digestivesystempartsandfunction-090729111619-phpapp02.ppt
- 1. Learning Competency Explain ingestion, absorption, assimilation and excretion. S8LT-IVa-13
- 2. Review In Grade 6, the students learned how the different organ systems work together. In Grade 7, they were introduced to the levels of organization in an organism of which, organ systems but a part. In Grade 8, the students will learn not just the structures of certain organ systems that work together but also the processes they undertake to keep the state of balance in organisms.
- 3. Digestive System Parts and Function
- 4. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM -is one of the important organ systems of an organism. It is responsible for the breakdown of foods which are made up of nutrients and can be converted into an energy.
- 5. Four Major Functions of the Digestive System 1. ingestion of food 2. digestion of food 3. absorption of nutrients 4. elimination/excretion of waste materials
- 6. Ingestion -the process of taking food, drink, or other substance into the body by swallowing or absorbing it.
- 7. Digestion/Assimilation -the process by which food is broken down into smaller components that our body can absorb to nourish its cells.
- 8. Two Phases of Digestion 1. Mechanical/Physical phase happened when the food is broken down into smaller pieces in the process known chewing and mastication. The action of the digestive juices, such as saliva in the mouth and the gastric juice in the stomach, lubricate and soften the food.
- 9. Two Phases of Digestion 2. Chemical phase happened when food is acted upon by chemical substances called enzymes that are secreted together with the digestive juices and the saliva. These enzymes converted the food into their simplest equivalents which the body cells can utilize.
- 10. Digestive Enzymes a. Salivary amylase (starch into maltose) b. Pancreatic amylase (completes the digestion of carbohydrates to produce glucose) c. Protease (the breakdown of proteins into amino acids.
- 11. Absorption -the process or action by which one thing absorbs or is absorbed by another.
- 12. Excretion -the process of eliminating or expelling waste matter.
- 15. Mouth or oral cavity- is the beginning of the digestive tract, the teeth, mechanically break down food that is mixed with saliva. The food is pushed about by the tongue; the tongue’s taste buds provide the pleasurable sensation of taste.
- 16. Pharynx (throat)- is the portion of the alimentary canal that carries the swallowed food product to the esophagus.
- 17. Esophagus — The food product is carried further through the canal by peristalsis into the stomach. No digestion takes place in either the pharynx or the esophagus. The lower esophageal sphincter (LES), or cardiac sphincter, relaxes to allow food into the stomach; it then contracts, preventing the backup of stomach contents.
- 18. Stomach A stretchy bag that holds your food after you eat Helps to break food into smaller pieces so your body can use it for energy and nutrition
- 19. Small Intestine Tube that is 20 feet long. Continues to digest food Food stays in your small intestine for 4 to 8 hours
- 20. The duodenum is the first segment of the small intestine. It’s largely responsible for the continuous breaking-down process. The jejunum and ileum lower in the intestine are mainly responsible for absorption of nutrients into the bloodstream. Digestion is completed also in the small intestine.
- 22. Gall Bladder Storage tank for bile (a greenish-yellow liquid) that helps your body break down and use fats Located under your liver Shaped like a pear
- 23. Gall Bladder
- 24. Liver Factory for antibodies and bile Stores vitamins and sugars until your body needs them
- 25. Liver
- 26. Pancreas Helps you digest food by breaking down sugars
- 28. Large Intestine Muscular tube that is 6 feet long Gets waste from small intestine Waste stays for 10 to 12 hours
- 30. Rectum- a straight, 8-inch chamber that connects the colon to the anus. It receives stool from the colon. Anus- the end part of the digestive tract. It is a 2- inch long canal consisting of the pelvic floor muscles and the two anal sphincters (internal and external) where our stool or feces expelled.
- 35. Healthy Habits Eat foods that are high in fiber like fruits and vegetables
- 36. Drink plenty of water
- 37. Chew your food completely before you swallow
- 38. Avoid foods high in fat
- 39. Avoid smoking and drink less alcohol
- 41. Reduce stress in your personal life
- 42. Interesting Facts Food is in your digestive system for about 24 hours
- 43. Your stomach stretches when you eat like a balloon being filled with air
- 44. You have a trap door called the epiglottis to cover your windpipe when you swallow.
- 45. Your stomach mashes your food the way a baker kneads dough for bread.