![The LP (from "long playing"[1] or "long play") is an analog sound storage medium, a vinyl record
format characterized by a speed of 33 1⁄3 rpm, a 12- or 10-inch (30 or 25 cm) diameter, and use
of the "microgroove" groove specification. Introduced by Columbia in 1948, it was soon adopted
as a new standard by the entire record industry. It has since remained the standard format for
vinyl albums.
The LP was soon confronted by the "45", a 7 -inch (180 mm) diameter fine -grooved vinyl record
playing at 45 rpm. It was introduced by RCA Victor in 1949. To compete with the LP, boxed
albums of 45s were issued, along with EP (Extended Play) 45s, which squeezed two or even three
selections onto each side. Despite these ef forts, the 45 succeeded only in replacing the 78 as
the format for singles.
The popularity of the LP ushered in the "Album Era" of popular music, at the beginning of the
1960s, as performers took advantage of the longer playing time to create coherent themes or
concept albums. Although the popularity of LPs began to decline in the late 1970s with the
advent of Compact Cassettes, and later compact discs, the LP survives as a format to the present
day
WHAT IS AN LP?](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/digipacktimeline-180205224448/85/Digipack-timeline-7-320.jpg)
Digipack timeline
- 2. • A digipack is a type of packaging for CD’s usually made from paper and cardboard with internal plastic segments designed for holding one or more discs. Folded in a method that resembles a book; this is called a gatefold. Usually contains leaflets, with lyrics, and photographs within the case. WHAT IS A DIGIPACK?
- 3. Digipack’s became popular in the 2000s after being developed amongst record labels. They were the first successful alternatives to jewel cases. They were originally owned by IMPAC Group Inc. In 2000 MeadWestvaco MWV purchased the company which then also later folded into AGI Media. In 2010 MeadWestvaco sold AGI Media to Atlas Holdings. In 2012 Atlas Holdings purchased Shorewood packaging and combined the two together to form AGI-Shorewood. HISTORY OF DIGIPACKS
- 4. A jewel case or Optical disc packaging is the packaging that accompanies CD’s, DVD’s and other formats of optical discs. Most packaging is rigid or semi-rigid and designed to protect the media from scratches and other types of exposure damage. WHAT IS A JEWEL CASE?
- 5. The Digipak’s aim is to promote the artist and sell the physical album. The Digipak must have a consistent ‘house style’; this may include colour, font and imagery. The design and content must not only be consistent throughout the product itself but also with affiliated products which together make up the brand of the artist; this includes the music video and website. The Digipak’s style should also clearly reflect the genre of music that the artist belongs to. The Digipak must be of very high quality as it is a relatively expensive product (in comparison to cd’s or mp3’s); and so should be presented as an attractive luxury/novelty product. The Digipak must be ergonomic; it’s design should make the product as easy and pleasant to use for the audience as possible - this may be achieved through the use of cut outs, tabs and pockets, and an easy to follow layout. Many Digipacks are constructed to reflect the subliminal message’ to the audience, particularly a message that is also conveyed by the music itself. In our final product we aspire to conform to as many of these conventions as possible in order to ensure that our product is engaging with its target audience and also has an effective layout so that it is comparable to other digipacks made before it CONVENTIONS OF A DIGIPACK
- 6. Digipacks are less common than Jewel case CD’s in the present day and are only used for special editions of albums or for singles. Due to only being made of cardboard and plastic digipacks are more likely to become damaged and show signs of general wear and tear unless they are stored in safe places They are also more environmentally friendly as they are made from materials that can all be recycled ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF DIGIPACKS
- 7. The LP (from "long playing"[1] or "long play") is an analog sound storage medium, a vinyl record format characterized by a speed of 33 1⁄3 rpm, a 12- or 10-inch (30 or 25 cm) diameter, and use of the "microgroove" groove specification. Introduced by Columbia in 1948, it was soon adopted as a new standard by the entire record industry. It has since remained the standard format for vinyl albums. The LP was soon confronted by the "45", a 7 -inch (180 mm) diameter fine -grooved vinyl record playing at 45 rpm. It was introduced by RCA Victor in 1949. To compete with the LP, boxed albums of 45s were issued, along with EP (Extended Play) 45s, which squeezed two or even three selections onto each side. Despite these ef forts, the 45 succeeded only in replacing the 78 as the format for singles. The popularity of the LP ushered in the "Album Era" of popular music, at the beginning of the 1960s, as performers took advantage of the longer playing time to create coherent themes or concept albums. Although the popularity of LPs began to decline in the late 1970s with the advent of Compact Cassettes, and later compact discs, the LP survives as a format to the present day WHAT IS AN LP?
- 8. The Compact Audio Cassette (CAC) or Music cassette (MC), also commonly called the cassette tape or simply tape or cassette, is an analog magnetic tape recording format for audio recording and playback. It was released by Philips in 1 9 63, having been developed in Hasselt, Belgium . Compact cassettes usually come in two forms, either already containing content as a pre -recorded cassette, or as a fully recordable "blank" cassette. Both forms are reversible by the user. Compact Cassettes contain two miniature spools, between which the magnetically coated, polyester - type plastic film (magnetic tape) is passed and wound . These spools and their attendant parts are held inside a protective plastic shell . Although the birth and growth of the cassette began in the 1960s, its cultural moment took place during the 1 9 70s and 1 9 80s. The cassette's popularity grew during these years as a result of being a more effective, convenient and portable way of listening to music Some musicians and DJs in the independent music community maintain a tradition of using and releasing cassettes due to its low cost and ease of use . In 2 0 16, retail chain Urban Outfitters, which had long carried Vinyl LPs, started carrying a line of new pre-recorded cassette tapes along with blank cassettes and players featuring both new and vintage albums. WHAT IS A CASSETTE?
- 9. Compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format that was co -developed by Philips and Sony and released in 1982. The format was originally developed to store and play only sound recordings but was later adapted for storage of data (CD - ROM). Standard CDs have a diameter of 120 millimetres (4.7 in) and can hold up to about 80 minutes of uncompressed audio or about 700 MiB of data. The Mini CD has various diameters ranging from 60 to 80 millimetres (2.4 to 3.1 in); they are sometimes used for CD singles, storing up to 24 minutes of audio. From the early 2000s CDs were increasingly being replaced by other forms of digital storage and distribution, with the result that by 2010 the number of audio CDs being sold in the U.S. had dropped about 50% from their peak; however, they remained one of the primary distribution methods for the music industry. In 2014, revenues from digital music services matched those from physical format sales for the first time WHAT IS A CD?
- 10. LP EXAMPLE 1 The vinyl LP for Bjőrk’s album ‘Debut’ (1993) conforms to the conventions of a digipack and other musical formats due to its cohesive use of colour scheme and font. For example we see the consistent use of the sepia toned colour scheme that features the artist gazing directly into the camera and directly addressing the audience. It is also reflective of the pop music genre as the artist is shown to be wearing casual clothing and minimal makeup, this is therefore presenting the artist as ‘stripped down’ and vulnerable so that they appear more vulnerable and ‘human’ to their fans that follow their musical career.
- 11. LP EXAMPLE 2 The front cover shows Madonna with short-cropped platinum hair, wearing a number of black rubber bangles on her hands and a dog chain around her throat. Her navel is also prominent on the inner sleeve of the album. The album was re-released in 1985 for the European market and re-packaged as Madonna: The First Album with a different artwork created by photographer George Holy. The cover features Madonna in similar style of dress to the original cover but this time with crucifix as her earrings. Madonna's trademark style was catching on as a fashion statement among club kids and fans, with her crucifix accessories becoming the jewellery of the moment. This shows that the album was perceived by its audience to be iconic and the first of its kind as Madonna is well known for being provocateur.
- 12. CASSETTE EXAMPLE The cassette for Bjork's album ‘Post’ (1995) conforms to the conventions of its genre due to its use of bright colours and direct address so that the audience feels as if they are able to interact with the artist by buying this cassette and listening to this artist music. The bright colours also make it visually appealing and can also convey a subliminal message that relates to the album or that the audience will be able to relate to.
- 13. EXAMPLE 1 The Digipack for Kelela’s album ‘Take Me Apart’ (2017) conforms to the conventions of digipacks due its consistency and house style. For example we see the the use of the colour red throughout this digipacks artwork, which in relation to Barthe’s semantic codes has the connotations of love and lust. The album’s title also has some sexual connotations and this might be why the artist has chosen this colour to be used in the album’s artwork. There is also the use of gold which has connotations of wealth and luxury which links to the idea associated with this album of celebrating femininity and womanhood which is shown in these photographs as the female artist is being presented in a regal fashion.
- 14. CD EXAMPLE 2 The digipack for Rihanna’s album ’Anti’ (2016) conforms to the conventions of a digipack due to its use of artwork and colour. For example we see the same image from a variety of different angles and some prints that feature images of the artist. These are also all printed on glossy paper that feels luxurious so that the audience will feel as if they are getting a luxury item that is worth the more expensive price they have paid for this digipack, that is designed for those who are loyal fans of this artist.