Digital image processing questions
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This document contains questions related to a digital image processing assignment. It includes 30 short questions and 25 long questions covering various topics in digital image processing such as image formation, resolution, sampling, filtering, color models, transformations, compression, and applications. The questions assess concepts such as image classification, components of an image processing workstation, steps in an image processing application, storage requirements, and transmission times for images. Filtering techniques like spatial filtering and morphological operations are also covered.
![sharpen an image.
Q12.What do mean by spatial filtering ? Give an example of a spatial filter.
Q13.What types of filters are used for image sharpening ?
Q14.What is digital image processing? Explain the fundamental steps in digital image processing
.Q15.Discuss the importance of adaptive filters in image restoration system. Highlight the working of
adaptive median filters
Module-2(Assignment No-2)
SHORT QUESTIONS
Q.1 Consider the image point [2,2].Perform the following operations and show the results of these
Transforms.
1. Translate the image right by 3 units
2. Perform a scaling operation in both x-axis and y-axis by 3 units.
3. Rotate the image in x-axis by 45∞.
4. Perform horizontal skewing by 45∞.
5. Performing mirroring about x-axis.
6. Perform shear in y-direction by 30 units.
Q.2Perform subsampling on the following image.
3 3 3 3
9 9 9 9
3 3 3 3
9 9 9 9
Q.3
Consider the following binary image .Show that the results of the dilation and erosion operations.
0 1 2
0 0 0 1](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/digitalimageprocessingquestions-141029055825-conversion-gate02/85/Digital-image-processing-questions-4-320.jpg)
Digital image processing questions
- 1. Module-1(Assignment No.-1) Digital Image Processing Q.1 What is an Image ? Q.2What is the goal of digital image processing? Q.3 What is meant by resolution ? Q.4 What are the ways in which images can be classified? Q.5What are the classes of image processing ? Q.6What are the components of an image processing workstation ? Q.7 Provide a brief survey of image processing applications. Q.8Explain the steps in an image processing application. Q.9 what is the storage requirement of a1024´1024 , 8-level grey scale image? Q.10 Consider a colour1024´1024 image .If the this image is transmitted across a channel of 2 Mbps, what will be the transmission time ? Q.11What is meant by sampling and quantization ? Q.12What is the difference between uniform and nonuniform sampling and quantization ? Q.13What is the result of poor quantization effect? Q.14What is meant by pixelizationerror? Q.15 what is meant by contrast? Q.16 Define resolution. Q.17 What is MTF ? Q.18 What is meant by temporal aliasing? How can you control it? Q.19 What is difference between CCD and CMOS ? Q.20 What is meant by dithering ? Q.21 What is the need of file format? Q.22 Explain in detail the simple image model.
- 2. Q23.How do you characterize MTF? Q24.Explain the components of a digital camera. Q.25 An object is 20 cm wide and is imaged with a sensor of size 8.8×6.6 mm from a distance of 0.3m.What should be the required focal length? Q.26 Assume that a 20 m high structure is observed at a distance of 25 m. What is the size of the retinal image ? Q.27 Consider the image F= .Construct the matrix of order 4×4.Apply zero-hold and the linear interpolation techniques for the ordered dithering. Will the results remain the same? Q.28 Let V={0,1}.Compute De,D4,D8, and Dm distances between two pixels p and q be(3,0) and (2,3) Respectively,for the image shown below (Sample image) Find the distance measures. Q.29 Consider the following two images. F1= F2=
- 3. Perform addition, subtraction,multiplication,division, and image blending operations. Assume both the images are of the 8-bit integer type. Q.30 Consider the following two images F1 = F2 = Perform the logical AND,OR,NOT,and difference operations. LONG QUESTIONS Q1.Mention about the different stages of image processing and analysis scheme and explain. Q2.Write the different applications of image processing. Q3.Explain different image formation models. Q4.Explain the properties of perspective projections in the context of geometric model. Q5.Explain how image enhancement is achieved using gray level transformation and using logical operations. Q6.Suppose a digital image is subjected to histogram equalization.Show that the second pass of histogram equalization will produce the same result as the first pass. Q7.What is histogram based processing? Describe how histogram equalization improves the image Quality? Q8.What does the standard deviation of a histogram tell us about the image? Q9.Name few techniques used for image enhancement in spatial domain.How histogram equalization helps in enhancing the image? Explain. Q10.What do you mean by mask and mask based filtering? Explain how it can be used to smoothen and
- 4. sharpen an image. Q12.What do mean by spatial filtering ? Give an example of a spatial filter. Q13.What types of filters are used for image sharpening ? Q14.What is digital image processing? Explain the fundamental steps in digital image processing .Q15.Discuss the importance of adaptive filters in image restoration system. Highlight the working of adaptive median filters Module-2(Assignment No-2) SHORT QUESTIONS Q.1 Consider the image point [2,2].Perform the following operations and show the results of these Transforms. 1. Translate the image right by 3 units 2. Perform a scaling operation in both x-axis and y-axis by 3 units. 3. Rotate the image in x-axis by 45∞. 4. Perform horizontal skewing by 45∞. 5. Performing mirroring about x-axis. 6. Perform shear in y-direction by 30 units. Q.2Perform subsampling on the following image. 3 3 3 3 9 9 9 9 3 3 3 3 9 9 9 9 Q.3 Consider the following binary image .Show that the results of the dilation and erosion operations. 0 1 2 0 0 0 1
- 5. 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 1 Q.4 Bring out the difference between spatial domain and frequency domain image enhancement approaches. Q.5 What is the difference between image enhancement and image restoration? Q.6 Whatis the use of repeated application of low-pass or high-pass filter to an image? Q.7 What is a high-boost filter?Explain with an example.why do we not prefer higher-order derivative filters? Q.8 What would be the effect of repeated application of histrogram equalization to an image?Is this repeated operation helpful in anyway? Q.9 What is unsharp masking? Q.10 Is there any advantage of frequency domain filter over spatial filters?why? Q.11 Design a Gaussian mask for any two sigma values. Q.12 What is the effect of size and shape of the mask on the filtering process? Q.13 What is the advantages and disadvantages of the wiener filter? Q.14 Explain the concept of algebraic image restoration. Q.15 What is meant by distortion? How will you characterize it? Q.16 Distinguish between the terms logical compression and physical compression. Q.17 what is the entropy of tossing a coin and rolling a dice? Q.18 Does the Huffman scheme always give the same code?what is meant by prefix property? Q.19 How do pattern substitution methods help compression? Q.20 What is the need of vector quantization? Q.21 What is the theoretical justification of transform coding? Why does it work well? Q.22 Distinguish between zonal and threshold mask. Q.23 Give a mathematical model of a digital image. Q.24 Write the steps involved in converting colors from RGB to HSI and vice-versa. Q.25 What are the Linear and Nonlinear operations of images? Q.26 What are 4-connectivity and 8-connectivity? Q.27 Explain what is primary and secondary color. Q.28 Explain trichromatic co-efficient. Q.29 Differentiate between binary image, grayscale image and color image.
- 6. Q.30What are the advantages of color image processing over other processing? LONG QUESTIONS Q1.Explain about median and morphological filtering . Q2.What are the various types degradation in image that affects the processing ? Describe how Mean Square Error restoration helps in removing the degradation in image . Q3.What is an order-statistic filter? Explain any two such filters for image restoration and compare their relative merits and demerits. 4. What is the advantage of converting an image from spatial domain to frequency domain? Explain properties of 2-D Fourier transform. 5. What do you mean by wavelet and multiresolution processing? What is the main advantage of wavelet transform over other transformations? Design a 4×4 Haar transformation matrix 6) What are the advantages of wavelet transformation over other transformations? Briefly describe Series expansion of multiresolution processing. 7) Explain the concept of sampling and quantization of an image. 8) Give a mathematical model of a digital image. Briefly describe the components of an image processing system. 9) Design the mask by using the 2nd derivatives (Laplacian operator) for image enhancement. 10) Explain the importance of image restoration process in image processing. Explain any four important noise probability density functions. Module -3 SHORT QUESTIONS Q.1Explain intensity slicing. Q.2Explain, what is digital image . Q.3What is the difference between digital image and analog image? Q.4 What do you mean by image negatives? Q.5 Differentiate between Histogram equalization and matching. Q.6 What is additive and subtractive color? Q.7 What is the difference between Full-color and Pseudo color image processing? Q.8 Explain chromaticity. Q.9 Explain what do you mean by gray level? Q.10 What is the difference between Adjacency and Connectivity of two pixels?
- 7. Q.11 What do you mean by brightness of an image? LONG QUESTIONS 1) Discuss different types of filters which we can used for restoration of an image in the presence of noise in spatial filtering. 2) Briefly describe the use and implementation of wavelet transforms in 2-dimensions. 3) What do you mean by multiresolution processing? Briefly describe wavelet functions. 4) What is image enhancement? Briefly describe some basic gray level transformation which we can use in image processing. 5) Write Short Notes (on any four) a) Image Pyramids b) LZW coding. c) RGB color model d) Coding Redundancy e) Erosion and Dilation f) Color slicing. g) Sub-band coding h) Bit-plane coding i) Interpixel redundancy j) Image restoration k) CMY and CMYK color model l) Opening and Closing.
- 8. 6) Explain pseudocolor image processing in brief. 7) Discuss the importance of adaptive filters in image restoration system. Highlight the working of adaptive median filters. 8) Explain and compare ideal low pass filter and Butterworth filter in image smoothing. 9)What you mean by multi resolution analysis of images ? Describe sub-band coding. 10)Give a brief idea about Wiener filtering. 11)Give a detailed description of homomorphic filtering approach for image enhancement. 12)What are the different color models used in image processing? Explain in detail.Give the conversion formula between RGB to HSI model and vice versa. Module-3(Assignment No.-3) Short Questions 1.Why color image processing is required? 2. What are the areas of color image processing? 3. Define “Safe RGB colors”. 4. How to convert a color image to a grey scale image and vice versa? 5. What is the need for gamma connection ? 6. What is meant by a color model? Why is it necessary? 7.List the color models. 8. Explain in detail how the color models are converted to each other. 9. What is the need for color transformation ? 10. What is the need for color quantization? 11. What is meant by tonal and color correction? 12. What is meant by color segmentation ? 13. What is grey level ? 14. What are the basic quantities to describe the quality of a chromatic light source?
- 9. 15. Define “Pseudo-color Image Processing”? 16. Define “ Image Slicing”. 17. Define “Intensity Slicing”. 18. Define “color slicing”. 19. Consider the RGB cube; describe how the gray levels vary in R, G, and B primary images that make up the front face of the color cube. 20. Show that the saturation component of a color image can’t be computed from the saturation component of the i/p image alone. 21. Derive the CMY transformations to generate the complement of a color image. 22. Assume the monitor and printer of an image system is imperfectly calibrated. An image that looks balanced on the monitor appears yellowish in print. Describe general transformations that might correct the imbalance. 23. How would you implement the color equivalent of gray scale histogram matching? 24. How wavelet transform is different from Fourier transform? 25. Write short notes Multispectral Image Processing. 26.Write the properties of two dimensional DFT. 27. What is meant by distortion? How will you characterize it? 28. Distinguish between the terms logical compression and physical compression. 29. What is the entropy of tossing a coin and rolling a dice? 30. Does the Huffman scheme always give the same code? What is meant by prefix property? 31. How do pattern substitution methods help compression? 32. What is the need of vector quantization? 33. What is the theoretical justification of transform coding? Why does it work well? 34. Distinguish between zonal and threshold mask. 35. Define “image compression”. 36. What are the applications of data compression ? 37. Define “relative data redundancy”. 38. What are the redundancy observed in the image compression ? 39.Differentiate between data compression and bandwidth compression. 40. Define”entropy coding”. 41. Write the “Huffman coding Algorithm”. 42.Define” “Run-length coding”.
- 10. 43.Define coding redundancy, Interpixel redundancy, psychovisual redundancy, interpixel redundancy. 44. List out the types of compression technique. 45. Define lossess compression, lossy compression. 46. What are the modes of JPEG. 47. Mention the frames of MPEG. 48. What kind of compression would be suitable for medical diagnostic ? 49. What is “blocking artifact” in DCT –based image compression scheme? 50. Write a short note on ”Dilation” operation. 51. Write a short note on ”Erosion” operation. 52. Find the relation between “dilation” and “erosion”. 53. Give the short notes on “opening”. 54. Give the short notes on “closing”. 55. Find the relationship between opening and closing. 56. Write the properties of the opening and closing. 57. What is the role of morphology in image processing? 58. What are the multiple ways of finding dilation and erosion for the binary images? 59. What is a structuring element? 60. What is a hit-or-miss transform ? 61. The combined operation of erosion followed by dilation is called an opening operation. Are not these operations the reverse of each other and hence restore the original image? Justify. 62. What is boundary extraction ? 63. What is the difference between outlining and boundary? 64. What is a morphological gradient ? 65. What is the difference between thinning and thickening ? 66. What is a top-hat transform ? 67. What is meant by distance transform? 68. What is morphological processing ? 69. What is Image Morphology ? 70.Explain dilation operation in the context of image processing. LONG QUESTIONS 1. What are different color models used in image processing? Explain them in detail. Give the conversion
- 11. formula between RGB to HIS model and vice versa. 2. Write short notes on HSI and RGB color model. 3. What is meant by pseudo-coloring? For what purpose is it useful? Explain how a colored image can be Obtained? 4. What are the tristimulus in color image processing.Explain HIS color model. 5.What do you mean by multiresolution analysis of images? Describe sub-band coding. 6. Obtain the Haar transform matrix for N=8. 7. What do you mean by redundancy in image compression? Explain how redundancy can be minimized. 8. Differentiate between lossy and lossless compression. Explain about different types of redundancy in the context of image compression . 9. What is morphological image processing? Explain different morphological algorithms. 10. What do you mean by wavelet and multiresolution processing? What is the main advantage of wavelet transform over other transformations? Design a 4×4 Haar transformation matrix. 11.What are the advantages of wavelet transformation over other transformations? Briefly describe Series expansion of multiresolution processing. 12.Write short note on the following a) Sub-band coding b) Bit-plane coding c) Interpixel redundancy d) Image restoration e) CMY and CMYK color model.