604 51.51 2.38 4.04 10 1.1801 70.64 3.31 4.34 9 0.9125 54.36 2.02 4.66 8 0.9068 54.29 1.98 4.67 7 0.9996 59.84 3.26 4.78 6 1.2092 72.39 3.00 4.84 5 1.0757 64.40 2.49 4.91 4 1.0995 65.82 2.22 5.35 3 1.1036 66.07 2.20 5.40 2 1.1195 67.02 2.06 5.60 1 1.3248 75.09 2.50 5.66 0 Energy Saved [MWh/Year] Operational Cost Reduction per unit, [US$/Year] Pay-back, [Years] Reduction of the Total Cost [%] k](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/development-of-economical-analysis-and-technical-solutions-for-efficient-distribution-transformers888/85/Development-of-Economical-Analysis-and-Technical-Solutions-for-Efficient-Distribution-Transformers-17-320.jpg)
![Optimal Design Related to the Time Supplying the Maximum Rated Power Magnetic Induction of Silicon Steel (E004) 1.68 Watts/kg 0.016 7.73 4.45 3 0.030 8.28 2.68 2 0.035 8.84 1.94 1 0.041 8.84 1.18 0 Energy Saved [MWh/Year] Reduction of No-Load Losses [%] Pay-back, [years] k](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/development-of-economical-analysis-and-technical-solutions-for-efficient-distribution-transformers888/85/Development-of-Economical-Analysis-and-Technical-Solutions-for-Efficient-Distribution-Transformers-22-320.jpg)
![Optimal Design Related to the Time Supplying the Maximum Rated Power Magnetic Induction of Silicon Steel 1.52 Watts/kg The strong Goss orientation of grain oriented Silicon Steel is developed by secondary recrystallization. 15.46 3 16.57 2 16.57 1 17.12 0 Reduction of No-Load Losses [%] k](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/development-of-economical-analysis-and-technical-solutions-for-efficient-distribution-transformers888/85/Development-of-Economical-Analysis-and-Technical-Solutions-for-Efficient-Distribution-Transformers-24-320.jpg)
![Thank You for Your Attention MSc. Alessandra Freitas Picanço [email_address] Prof. PhD. Manuel L. B. Martinez [email_address] +55 35 3622 3546 Minas Gerais, Brazil](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/development-of-economical-analysis-and-technical-solutions-for-efficient-distribution-transformers888/85/Development-of-Economical-Analysis-and-Technical-Solutions-for-Efficient-Distribution-Transformers-30-320.jpg)
Development of Economical Analysis and Technical Solutions for Efficient Distribution Transformers
- 1. Development of Economical Analysis and Technical Solutions for Efficient Distribution Transformers Federal University of Itajubá and AES Sul Utility Company Brazil
- 2. Introduction Operational Losses: No-load and load losses; The losses are an important parameter in the evaluation of the total transformer costs: investment and operation costs ; Distribution systems: transformers are responsible for roughly one third of the total power losses ;
- 3. Introduction The proposal is to design an efficient distribution transformer: The model the supplied load for a specific region load, peak and factor, and the load increase rate; T he analysis a set of transformer designs presenting reduced losses ; The steps: recognition of the problem, construction of a set of problem solutions and search for the optimal design.
- 4. Manufacturing and Total Costs Surfaces The set of design possibilities considering manufacturing cost and total cost versus no-load and load losses .
- 5. Manufacturing and Total Costs Surfaces
- 6. Manufacturing Cost Surfaces V ariations in design parameters: magnetic induction density – no-load losses, LV winding current density and HV winding current density. Each point on the surfaces represents a transformer design. 45 kVA mineral oil three-phase Distribution transformer
- 7. Total Costs Surfaces The total cost depends on the impact of the energy costs on the no-load and load losses. Period of the day (in hours) that the transformer operates in full load condition with the same area (energy) below the load cycle profile.
- 8. Total Costs Surfaces Total cost surfaces considering variations in LV winding current density, HV winding current density and magnetic induction density.
- 9. Design Surfaces: Establishing a set of solutions The second step of this method : searching tool will try to find an optimal design; Three-dimensional matrixes are built considering the variations in the design parameters; Thickness of the conductor of the LV winding; Width of the conductor of the LV winding; Diameter of the conductor of the HV winding; Magnetic induction; Insulation thickness; Clamp dimensions; Design of the end insulation; Gap between LV and HV windings.
- 10. Design Surfaces: Establishing a set of solutions The design surfaces are based on solution sets considering variations and relation on several transformer parameters . The design has a current density of the HV winding, an insulation thickness and a magnetic induction
- 11. Optimal Design Based on the Surfaces The optimal transformer design must present reduced loss costs: the points on the total cost surfaces represent an element of the three-dimensional design matrixes .
- 12. Optimal Design Based on the Surfaces a) The first minimum cost is a random value; b) For the iteration k, in the column j, each element c(i,j,k) is compared with the minimum cost value; c) The search must satisfy the level of the no-load losses, load losses and short circuit impedance according the national or utility standards in the set of solutions; d) The payback is defined by the customer.
- 13. Optimal Design Based on the Surfaces The local minimum point results in a design in which the purchase price is not attractive to the customer. Because of this, global minimum points located between the local minimum and the costs presented by a standard transformer can be attractive economical solutions.
- 14. Optimal Design Related to the Time Supplying the Maximum Rated Power It is possible to express the concept that for each TSMP there are several efficient transformers to supply the load. Some of them have the “best” manufacturing characteristic and therefore are a logical choice. In theory this is the “optimal technical and economical solution”
- 15. Optimal Design Related to the Time Supplying the Maximum Rated Power Energy cost of 59.87 US$/MWh, Interest rate of 8% per year and 10 years analysis period.
- 16. Optimal Design Related to the Time Supplying the Maximum Rated Power 23.68 1.66 4.04 10 32.52 2.17 4.34 9 25.50 0.90 4.66 8 24.87 1.93 4.67 7 28.10 0.64 4.78 6 33.42 2.01 4.84 5 29.88 1.46 4.91 4 29.84 3.03 5.35 3 30.11 2.70 5.40 2 30.36 3.15 5.60 1 33.60 4.44 5.66 0 Reduction of Load Losses [%] Reduction of No-Load Losses [%] Reduction of Total Cost [%] k
- 17. Optimal Design Related to the Time Supplying the Maximum Rated Power 0.8604 51.51 2.38 4.04 10 1.1801 70.64 3.31 4.34 9 0.9125 54.36 2.02 4.66 8 0.9068 54.29 1.98 4.67 7 0.9996 59.84 3.26 4.78 6 1.2092 72.39 3.00 4.84 5 1.0757 64.40 2.49 4.91 4 1.0995 65.82 2.22 5.35 3 1.1036 66.07 2.20 5.40 2 1.1195 67.02 2.06 5.60 1 1.3248 75.09 2.50 5.66 0 Energy Saved [MWh/Year] Operational Cost Reduction per unit, [US$/Year] Pay-back, [Years] Reduction of the Total Cost [%] k
- 18. Optimal Design Related to the Time Supplying the Maximum Rated Power This analysis considers point (k=0) as being the “best” solution: maximum total cost reduction; A payback perspective, this is not the “best” solution: assuming that all design options are feasible for manufacturing, the final solution will be related to the utility policy. For instance, from a payback standpoint, the answer is design 7;
- 19. Optimal Design Related to the Time Supplying the Maximum Rated Power However, design 9, presents the second operational cost reduction, would also be a possible choice; Set of solutions variations on the current density of the HV winding, on the gap between the coils and on the design of the end insulation.
- 20. Optimal Design Related to the Time Supplying the Maximum Rated Power
- 21. Optimal Design Related to the Time Supplying the Maximum Rated Power Energy cost of 59.87 US$/MWh, Interest rate of 8% per year and 10 years analysis period.
- 22. Optimal Design Related to the Time Supplying the Maximum Rated Power Magnetic Induction of Silicon Steel (E004) 1.68 Watts/kg 0.016 7.73 4.45 3 0.030 8.28 2.68 2 0.035 8.84 1.94 1 0.041 8.84 1.18 0 Energy Saved [MWh/Year] Reduction of No-Load Losses [%] Pay-back, [years] k
- 23. Optimal Design Related to the Time Supplying the Maximum Rated Power
- 24. Optimal Design Related to the Time Supplying the Maximum Rated Power Magnetic Induction of Silicon Steel 1.52 Watts/kg The strong Goss orientation of grain oriented Silicon Steel is developed by secondary recrystallization. 15.46 3 16.57 2 16.57 1 17.12 0 Reduction of No-Load Losses [%] k
- 25. Optimal Design Related to the Time Supplying the Maximum Rated Power
- 26. Study Case 100 kVA Single-phase oil-immersed distribution Transformer: Pay-back = 1.4 year Saved money = 220.9 US$/year
- 27. Study Case
- 28. Conclusion The time supplying maximum rated power (TSMP) is the first parameter to be considered in the design of an efficient distribution transformer; This is related to the influence that this parameter bears on the cost of the transformer designs, mainly because it directly controls the load losses and plays an important indirect role in controlling the no-load losses ;
- 29. Conclusion The final choice must consider financial restrictions, manufacturing process restrictions and recommendations, the price of the main transformer commodities, the utility internal policy and governmental energy saving regulations, all of which are normally conflicting issues and therefore must be properly balanced.
- 30. Thank You for Your Attention MSc. Alessandra Freitas Picanço [email_address] Prof. PhD. Manuel L. B. Martinez [email_address] +55 35 3622 3546 Minas Gerais, Brazil