Dewatering process and control in building projects
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Dewatering is the process of controlling groundwater levels during construction by pumping water out of excavation sites. There are several techniques used for dewatering including pumping methods like sump pumping, well points, and deep wells. Exclusion methods prevent water from entering sites using techniques like ground freezing, sheet piling, slurry trench cut-off walls, and grouted cut-offs. The appropriate dewatering method depends on factors such as ground permeability, excavation size and depth, and proximity to existing structures. Common pumping techniques are sump pumping, well points, and deep wells which use pumps in shallow wells, closely spaced shallow wells, or widely spaced deep wells respectively. Exclusion methods form impermeable
Dewatering process and control in building projects
- 1. Dewatering Process and Its Techniques in Building Projects GROUP THREE
- 2. Definition Dewatering is defined the process or term for the control of ground water by pumping to lower ground water level to allow excavation to be done in a dry and stable condition Also known as Construction Dewatering in Construction Sites
- 3. Causes of Surface Water on Construction Sites Water which accumulate in trenches on the construction sites due to Rain Washing of Plants Water table close to surface Concreting
- 4. Factors affecting the choice of dewatering methods The nature and permeability of the ground. The extent of the area to be dewatered The depth of the water table below ground level and the amount by which it has to be lowered. The proposed methods of excavation and ground support The proximity of existing structures, the proximity of water courses
- 5. Dewatering Techniques Pumping Methods • Sump Pumping • Shallow well pumps • Well points • Deep wells Exclusion Methods • Ground Freezing • Sheet filling • Slurry trench cut-off walls with bentonite • Impervious soil barrier • Grouted cut-offs
- 6. Sumps and sump pumping Water is collected in deeper parts of the excavation (called sumps) and pumped away Advantage Simple and cheap method of dewatering in favorable ground conditions Disadvantage The sump takes up space within an excavation Can lead to water pollution problems due to silt-laden water
- 7. Well Point System A line or ring of small diameter shallow wells (called well points) installed at close spacing (1 to 3 m centres) around the excavation. Commonly used for dewatering of pipeline trenches Advantage Can be a very flexible and effective method of dewatering in sands or sands and gravels Disadvantage Drawdown limited to 5 or 6 m below level of pump due to suction lift limits
- 8. Deepwells System Wells are drilled at wide spacing (10 to 60 m between wells) to form a ring around the outside of the excavation An electric submersible pump is installed in each well. Advantage Effective in a wide range of ground conditions, sands, gravels, fissured rocks Disadvantage Drawdown limited only by well depth and soil stratification
- 9. Shallow Wells Shallow-bored wells are suitable for sandy gravels and water-bearing rocks for depths not in excess of 5 meters and the principle upon which they operate is similar to that of the well point system. Advantage It is used to extract large quantities of water from a single hole Disadvantage The limiting depth to which this method is employed is about 8 m
- 10. Ground Freezing Freezing process involves the circulation of a coolant through a series of pipes inserted into the ground so as to solidify the soil water into ice creating a strong impermeable barrier Advantage The method is suitable for all types of subsoil with a moisture content in excess of 8% of the voids The method will give the soil temporary extra mechanical strength Disadvantage it can cause ground heave especially in clays and silts
- 11. Sheet Piling around the Excavation The method is used to form a barrier or cut-off wall to the flow of groundwater. The sheet piling can be of a permanent nature, being constructed to act as a retaining wall, or it can be a temporary enclosure to excavation works
- 12. Eductor System (Grout Injection) Grouts of all kinds are usually injected into the subsoil by pumping in the mixture at high pressure through tubes adequately spaced apart depending on the type of grout and the nature of soil Advantages Effective in stabilising fine soils (silts, silty sands) by reducing pore water pressures Suitable when well yields are low Disadvantages Drawdown generally limited to 25 to 30 m below pump level Some grouts are only able to reduce the permeability of the soil but will not increase the soil’s stability
- 13. Thank you for your attention GROUP THREE