Disaster and development training at grf
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1) The document discusses the relationship between disaster, development, and reducing disaster risk through sustainable development. 2) It provides an overview of key concepts like the disaster management cycle, disaster risk governance, and integrating development approaches into disaster risk reduction. 3) The document emphasizes the importance of taking an interdisciplinary, participatory approach to disaster risk reduction through building local resilience and well-being.
Disaster and development training at grf
- 1. Disaster and Development: implications and applicationsPart of a Short Course on Reducing Risks and Managing Disasters: the Integrated Approach23rd - 30th May, 2010GRF Davos Risk Academy, SwitzerlandDr. Andrew CollinsDisaster and Development Centre (DDC)Northumbria Universityandrew.collins@northumbria.ac.ukwww.northumbria.ac.uk/ddc
- 2. Overview of SessionDisaster and Development in the risk cycleImplications and applications of disaster risk assessment in development, and sustainable development in disaster risk reductionRecovery planning and decision making: getting development out of disasterQuestions and Discussion2D & D Implications and Applications
- 3. Why Integrate Disaster and Development?‘to understand disasters in development and development in disasters’... which includes implications and applications in fields such as for example:community based disaster reductionhealth centred disaster risk reductionsocial resilience, adaptation and wellbeingdisaster response and sustainable development... amongst others.3Disaster and Development Centre
- 4. MORE DEVELOPMENT ORIENTEDpreparednessrehabilitationearly warningPREVENTIONRESPONSErecoverymitigationreliefMORE EMERGENCY ORIENTEDDisaster Management Cycle and DevelopmentSource: Collins, A.E. (2009) Disaster and Development, Routledge p.27
- 5. Disaster Risk Governance5Influences on a risk governance cycleUncertaintyStakeholder politicsKnowledge integrationCommunicationMeasurementKnowledge/understandingPerceptionDisaster ThreatRisk reductionRisk transferRisk ownership /responsibilityInstitutional learningInvestment in researchInvestment in legislation
- 6. Resilience Through Local Governance6Individual BehaviourPoliticalWillKnowledge and TechnologyUnderlying influences on (successful) disaster reduction initiativesEducationEducationEducationSource: Collins, A.E. (2009) Disaster and Development, Routledge p.151
- 7. The relationship between disaster impact, uncertainty and risk reductionD & D Implications and Applications7Unstable Disaster Threat Uncertainty reduced, commitment to change neglectedPotential ImpactIdealised risk reductionCertainty accompanied by moral and political changeUncertainty accepted, vulnerability reducedResilience established, uncertainty managedMore stable threatUncertainty
- 8. Disaster Risk Governance8Interdisciplinary Knowledge BaseHard ScienceSoft ScienceNon-ScienceArt - Faith – CulturePolitics
- 9. D & D Approaches and Methods include those based on the following disaster reduction perspectives:Hazards
- 10. Vulnerability
- 11. Multileveled
- 12. Ecological
- 14. Risk
- 15. Perception
- 16. From the bottom and from the top, from within and without
- 17. ...Disaster Risk Governance10Disasters Risk Governance isCost Effective if it is:TimelyTransferableAdaptableA Sustainable Investment
- 18. Disaster Risk Governance11Disaster Risk Governance Essentials are therefore that;People are Empowered to Act (capable, equipped, and sanctioned)Responses to risk are relative to Age, Gender, CultureRisk avoidance is a RightIt is localisedand participatoryIt motivates enhancedpersonal responsibility
- 19. Disaster Risk Governance12Further Features of‘Good Disaster Risk Governance’Informed - by ongoing real or perceived threats of the governedPractitioner orientated – guided by a perpetual interpretation and review processProactively engaged – including with hazards, vulnerability, and coping to facilitate resilienceLessons learnt - through evaluation before, during and after risk reduction activitiesRelated to localised knowledge - made relevant through grounded researchPeople centred - driven and motivated disaster assessment that is multidisciplinary, integrated and perpetually reassessedInvested – where there is the political will, institutional and personal commitment to disaster reduction and sustainable development!
- 20. The simplified view of how to put risk reduction into development and development into disaster risk reductionRisk = Probability of an Event x Magnitude of the eventRisk = Hazard (probability) x Loss (expected) Preparedness (loss mitigation)Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability CapacityDisaster risk = Unsustainable Development Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment risk = Disaster Risk Sustainable Developmenti.e. Disaster Risk Reduction = Sustainable DevelopmentD & D Implications and Applications13
- 21. Recovery is about turning negative processes positiveCritical Findings for Application in D & D
- 22. PovertyEnvironmental DegradationFor Example: A Human Environmental LinkFigure: Generalised hypothesis on the link between poverty and environmental degradation
- 23. Poverty income
- 24. basic needs
- 25. capabilitiesMarginalisation Dependent on:- Gender, Age, (Dis)ability, Location, Civil rights and representationHumanitarian DisasterConflictMajor or Rapid Environmental EventEnvironmental Changeeconomic
- 26. physical
- 27. social (includes culture, faith and behaviour)An integrated poverty and environment view of humanitarian disastersSource: Collins, A.E. (2009) Disaster and Development, Routledge p.73
- 29. basic and extended needs
- 30. capabilitiesInclusion and Reduced VulnerabilityRespecting of:- Gender, Age, (Dis)ability, Location, Rights and representationDisasterReduction- risk management- emergency preparedness- resilience, capacity and copingConflict MitigationEnvironmental Change- economic stability- environmental sustainability- social cohesion and securityIdealised reversal of poverty, environment and disasters processesSource: Collins, A.E. (2009) Disaster and Development, Routledge p.75
- 31. Paradigmatic Shift:From integrated vulnerability to integrated wellbeingHealth: - nutrition- water, sanitation and clean air, pathogen avoidance and control- shelter and energy - health care and longevityBiological Susceptibility:- malnourishment- exposure to hazardous environments and pathogens- lack of medicine and health careWellbeingVulnerabilityResilience: - coping - capacity- adaptability and creativity- social, economic cultural capitalHuman Security: - rights - access to resources - representation - empowermentInsecurity: - displacement - abuse- denied access to resources- lack of a voice or representationMental Impairment: - lack of education- loss of skills, ideas and options - entrapment and dependency - cultural isolationIntegrated Wellbeing for Our Communities
- 32. Example - Health Security and Risk ReductionHealth, a complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing = ‘resilience’
- 33. Improved health reduces disaster
- 34. Self care as part of local health security
- 35. From disease risk reduction to integrated health risk management19Resilience Through Local Governance
- 36. HPathogensPathwaysVPlacesPeopleNotional differentiation between hazards (H) and vulnerability (V)PoliticsPerceptionsExample: Health Ecology Approach to Infectious Disease Risk Reduction, for Health Security at Global, Community and Individual Levels20Source: Collins, A.E. (2009) Disaster and Development, Routledge p.136
- 37. Some concluding points for the discussion: identifiable from decades of disasters researchThere are many ways of interpreting events that may be defined as disasters.
- 38. No disaster is ‘natural’ in terms of the association between disasters and development.
- 39. Disasters, disaster reporting, and disaster and development institutions have increased in recent decades.
- 40. Disaster prevention and response alters the impact of disasters on development, and appropriate development can reduce disasters.Examples of Underlying Ongoing QuestionsIn what way is it not inevitable that there are major disasters?What might be the possibility of achieving development targets, such as Millennium Development Goals (MDG), through disaster reduction?What are the best routes for the delivery of development and relief?In relation to an extreme disaster or development issue, what are the differences in applying needs, vulnerability, capacity, coping or resilience assessments?What new evaluation criteria might disaster risk reduction need to address?To what extent is learning from development informative of learning from disaster?
- 41. Examples of underlying ongoing questionsHow can resilience be best enhanced at the community level?
- 42. Is there evidence of the need for new forms of local risk and resilience governance, or similar, or are we really looking at small adjustments to existing societies using existing community routines?
- 43. What is an appropriate balance of individually driven motivation to risk manage versus structurally motivated interventions.23Resilience Through Local Governance
- 44. Further Examples of Ongoing QuestionsTo what extent can disaster reduction be improved by people changing their behaviour or by a reformulation of institutional structures (closely linked to the previous question)?What applications are there for disaster and development approaches as part of climate change adaptation? What do you consider to be the meaning of disaster in terms of human development and security?How might good risk governance become a universal right?What gives you a sense of wellbeing, and how might you engage this in the interests of disaster reduction and sustainable development?
- 45. Resilience Through Local GovernanceExamples of Overall Disaster and Development Research Conclusions – ‘Getting Development out of Disaster’People are resilient to disasters by interacting with and adapting to hazards, managing risks, demanding rights and securing livelihood niches.
- 46. The application of supporting governance contexts can harness people’s capacity to manage risks and threats, regenerate societies and enhance community resilience.
- 47. Offset disaster risk with investment in local wellbeing.
- 48. Knowledge alone puffs up, but charity or love edifies or builds up.25
- 49. Disaster and DevelopmentAndrew E. CollinsBook (2009)26D & D Implications and ApplicationsRoutledge Perspectives on Development