Diction, Figures of Speech, and Language Variation
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This document discusses various literary devices used in creative writing including diction, figures of speech, and language variation. It defines diction as word choice and discusses denotation and connotation. Figures of speech are phrases that use non-literal meanings like similes, metaphors, and personification. Language variation examines how languages change over time and place, including World Englishes and the three concentric circles of English. The document provides examples and exercises to help understand and apply these concepts.
Diction, Figures of Speech, and Language Variation
- 2. Topic 2 TOPIC: DICTION Learning Competency: Use imagery, diction, figures of speech, and specific experiences to evoke meaningful responses from reader.
- 3. Topic 2 Topic 2 Diction - refers to the word choice an author makes. DENOTATION -dictionary definition. CONNOTATION -tone of a word. Example: Aroma vs. Stench They both mean “a smell” or “an odor”. DENOTATION Dictionary Definition do not have the same tone. CONNOTATION The room have a nice, pleasant aroma. The room have a nice, pleasant stench. The locker room have a gross, nasty aroma. The locker room have a gross, nasty stench. 1 2 1 2
- 4. Topic 3 Topic 2 1. Selective vs. Picky 2. Mob vs. Crowd 3. House vs. Home Direction: Compose one sentence in each of the following words given above that fits on it and identify its denotation and connotation. ASSESSMENT: TOPIC: FIGURES of SPEECH Learning Competency: Use imagery, diction, figures of speech, and specific experiences to evoke meaningful responses from reader.
- 5. Topic 3 Topic 3 Figures of speech - is a word or phrase using figurative language—language that has other meaning than its normal definition. In other words, figures of speeches rely on implied or suggested meaning, rather than a dictionary definition. There are common figures of speech that used: 1. Simile -a comparison using “like” or “as”. Ex.: You are beautiful as an angel. 2. Metaphor – a comparison in which one thing represents another. Ex.: You are the apple of my eye. Sample: 1. Sheena likes apple. 2. Sheena is like an apple. Ex.: The classroom was a zoo. 3. Personification – is when an object which is not alive is given human qualities. Ex.: Cats hate mouse. 4. Irony – is when a statement made is directly contradictory to the reality. Sarcastic. Ex.: The flowers nodded. 5. Hyperbole - a deliberate exaggeration for dramatic effect. Ex.: He's running faster than the wind. Ex.: The clouds are crying. Ex.: Human love problems. Ex.: These high heels are killing me.
- 6. Topic 3 Topic 3 Topic 3 6. Apostrophe – addressing a thing as if it were a person or imagery person as if he were present. Ex.: "Twinkle, twinkle, little star, how I wonder what you are". 7. Oxymoron - is a term which feature two words which appear to contradict each other but make sense of the situation overall. Ex.: Deafening silence. Definitely maybe. Ex.: “Love, who needs you?” Direction: Find the figures of speech in the poem “Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? (Sonnet 18) by William Shakespeare. Copy the line and identify its type. ASSESSMENT: Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st, Nor shall death brag thou wand'rest in his shade, When in eternal lines to Time thou grow'st.
- 7. Topic 4 Topic 3 TOPIC: LANGUAGE VARIATION Learning Competency: Use imagery, diction, figures of speech, and specific experiences to evoke meaningful responses from reader. Language variation -is the study of how languages change time to time, place to place, class to class, and society to society. World Englishes (WE) – stands for the localized varieties of English as they are used or spoken in certain areas. Ex. In our county we have TAGLISH “3 Concentric Circles of Asian Englishes” attributed to Kachru presents the three circles: 1. Inner Circle with ENL (English as a native language) member countries. These are USA, Australia, UK, New Zealand, Canada. 2. Outer Circle with ESL (English as a second language) member countries. These are Bangladesh, Kenya, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Ghana, Malaysia, Philippines, Tanzania.
- 8. Topic 4 Topic 4 3. Expanding Circle with EFL (English as a foreign language) member countries. These are China, Indonesia, Korea, South Africa, CIS, Caribbean Countries, Israel, Nepal, South America, Egypt, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan. “3 Concentric Circles of English” 1. Acrolect – standard variety of language which the educated speakers use. 2. Basilect – substandard use of language - Language variety different from the standard variety, a language used by the least educated people of society. 3. Mesolect – in between of acrolect and basilect. - Use of unofficial or informal language which are used by unique people. Edulects – results from certain types of education ascertained by social class. - used by higher income families. With respect to lexicon, there are vocabulary words peculiar only to some English varieties in Southeast Asia as: 1. Singapore English: actsy (show off), missy (nurse), chop (rubber stamp), graduate mothers (graduate/well- educated married woman who are encouraged to have more children and accorded certain privileges in Singapore as compared to non- graduate mothers. 2. Philippine English: stick (cigarette), high blood (tense or upset), blow out (treating someone with a snack or meal), motel ( a hotel used for premarital or extramarital affairs).
- 9. Topic 4 Topic 4 3. Malaysian English: antilog (a male hated by a girl), popcorn (a loquacious person), slambar (relax), red spot and open shelf (girls who are popular and those who are not). When it comes to variation, the term genre, register, and style are often encountered. >Register – associated with the organization of situation >Style – refers to the degree of formality attached to a particular interpersonal social situation which is reflected by differences in language. >Genre – associated more with the organization of culture. You should be aware of and recognize intercultural communication as you need to be sensitive to the people around you who belong to different cultural heritages and have their own linguistic identity. If you encounter them, you be able to avoid misunderstanding, avoid communication breakdown, and overcome language barriers with less difficulty since you are exposed to their own language features. This way, you will be able to enhance your personal and social interaction.
- 10. Topic 4 Topic 4 Why do we need to study certain words? It help us to expand our vocabulary of when should we use that certain word that our receiver perceive it well. VALUES INTEGRATION: ASSESSMENT: Direction: List 3 English words that we use in our country that we put different meaning on it to its original meaning and write down also our different meaning of that word.
- 11. Topic 4 Topic 4 Create your own short paragraph describing yourself using imagery, diction, figures of speech, and language variation. Make a table in identifying the imagery, diction, figures of speech, and language variation you use in your short paragraph. Put it in a long bond paper. NOTE: YOUR CREATIVITY MATTERS. PERFORMANCE TASK: