Different Processes in Separating and Purifying Substances and Mixtures.docx
- 1. 1. Different Processes in Separating and Purifying Substances and Mixtures: a. Decantation - the process of separation of liquid from solid and other immiscible (non-mixing) liquids, by removing the liquid layer at the top from the layer of solid or liquid below. Examples: separating of oil and water separating dirt and water separating kerosene and water separating gasoline and water separating milk and cream separating blood and plasma b. Filtration - is a process used to separate solids from liquids or gases using a filter medium that allows the fluid to pass through but not the solid. Examples: Filtration of Tea or Coffee using a Seive. Separation of chalk powder and water from their solution. Vacuum cleaners Filtration of sand particles from water or chalk powder. Blood filtering in kidneys c. Centrifugation -methods of separation where mixture is separated through spinning. Examples: Removing fat from milk to produce skimmed milk. Separating water from textiles. Removing water from lettuce after washing it in a salad spinner. Separating particles from an air-flow using cyclonic separation. d. Crystallization - is a method of separating a solid from its liquid solution in the form of pure crystals. It is a technique for purification of the substances. It is a technique that separates a solid from its solution. Examples: Salt Harvesting Crystallization of water to form ice cubes Crystallization of honey placed in a jar Formation of stalagmites and stalactites
- 2. e. Distillation - is an effective method to separate mixtures that are comprised of two or more pure liquids. Distillation is a purification process where the components of a liquid mixture are vaporized and then condensed and isolated. Examples: purification of alcohol, desalination, crude oil refining making liquefied gases f. Evaporation - is a technique used to separate out homogeneous mixtures that contain one or more dissolved salts. Examples: Puddles outside disappearing, Clothes drying on a line, The water level going down in a cup, Steam from a hot shower or bath, Using a hairdryer, Ironing clothes by heating moisture, Floors and cars drying after cleaning, g. Chromatography - is the separation of a mixture by passing it in solution or suspension, or as a vapor through a medium in which the components move at different rates. Examples: Food coloring in food Separating dyes
- 3. 10 compounds: 1. Water – H20 2. Salt - Sodium Chloride (NaCl) 3. Ammonia – NH3 4. Methane – CH4 5. Carbon Dioxide – CO2 6. Hydrochloric acid – HCl 7. Table sugar - Sucrose - C12H22O11 8. Simple sugar - Glucose- C6H12O6 9. vinegar - ethanoic acid- CH3COOH 10. lactose - C12H22O11