Diagnostic Test of Diabetes & Hypothyroidism
- 1. Diagnostic Tests of Diabetes & Hypothyroidism Presented By- Simran Kaur
- 2. • Diabetes, often referred to by doctors as diabetes mellitus, describes a group of metabolic diseases • In which the person has high blood glucose (blood sugar), either because insulin production is inadequate, or because the body's cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both • Prediabetes means that your blood sugar level is higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as diabetes
- 4. • Type 1 DM results from the pancreas's failure to produce enough insulin. • Type 2 DM begins with insulin resistance, a condition in which cells fail to respond to insulin properly • Gestational Diabetes is the third main form and occurs when pregnant women without a previous history of diabetes develop high blood sugar levels
- 5. Diabetes Tests & Diagnosis • Your health care professional can diagnose Diabetes, Gestational and Prediabetes, through blood tests. The blood tests show if your blood glucose, also called blood sugar, is too high.
- 6. What tests are used for diagnosis? • Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) -This blood test is taken in the morning, on an empty stomach. • Random Plasma Glucose (RPG)- This blood test can be taken anytime during the day, without fasting. • Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) -The OGTT measures blood glucose after you fast for at least 8 hours • A1C test- This is a blood test that provides your average levels of blood glucose over the past 3 months.
- 7. The following table helps you understand what your test numbers Diagnosis A1C (percent) Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) Random plasma glucose test (RPG) Normal below 5.7 99 or below 139 or below Prediabetes 5.7 to 6.4 100 to 125 140 to 199 Diabetes 6.5 or above 126 or above 200 or above 200 or above
- 8. How to test blood sugar at home ? • A blood glucose monitor, testing strips, and a lancet to draw the blood are all necessary for testing. Some testing kits offer all three, while others require purchasing each piece separately. • People should consider the cost of testing strips as well as the monitor itself, since people with diabetes use many testing strips
- 9. Working for Glucometer • Current glucometers use test strips containing glucose oxidase, an enzyme that reacts to glucose in the blood droplet, and an interface to an electrode inside the meter. • When the strip is inserted into the meter, the flux of the glucose reaction generates an electrical signal • The glucometer is calibrated so the number appearing in its digital readout corresponds to the strength of the electrical current: The more glucose in the sample, the higher the number
- 10. • Hypothyroidism, also called underactive thyroid or low thyroid, is a common disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone
- 11. What are Thyroid Hormones & Where it is located ? • Thyroid hormones are produced by the thyroid gland. This gland is located in the lower part of the neck, below the Adam's apple • The thyroid gland uses iodine (mostly available from the diet in foods such as seafood, bread, and salt) to produce thyroid hormones. • The two most important thyroid hormones are thyroxine (tetraiodothyronine or T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3)
- 13. Diagnosis Test for Hypothyroidism The diagnosis of hypothyroidism, when suspected, can be confirmed with blood tests measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine level • In Overt primary hypothyroidism, TSH levels are high and T4 and T3 levels are low. • Subclinical hypothyroidism is a milder form of hypothyroidism characterized by an elevated serum TSH level, but with a normal serum free thyroxine level TSH T4 Interpretation Normal Normal Normal thyroid function Elevated Low Overt hypothyroidism Normal/low Low Central hypothyroidism Elevated Normal Subclinical hypothyroidism
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