![47 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r
“ B R O T H E L C H I L D ”
a series of laminated cartoons depicting the life of a sex worker, which ends in penury
and shame, in comparison to that of a woman with an education, who funds her
retirement after a career as a school teacher.
“Our children see an easy cash flow here,” Parul tells them. “And they don’t have any
alternative vision. But if we motivate them to go to school, they can take care of us in
later life. If a child gets out of the brothel, they can get a job and take you away as
well. They can get jobs that are respectable and live somewhere where people won’t
know you as a sex worker.”
She holds up another card, depicting several accomplished Bengali women. “We
should motivate our daughters with stories of successful women, like Begum Roquia,”
she says, pointing to the Muslim feminist writer whose science fiction short story,
Sultana’s Dream, depicts a futuristic world where women take over after an
enormous, futile war fought by men. Female scientists discover how to control the
climate and build flying cars, while men are kept in seclusion. It was written more than
a century ago.
At the end of Parul’s presentation, I ask whether the women would like to nominate
any practical initiative that would help them achieve their own dreams for the future.
There is a brief silence, then their voices rise and several crowd around me. “They
are saying this brothel is no place to live and the children need to get out,” Nazmul,
the interpreter, says. “And they are asking you to take their children away.”
Vee-see-tor!!” dozens of tiny faces line the fence of the MMS early childhood
development centre, as the cry goes up to alert those playing tag nearby that a new
distraction approach. It is mid-afternoon, and several hundred children have
assembled for “education support”, a classroom-based program for brothel children
who remain ostracised from mainstream schools, or need tutoring to support their
efforts within it. Meanwhile, their younger siblings, who attend the early childhood
program, linger to play and sing. Crucially, the centre’s activities extend into the
evening, giving the children a respite from the pumping music and grinding flesh that
proliferate behind Daulatdia’s grim walls, just metres away.
“It’s out of control in there,” says 12-year-old Banna, softly-spoken in her neat, blue-
and-white uniform. “I don’t like my mother’s profession. She understands I don’t want
to be involved there and they [MMS] tell her she should try to protect me.”
Everyone knows Banna has reached a critical point. As puberty approaches, her body
is becoming more enticing to visiting men – and more attractive as an income source
for her ageing mother who, like almost all brothel workers, has no retirement savings,
no pension and no access to public healthcare. Fortunately, Banna is able to board
with her older sister Ria, 22, who was educated with support from Save the Children,
and is now married.
“After school, I visit my mother,” Banna says. “She sees no escape for herself but
now she is trying to help me. I tell her I’m an average student – but I’m hoping to
become a doctor.”
There was a time when Save the Children did something very similar to what the
women in Parul’s life skills group requested, establishing a “safe house” for girls who
wanted to flee the brothel. “But the problem with building institutions like that is the](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dissertationcomplete-24-03-2020-200326154303/85/Protective-facilities-to-promote-protective-environment-for-the-Brothel-Children-47-320.jpg)
![48 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r
“ B R O T H E L C H I L D ”
children keep coming, while the underlying issues don’t change,” explains Flanagan.
Instead, now the focus of the agency, and other charities like it, is to help the workers
themselves run education and childcare programs, as well as a “Safe Space” for
children within the brothel.
Staffed around the clock by sex workers who are trained and paid for their shifts, the
neat little room is tucked just a few steps beyond one of Daulatdia’s busiest
thoroughfares, a rare and orderly oasis amid the brothel’s tangle of human flesh. It is
here that I discover Faith, as delicate and watchful as a sparrow, who hopes that
while Safe Space represents a temporary escape for its young visitors, it might also
herald a permanent one for her. “I told [MMS] I would take any kind of job to get out
of here, and here they are giving me new training,” she says quietly. “I want to have
a better life.”
Educated in a conservative religious madrassa, and paired to a violent man in an
arranged marriage when she was just 15 years old, Faith had no idea what a brothel
was when she arrived in Daulatdia via a now-familiar route.
“I needed to get away from my husband because he was beating me every day,” she
explains. “So, when a woman said she could get me domestic work, I took my baby
and went with her … It was only when the landlady started bringing men to the house
and I saw the other girls with them, that I worked it out. I started shouting, saying I
didn’t want to be here and I was going to leave.”
Faith’s voice trails away as she pulls up the shirt of her son Nabeeh, now six years
old, to reveal an angry scar that extends from his hip to his ribcage. “She picked up a
hot frypan and burnt him in my arms. He was 23 days old. Then
she said if I tried to leave, she would kill him – and me, too.”
And so, like Shumi, Faith tucks her hope away behind veiled eyes and waits for her
chance. But unlike Shumi, she has a support network now and is slowly building a life
raft from her new skills.
“It is hard outside, even for girls who we help with vocational education and jobs,”
says MMS executive director Morjina Begum.
Last year alone, the collective removed 22 underage workers from Daulatdia, as part
of an ongoing awareness and intervention program aimed at stamping out underage
sex work within the brothel. “But without training, it is almost impossible. They come
back and we can’t stop them if they say they are over 18 years old and they want to
be here. They are alone out there and this is what they know.”
It takes a long time to retreat from the doors to hell. But at a drop-in service for
street sex workers in Dhaka, we find Shumi. Having escaped Daulatdia, she was
reluctant to work in a factory, or anywhere else where she felt she might again be
trapped.
“The money is better [on the street] and I decide,” she says defiantly. She can’t
imagine the future, but she says she has a plan of sorts. “I want to leave this
profession when my son Shawon is four or five years old, so he never has to face any
comments about me, about what I do.” Now, she pays an elderly woman to care for
him at night, while she sells sexual services for 100 to 300 taka.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dissertationcomplete-24-03-2020-200326154303/85/Protective-facilities-to-promote-protective-environment-for-the-Brothel-Children-48-320.jpg)
![50 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r
“ B R O T H E L C H I L D ”
cycle rickshaws waiting to take the men back to the quayside when they have
finished. Bangladesh isn’t the only country with entire villages devoted to
prostitution. In Cambodia there’s the notorious Svay Pak, and there are Indonesian
villages that house 600 prostituted women at a time. The extraordinary thing about
Daulatdia is its size and its unexpectedly open atmosphere. Turning down an
alleyway, I am directed past a piece of fabric draped across a doorway and find
myself in the middle of someone’s room. A post-coital client is enjoying a
cigarette, and hurriedly ties a sarong around his waist, scuttles off the bed and
away. There’s a TV, a DVD player, a fan and a glass cabinet containing clothes.
This is one of the better rooms. The woman who rents it can afford to employ a
cook - a retired prostitute who is crouching outside in the narrow alleyway,
preparing a chilli omelette.
3.6 The Business of Sex Slavery
In the next cubicle I meet Parveen, who is happy to show me around. Her double bed
is covered with a bright sunflower-patterned throw and she has cut hundreds of tiny
holes in the dark red fabric that hangs as a wall behind her bed, giving the impression
of fairy lights. She says it’s not hard to find clients. “It’s OK because I groom myself
well. I spend two hours getting ready and then I wait outside. If I want to earn 100
taka [75p] I have to spend at least 40 taka on my face and clothes.” One hundred
taka buys two big bottles of Coke. Parveen is in her 20s, so her fee is lower than for
some; the underage girls can earn as much as 10 times this amount.
As an independent prostitute, Parveen can keep any remaining money once she has
paid the high electricity charges, her rent and the cost of childcare in a local village.
“I left my two children outside the brothel because I don’t want them to grow up in this
environment.” Yet more than 300 children do live inside the brothel with their mothers,
kept under the bed or outside with the cook when a client arrives. The women I meet
tell me that whenever they’re pregnant, they hope for daughters who can join them
working in the brothel as soon as they are old enough. The bonded prostitutes, known
as chukri, have the least freedom. Their average age on entering the brothel is 14;
they have usually been kidnapped by gangs, sold by stepmothers, or lured here by
boyfriends with promises of good jobs. I meet a bonded woman who is dressed in a
pretty red sari. She tells me that she must see three or four clients each day and then
another during the night. “I’ve been here 10 years after I was trafficked and someone
sold me. I’m from Chittagong, a port far away from here.” She pauses and then says:
“I’m really not happy.” After a fixed period of time, bonded women can buy their
freedom. She hopes to do so within the next year or two. No longer a slave, she would
in theory be free to leave. But despite the fact that she was kidnapped, her family
won’t have her back because of the shame associated with her job, so the most likely
outcome is that she will stay here and become an independent prostitute. In the
brothel hierarchy, those who are bonded have the least freedom, but even those who
chose to come here tell me that they felt they had no alternative. In research at this
brothel in 2005, the humanitarian organisation Terre des Hommes found the main
reasons for entering the brothel to be poverty, deception, abuse and coercion.
Parveen arrived 10 years ago to escape from a husband so abusive that it was worth
the risk of meeting violent clients here, she says. “I was married, but my husband
violated me so often that in the end I couldn’t bear it anymore, so I came here.”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dissertationcomplete-24-03-2020-200326154303/85/Protective-facilities-to-promote-protective-environment-for-the-Brothel-Children-50-320.jpg)
![60 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r
“ B R O T H E L C H I L D ”
Daulatdia, in Bangladesh, is one of the largest brothels in the world - a village of 1,600
women who sell sex to 3,000 men every day. As Claudia Hammond found, it is a
punishing place that few will ever leave. Arriving at the port of Goalundo Ghat, you
would never guess that it houses a brothel visited by 3,000 men every day. It is a
dusty town filled with long queues of trucks, shops with corrugated iron roofs lining
the main street either side of an old railway line, and men, boys and the occasional
goat strolling around. Walk just a few paces down a tiny side street, though, and you
come to another world entirely: Daulatdia, the biggest brothel in Bangladesh. A
settlement big enough to count as a village in its own right, this mass of alleyways is
where 1,600 women and girls live and sell sex.
The brothel opened 20 years ago, making it the newest and largest of the 14
recognized brothels in the country. It is set on the meeting point of two vast rivers, the
Jamuna and the Ganges (known locally as the Padma), which makes this a very busy
place to catch a ferry. Trucks carrying rice, jute, sugar cane and fish from the west
and south-west of the country queue here for two or three days at a time to cross the
river for the drive to the capital, Dhaka. In Bangladesh on a BBC World Service boat
to look at the impact of climate change, I was surprised to find that an unexpected
consequence of rising water levels is the growth in demand for prostitution. River
erosion has meant the closure of some ferry berths, so men wait even longer to cross
the river. And, while they wait, many of them pass the time in the company of Dau-
latdia’s women. The brothel feels like
a vast street markets. There are lines of fruit and vegetable stalls, tea stands and
even a TV repairer. The only immediately visible difference between this and all the
other small towns I’ve visited in Bangladesh is the presence of so many women in
public. These alleyways hold 2,300 single-story rooms with corrugated iron ceilings
and cloth walls. Late morning is the peak time for business, and there is a long taxi
rank of cycle rickshaws waiting to take the men back to the quayside when they have
finished.
Bangladesh isn’t the only country with entire villages devoted to prostitution. In
Cambodia there’s the notorious Svay Pak, and there are Indonesian villages that
house 600 prostituted women at a time. The extraordinary thing about Daulatdia is its
size and its unexpectedly open atmosphere. Turning down an alleyway, I am directed
past a piece of fabric draped across a doorway and find myself in the middle of
someone’s room. A post-coital client is enjoying a cigarette, and hurriedly ties a
sarong around his waist, scuttles off the bed and away. There’s a TV, a DVD player,
a fan and a glass cabinet containing clothes. This is one of the better rooms. The
woman who rents it can afford to employ a cook - a retired prostitute who is crouching
outside in the narrow alleyway, preparing a chilli omelette.
The next cubicle I meet Parveen, who is happy to show me around. Her double bed
is covered with a bright sunflower-
patterned throw and she has cut hun-
dreds of tiny holes in the dark red fabric
that hangs as a wall behind her bed,
giving the impression of fairy lights. She
says it’s not hard to find clients. “It’s OK
because I groom myself well. I spend
two hours getting ready and then I wait
outside. If I want to earn 100 taka [75p]
I have to spend at least 40 taka on my
face and clothes.” One hundred taka
buys two big bottles of Coke.
Fig 3.8: She prepare herself for evening client](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dissertationcomplete-24-03-2020-200326154303/85/Protective-facilities-to-promote-protective-environment-for-the-Brothel-Children-60-320.jpg)
Protective facilities to promote protective environment for the "Brothel Children"
- 1. BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE Protecting facilities to promote protective environment for “BROTHEL CHILD” By IFTEKHARUL ALAM SHAZAL ID-201012011023 Supervised By Ar Iqbal Habib, Ar Nurur Rahman Khan, Ar Khandoker Tariqul Islam, Ar Sabbir Wadud Shohan Ar Nahian Zobaid
- 2. 2 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Executive Summary The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze the recent social position of the “Brothel Children” as well as the 5 basic needs which were absence for the Children of “Fallen Angel”. The reason behind this project “I always wondered why somebody doesn’t do something about that, I realized I will be somebody” The Aim of this Project, to ensure Every nation have must 5 Basic needs. The target of this Project, 1st of all Social awareness, then ensure Interaction Between “Biological Mother” after that hardly ensure education and the safe home for the children. This Project is strongly recommended Social Integration and empower the Brothel Children including the social community children. So, I want to create “A Corridor” Between the children of Social and Brothel Community where the project is successful for ensuring the 5 Basic needs as well as empowering the children. The study concludes that along with the services by the social workers, the importance of the governmental supports is also significant for this marginalized people. Without support of the government there is a possibility to have threat to be banned this social work actions by the social and religious power. The government needs to be more responsible to recognized this issue.
- 3. 3 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Acronyms AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics BSAF Bangladesh Shishu Adhikar Forum CBOs Community Based Organizations CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discriminations Against Women CSEC Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children CWC Child Welfare Council DSS Department of Social Services ECPAT End Child Prostitution, Child Pornography and Trafficking of Children for Sexual Purposes FGD Focus Group Discussion GoB Government of Bangladesh HIV Human Immune Deficiency Virus ILO International Labor Organization MOWCA Ministry of Women and Children Affairs NCLEP National Child Labor Elimination Policy NPA National Plan of Action for Children PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper STI Sexually Transmitted Infections SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation STD Sexually Transmitted Disease STI Sexually Transmitted Infections TdH-NL Terre des Hommes - Netherlands UN United Nations UNCRC United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child UNFPA United Nations Populations Fund UNICEF United Nations Children Fund UNIFEM United Nation Development Fund for Women UNDP United Nation Development Program Glossary Badha Babu One male sex partner who believed to be lover of one prostitute Majar Grave of religious leaders Masi Women who owns bonded sex workers in brothel Mastan Miscreants, troublemaker Nosta Spoiled Nosta Meye Spoiled girl due to rape, prostitution or illegitimate sex Salish Alternative Dispute Resolution or resolution at the community Level Chukrees Newcomers young prostitutes
- 4. 4 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Acknowledgements At the very beginning of acknowledgement, I am deeply indebted to almighty Allah. All the success and achievement that I have till now in my life is the grace of almighty Allah upon me. Till now I have achieved in my life it’s all because of Allah. I would also like extend my deepest gratitude to my parents, because of them only I am here in this Universe. They had spent their hard work and efforts on me to put me in a position where I am now at present. I cannot forget to thank my better half, Zerin Akter Shampa who always there to support and nurture me. A grateful acknowledgement should also go to my design studio facilities, Ar Khandokar Tariqul Islam, Ar Sabbir wadud Shohan, & Ar Nahian Zobayed sir. These people gave me encouragement and made my project successful with valuable advice and suggestion. There were some of my favourite architects, I would like to thank and recognize assistance that I receive from Ar Iqbal Habib sir, Ar NR Khan sir, Ar Bikash Saud Ansari sir. Last but not the least I very much appreciate the unwavering support that was provided by my junior. They are Kamal, Simi 17th batch, Tarin 18th batch, Shamim, Naim, Rose 23rd batch, Rashed, Piash, Riyad 24th batch.
- 5. 5 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Table of Contents Point Description Page Executive Summary 02 Acronyms 03 Acknowledgements 04 List of figures 08-11 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 12-20 1.1 Background of the Project 13-14 1.2 Project Brief 14 1.3 Project Introduction 14-17 1.4 Methodology 17 1.5 Needs and Aims 18-19 1.6 Research Site 19 1.7 Importance of the project in local regional national context 19-20 CHAPTER 2: Site Analysis 21-33 2.1 About the Site, Doulatdia 22-23 2.2 Site Location 23 2.3 Why this site has been chosen? 24 2.4 Road Networking 25 2.5 Site Surrounding 26-28 2.6 Vegetation of the site 29 2.7 Topography 29 2.8 S.W.O.T analysis 30 2.9 Climatic condition 31 2.10 Sun path diagram 32-33 CHAPTER 3: Literature review 34-64 3.1 History of Prostitution 35-37 3.2 Born into Brothel 39-40
- 6. 6 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 3.3 Daughter of the Brothel 42-49 3.4 Doulatdia Women 49 3.5 Riverside Brothel 49-50 3.6 The Business of sex slavery 50-58 3.7 No place to go 59-62 3.8 Paper cutting 62-64 CHAPTER 4: Case Study 65-96 4.1 SOS Children Village, Dhaka 68-70 4.2 SOS Children Village, Bogra 71-78 4.3 SOS Youth village, Mirpur 79-84 4.4 Hermann Gmainer School 85-88 4.5 Banchta Shekha 89-90 4.6 SOS Children village Chittagong 91 4.7 SOS Children village Rajshahi 91 4.8 SOS Children’s village Anuradhapura, Srilanka 92-96 CHAPTER 5: Program (development) 97-101 5.1 Detail Program analysis 98-101 5.2 Total build area calculation 101 CHAPTER 6: (Design Phase) Conceptual analysis 102-115 6.1 Concept Development 103-105 6.2 Target from The Study and Analysis 105 6.3 Zoning (conceptual) 106 6.4 Plan Development Phase-1 106 6.5 Phase-2 107 6.6 Phase-3 107 6.7 Phase-4 108 6.8 Phase-5 108-112 6.9 Design Development Space Design in details 113-115
- 7. 7 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” CHAPTER 7: Final Design 116-143 7.1 Functional Zoning 117 7.2 Master Plan 118 7.3 All Elevation & Section 119 7.4 Detail Section 120 7.5. a Admin Block (1st floor Plan) 121 7.5. b Admin Block (Roof Plan) 122 7.5. c School Block (1st Floor Plan) 123 7.5. d School Block (Roof Plan) 124 7.5. e Boys Dormitory Block 125 7.5. f “Shishu niketon” and Healthcare Centre 126 7.5. g Family House Cluster (Type-B) 1st floor 127 7.5. h Family House Cluster (Type-B) Roof top 128 7.6 Perspective view of the Project 129-139 7.7 Model Photographs 139-143 Conclusion 144-145 References 146-148
- 8. 8 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” List of figures Fig 1.1: Ecological model of influences on development Fig 2.1: Rajbari on Map Fig 2.2: Map of Rajbari District Fig 2.3: Land use map of Rajbari District Fig 2.4: My Site Beside the Biggest Doulatdia Brothel Fig 2.5: Road with in site (Google map) Fig 2.6: Entry point of the site Fig 2.7: View from the site to the Brothel Fig 2.8: Goalondo Railway station Fig 2.9: Night view Goalondo Station Fig 2.10: connecting road Fig 2.11: Existing Condition of the Site Fig 2.12: Graveyard for the Brothel Fig 2.13: Existing Health Complex Fig 2.14: Safe Home by KKS NGO Fig 2.15: Seasonal crops land Fig 2.16: vacant land Fig 2.17: Earthquake zone map Fig 2.18: Topographical Map Fig 2.19: Climate graph weather by month Rajbari Fig 2.20: Average temperature rajbari Fig 2.21: Sun path diagram on the SIte Fig 3.1: Sex worker wait in a corner shop to dance for clients Fig 3.2: Sex workers cover the faces while waiting for customers Fig 3.3: Underage sex worker Sonia prepares her room for evening clients Fig 3.4: Underage sex workers Bristi waiting in the alleyways for customers Fig 3.5: Underage sex worker Sonia prepares for her evening clients Fig 3.6: Young girls doing the washing in the back of the brothel that also serves as a graveyard for prostitutes. Fig 3.7: Underage girl waiting for a client Fig 3.8: She prepare herself for evening client Fig 3.9: Young girls born into the brothel play in the fields by a small lake in the back of the brothel that also serves as a graveyard for prostitutes. Fig 4.1: Map Show the Position of SOS Villages in Different Place Fig 4.2: Children’s play area Fig 4.3: Entry point of the complex Fig 4.4: View of the auditorium Fig 4.5: View of mosque Fig 4.6: View of entry point Fig 4.7: View of admin building Fig 4.8: View of seating place Fig 4.9: View from the play field Fig 4.10: Family House
- 9. 9 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 4.11: View from the School Fig 4.12: View from building Fig 4.13: View from corridor Fig 4.14: View of school plaza Fig 4.15: View of outdoor seating Fig 4.16: Interior view, along hall Fig 4.17: Exterior view, showing Fig 4.18: Exterior view Fig 4.19: Exterior view Fig 4.20: Exterior view Fig 4.21: Exterior view Fig 4.22: Exterior view (RAMP) Fig 4.23: Art work from the Family house Fig 4.24: Exterior view from School Courtyard Fig 4.25: Art work of the children of Family house Fig 4.26: section-AA Fig 4.27: East Elevation Fig 4.28: West Elevation Fig 4.29: Roof plan of SOS youth Fig 4.30: Ground floor plan Fig 4.31: First floor plan Fig 4.32: Circulation layout plan Fig 4.33: Exterior view Fig 4.34: Window shading Fig 4.35: Satellite image of sos youth village Fig 4.36: School ploy field, Fig 4.37: School ploy field Fig 4.38: Basket boll court, Fig 4.39: School outside corridor, Fig 4.40: School corridor outside classrooms. Fig 4.41: Circulation area Fig 4.42: Seating facilities at the terrace Fig 4.43: Seating facilities at the terrace Fig 4.44: Visually permeable space, Fig 4.45: Visually permeable space Fig 4.46: Entrance of natural light in the internal corridores Fig 4.47: natural light create heaven Fig 4.48: Backyard of junior section with soft surface ploy ground, Fig 4.49: layout plan Fig 4.50: section-AA Fig 4.51: section-BB Fig 4.52: Front Elevation Fig 4.53: Central court view Fig 4.54: Exterior view Fig 4.55: Outdoor play area Fig 4.56: Outdoor play area Fig 4.57: SOS children’s village, Rajshahi Fig 4.58: SOS children’s village, Rajshahi
- 10. 10 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 4.59: SOS ploy ground Fig 4.60: Vocational training Fig 4.61: The mother house Fig 4.62: The community house photo Fig 4.63: Mother House Fig 4.64: The Community House Fig 4.65: The Mother House Plan Fig 4.66: Zoning Fig 4.67: Section A A Fig 4.67: The Community House Fig 4.68: Mother House Fig 4.69: Circulation Fig 4.70: Ratio of hard and soft surface Fig 6.1: conceptual sketch. (A Corridor) Fig 6.2: conceptual sketch of the boundary between brothel and the project Fig 6.3: Physiological Barrier of my Site Fig 6.4: Main Entry of the project Fig 6.5: Master plan Fig 6.6: Master plan Zoning Fig 6.7: Gathering Space Children with Mother Fig 6.8: Children’s play in the courtyard and the corridor Fig 6.9: Children play area Fig 6.10: Entry of the Family house/ safe home Fig 6.11: Primary School (Bornomala) Fig 6.12: School Field Fig 6.13 Public Library Fig 6.14: Library, Multipurpose and Office Fig 6.15: Perspective of the Public area Fig 6.16: Family House (Conceptual) Fig 6.17: Conceptual Schematic Fig 6.18: Interaction Space idea between Mother and Children Fig 6.19: Extra-Ordinary School idea Fig 7.1: East Elevation Fig 7.2: North Elevation Fig 7.3: South Elevation Fig 7.8: West Elevation Fig 7.9: Section B B Fig 7.10: Section E E’ Fig 7.11: Section F F’ Fig 7.12: Section C C’ Fig 7.13: Section D D’ Fig 7.14: Main entry of the Project Fig 7.15: Conceptual Monument and the Public plaza Fig 7.16: Public plaza and the open air exibition
- 11. 11 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 7.17: Library and training Centre (Admin block) Fig 7.18: View from Library (Admin block) Fig 7.19: Elementary school/ “Bornamala” (school block) Fig 7.20: Transition towards school (School block) Fig 7.21: Children’s play Infront of “bornomala” (School block) Fig 7.22: Vocational / Prottasha school (School block) Fig 7.23: Extra ordinary school / “Protiva biksah” school (School block) Fig 7.24: Boys Dormitory Fig 7.25: Boys Dormitory Fig 7.26: Boys Dormitory play area open to sky Fig 7.27: Besides family house Fig 7.28: Interaction between mother and children “Matrichaya” Fig 7.29: Existing waterbody treat for children Fig 7.30: Courtyard at Family house Fig 7.31: View from Terrace to terrace Fig 7.32: Entertaining area beside water body Fig 7.33: Viewing deck “Bristy bilash” Fig 7.34: Aerial view of the project Fig 7.35: Aerial view of the project (Model Photographs) Fig 7.36: Aerial view of the project (Model Photographs) Fig 7.37: Family house area (Model Photographs) Fig 7.38: The Plaza (Model Photographs) Fig 7.39: “Matrichaya” (Model Photographs) Fig 7.40: Aerial view of the project (Model Photographs) Fig 7.41: Library and training (Model Photographs)
- 12. 12 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Project 1.2 Project Brief 1.3 Project Introduction 1.4 Methodology 1.5 Needs and Aims 1.6 Research Site 1.7 Importance of the project in local regional national context
- 13. 13 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 1.1 Background of the Project “Children are not a distraction from more Important work. They are the most important work.” Sally Clarkson, Being underprivileged is one of the major curses a person can be under. The five basic rights a person must have are- Food, Clothes, Proper place to live, Education and Medical facilities. But those who are eventually underprivileged do not get any proper housing education and medical facilities. As a result the city is getting denser and many problems like unemployment, drug addiction, violence and other social issues are increasing. Not only in our beloved Dhaka city but also almost every other country across the world are facing the problem of homelessness. Globally, more people now live in urban areas than in rural areas. Over the past few decades, most low-income countries have experienced a rapid population growth without adequate expansion of public services, and many cities in the developing world lack the infrastructure necessary to support high levels of urban population growth. As a result, globally, more than one billion people live in informal settlements or urban slums. Many others live where they can—at railway terminals and bus stations, at ports, and in empty markets, parks, and stairways Bangladesh is undergoing rapid urbanization in recent decades. The urban population is growing at the rate of 7% compared to 1.5% nationally and projected to reach 5 million by 2030 from 39.4 million in 2005 (UN-POp 2007). They are mostly economic refugees‘driven by both ‗push‘ (poverty, landlessness, violence, natural disasters, etc.) and pull (job opportunities in formal and informal sectors, better wage rate, etc.) factors (Lee 1966). In case of children, role of violence and abuse by the family and the community is also emphasized underlying their rural-to-urban migration (Conticini and Hulme 2006). Major proportion of this migrant population land in the slums, but a substantial proportion squatter in the streets, becoming homeless or street dwellers.By definition, street dwellers ―are the people who sleep on streets, railway terminals and platforms, bus stations, parks and open spaces, religious centres, construction sites and around graveyards, and in other public places with no roof‖ (BBS 2001). They are the ―mobile and vagrant category of rootless people who have no permanent dwelling units‖ (BBS 1999). In the western context, these street dwellers or the floating population are called homeless population. A privilege is a right or an advantage, and people who are underprivileged lack such rights and advantages. Many times, this word is used as a synonym for poor. People often worry about underprivileged children who are living in poverty and may not have access to healthy food or good medical care. Underprivileged children often go to the worst schools too, which is another disadvantage. Regardless of the reasons people live on the street, they are often blamed for crime and other antisocial activities that occur in cities, including commercial sex work, begging and drug use. Lacking regular employment and trapped in a vicious cycle of poverty, deprivation and social ostracism, with barely sufficient income to keep them above starvation level, some turn to crime. If acknowledged at all, city authorities are likely to view street dwellers in terms of social and environmental problems they may cause, such as blocking footpaths or creating hygiene hazards. In terms of public health, large numbers of poor people living in unsanitary conditions without access to Three proper health care can constitute a source for disease transmission. People without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation are also at significant risk for health problems. On the contrary, this whole amount of homeless people can be seen as a manpower which can be used for our economic and social development. The starting can be done with
- 14. 14 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” the young age group of this huge population. In fact, there are some organizations which are thinking about this sort of development or solution. The street dwellers specifically the street children to youth group can be trained as an asset. But before they get trained they should be taken under the observation of medical facilitators or counselors. After that stage they can be trained in any sectors like horticulture, textiles, computer training, dance, art, crafts etc. Thus, being aware of all the positive and negative aspects of underprivileged children, a solution can be derived for the betterment of our society. They can have education, medical facilities and training regarding horticulture and local crafts. When they will leave this place they can be established and train other to have a better life style. The condition and value of local crafts and horticulture is very high now-a-days. These two aspects are easy to learn and train. So the holistic approach comprises these two sectors. Hence, the aim of this project is to design a center for the underprivileged children with a notion of deducting the dropout rate of the educational institution and at the same time makes them self-depended so that they can afford a better lifestyle through the learning and training. 1.2 Project Brief Project Title: Protecting facilities (care home) to promote protective environment for Brothel children Location: Doulatdia, Goalondo ghat. Site Area: 11.31 acres Client: PIACT Bangladesh. (Local NGO) 1.3 Project Introduction The children of sex workers are excluded from mainstream society and denied even their most basic human rights such as housing, health and education due to a number of complex factors such as their position in a ‘legal vacuum’, a lack of political commitment and most significantly the conservative society in Bangladesh. They are the victims of the power structures in their local community as well as the greater society that leaves them exposed to inhumane life conditions such as the obligation of drug abuse, lack of access to pure drinking water and sanitation, no property rights and legal protection, extortion, people trafficking and everyday violence. In this context the children of the sex workers in Bangladesh are not in a safe environment, and there is a lack of focus on their personal development with an increasing risk of them becoming victims of the dangerous racket of the sex trade and exploitation (UNICEF,2005). Children living in brothels have disproportionately limited access to education in Bangladesh (UNICEF 2009). The children of sex workers are still deprived of their right to education, and few of them are enrolled in government schools. Most of them dream of rescuing their mothers from prostitution (Shohel et al, 2012). However, in reality the children are often cruelly ragged about their mother’s profession (Adhikari, 2012). Their identity makes it stressful for them to continue going to school (Shohel et al, 2012; Jena, 2010). This empirical study focuses on access to education for the children of sex workers in Bangladesh. Furthermore, it explores how education could be a vehicle for them to break the vicious cycle of exploitation. It also shows how local NGOs are supporting and providing education for them. Thus the purpose of the study is to present current states of the children of sex workers in Bangladesh.
- 15. 15 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Education for All (EFA) and the Children of Sex Workers the Bangladeshi Context, Education empowers, provides choices, and a voice to disadvantaged children and young people. It also promotes well-being by teaching them about good health practices, active citizenship through developing skills for life and a sustainable future. In these ways it helps socio-economically disadvantaged children to break the poverty cycle and to have a better future. It provides the stepping-stone to self-development for those who are disadvantaged by creating choices, and builds self-confidence and self-reliance for individuals (Shohel, 2012). The international calls, starting from the Jomtien Conference to Dakar Forum and then the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), clearly emphasized on the need for universal access to meaningful education (WCEFA, 1990 & Dakar Framework for Action, 2000). Bangladesh became an enthusiastic signatory to the World Conference Education for All (WCEFA) framework at Jomtien, Thailand where the world community has strongly backed up the goal of ‘Education for All (EFA)’ at global gatherings. The Gob has made commitment in the World Education Forum held at Dakar, Senegal in April 2000, towards the achievement of EFA. According to the Child Rights Convention (CRC), every child has the right to be educated and children’s rights have legal, political, social, cultural, economic, demographic and environmental dimensions. Among all vulnerable groups, children living in brothel areas are at a high risk of deprivation, abuse, HIV transmission and trafficking. There is very little scope of them getting access to education. Children of brothel-based sex workers are stigmatized from birth. Their acceptance into the mainstream society is virtually impossible and consequently they often start working in the brothel themselves (Adhikari 2008, 2007). Providing education to the children of sex workers is not an easy task in the Bangladeshi context. There are barriers from society, from the local community as well as from the brothel. This study focuses on the Daulatdia Brothel, where many NGOs, such as Karmajibi Kallyan Sangstha (KKS), Mukti Mohila Samity (MMS), BRAC, as well as Save the Children, and ActionAid Bangladesh with its partner organisations are running education programmes for the children of sex workers. In 1993 KKS established a preschool to provide informal education for children who lived with their mothers in the Daulatdia brothel. Later an informal pilot project providing schooling for 25 girls started inside the brothel. Simultaneously four satellite education centres were established with 100 children taken outside the brothel area. This was the first attempt to provide education to the children of sex workers in Bangladesh. There were problems when the children of sex workers enrolled in regular schools. It was difficult for teachers and children to accept them as equals to their classmates. Children from mainstream society were not willing to sit next to the children of sex workers and as a result the children eventually dropped out (Shohel et al, 2012). In 1995 a private school was established by the KKS with the help of Save the Children (formerly Save the Children Australia) to provide education for the children of sex workers and the children from mainstream society under one roof. The ratio of inclusion was 2:3 (mainstream children: children of sex workers). The main barrier which stood in the way of running this school was the mainstream community. At that time, the community showed unwillingness to let their children study with the children of sex workers. Afterwards, however, Save the Children organized several meetings with the community to convince them about inclusive education for the children of sex workers with the mainstream children so that the children of sex workers could be socially included. Save the Children succeeded to take responsibility for five girls from the brothel and arranged their accommodation, food and education free of cost. At first the school was not getting any children other than the children of sex workers. However, gradually children from hardcore poor families also started to get enrolled in the school. Finally, this school was included in the Government funding in 2004. Now the school is running with success and has earned
- 16. 16 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” considerable recognition. Children from all socio-economic backgrounds come to study here along with the children of sex workers. Even parents of different backgrounds, including sex workers, attend parent-teacher meetings and other school programs. Shapla Mohila Shangstha (SMS), an implementation partner of ActionAid Bangladesh (AAB) in Faridpur, operates a child development Centre under the ‘Promoting Human Rights of Destitute Women and Children Project’. The Centre was established in 2004 to bring the children of sex workers into mainstream society and enhance their life skills. At the Centre, the children are provided with facilities including day and night shelter, a healthy diet, mainstream education as well as extracurricular and recreational activities. Currently the Centre’s rented accommodation can accommodate only 25 children but a new permanent building, which is under construction, will be able to house another 75 children. As NGOs have been taking initiatives to change the society wide perceptions of the children of sex workers, access to education along with the mainstream society has become easier for them. Especially after the establishment of the KKS primary school and the safe hostels of Save the Children and PIACT Bangladesh, the situation has started to improve, and access of the children of sex workers has become easier to both in primary and secondary schools. Because of the NGO support, their school performance and quality of education is now much more satisfactory. For example, a sex workers’ daughter got a GPA (Grade Point Average) of 4.88 (out of 5) in the Secondary School Certificate (SSC) exam and another received a scholarship in grade V. Now many of them are also able to gain admission to the Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) course or to some other stage of further education. In Bangladesh, normally the ‘sex trade’ is not legal except in fifteen governments Approved brothels across the country (Alauddin, 2005). However, a recent ruling by the Bangladeshi High Court states that prostitution is not illegal as a livelihood (BBC, 2000). That means prostitutes have the legal authority to practice their trade in Bangladesh and this is highly unusual. It makes Bangladesh one of the few Muslim majority countries that do not ban prostitution (Hosain & Chatterjee, 2005). Women and children are found involved in the sex trade in these brothels from all social strata, caste and religion. They are the most deprived, tormented, ill-treated and misused people as is the case in many other developing countries. Daulodia brothel is the most recent one within the country and, after the closing down of the Tanbazar brothel in 1999, it became the largest one in Bangladesh (Terre des hommes Italia, 2005). Although sex work has always existed in Bangladesh and taken many changing forms, sex workers and their children remained ignored and avoided by academic researchers. However, over recent years a handful of research studies have been conducted (Karim, 2004). A study on the living conditions and socio-economic status of brothel-based and floating (street walkers) sex workers in Bangladesh made a general assessment of their living conditionsand found that the reasons for entering the brothels are poverty, deception, abuse, coercion and rape. Most of the sex workers come from an ultra-poor background and are usually illiterate or have a low level of education and no marketable skills. They generally face disruption of the family units and their lives, along with their children are full of suffering (Terre des homes Italia, 2005). Another recent study (UNICEF, 2011) was carried out to review and assess the “National Plan of Action 2002” to combat child sexual abuse, commercial sexual exploitation and trafficking. The study found perpetrators of child sexual abuse to be men in the vast majority of cases. Different research findings show that parents’ drug use or sex work is often illegal and hidden, so identifying their children can be difficult and may increase the children’s vulnerability and marginalization. Researchers and service providers, therefore, need to proceed with caution when attempting to reach these populations, but documentation and
- 17. 17 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” evaluation of current programs should be prioritized (Beard et al, 2010). Though many NGOs are running education programs for the children of sex workers, no research has been carried out to explore the impact of education on the lives of the children of sex workers. It is very important to understand challenges and barriers to access to education for the children of sex workers and how education impacts on their lives. There are many educational programs running in and around the Daulatdia brothel performing the function of training sex workers for a ‘better life’ and to promote access of the children of sex workers to the formal education system by sensitizing the wider society to their legitimate needs. This study aims at exploring the impact of education on the children of sex workers. This understanding is essential to facilitate empowerment of the children of sex workers and to bring them out from the curse of exploitation and social isolation. Literature related to education of the children of sex workers is hardly found although adequate studies are available on their health issues, socio-economic status, abuse and violence. 1.4 Methodology This mix method interpretative study focused on children of sex workers in the age range are 5 to 16 years. Quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed to have a better understanding and triangulation of the generated data. However, the major part of the study was based on qualitative methods and findings, whereas the quantitative part was used to support, validate and judge the qualitative findings. The information was collected through survey questionnaires of socio economic information, an interview schedule for sex workers and their children, and focus group discussions (FGD) with teachers, NGO resource personnel and education activists. Fieldwork was carried out during July-August 2012. Six Research Associates were trained and involved in the data collection. A purposive sampling method was employed on the basis of availability by using the snowball sampling technique. At first, thirty sex workers’ families had been selected purposively from the brothel in order to collect socio-economic information. The selection criterion for the families was that they should have at least one school going children in the family. The number of the children of sex workers that participated in this study was thirty. Twenty of the sample children were being educated at primary level and the rest were from secondary level. Efforts were made to ensure gender balance among the respondents. The sex workers’ families sampled are situated both inside and outside the brothel. The sex workers hold various positions such as bharatia (sex worker who works independently by renting a room in the brothel and controls her own earnings) and bariwali2 (the female owner of a brothel home) (Terre des homes Italia, 2005). Teachers were selected from such schools which had been primarily established for the children of the brothel and the NGO workers selected were among those who work inside and outside of the brothel for the education and welfare of the children (of the brothel). During systematic literature review, an analytic document was prepared on stakeholder engagement strategy (Thomas & Mohan, 2007), and then intensive sharing and feedback sessions were conducted on draft research tools to develop the final ones. Afterwards through an effective piloting of the research tools, they were finalized with relevant changes based on the feedback from the pilot phase. 2 ‘Madam’ is a title given to such women in the west- often former prostitutes who have now passed their prime.
- 18. 18 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 1.5 Needs and Aims Right now there are a lot of NGO who works for brothel children, like “PIACT Bangladesh” is running 13 schools in our country for the street children in English version in our country. After a certain period of time these children will get vocational training in order to be employed and independent. So I have a plan to open a vocational training center with educational facility. What I want to do through this project is- - The aim of this Care home is to provide the basic need to every child accommodate here - food, shelter education, health and clothing. Therefore, the children brought up in this institution will have full access to all these facilities. - To create a care home that can facilitate the children of Doulatdia Brothel. - This Home will work as a solution for decreasing dropout rate. - To provide recreational facilities, an environment of nature for the people there. - Creating a stimulating, productive and healthy environment. - Involving the social community. - Serving community through providing spaces for common activities and selling products of inmates. - Making “This project” an enterprise where they will monitor both the school and the vocational training center and sell the products made by these Project to different outlet or their own outlet. - As a result, the children will at the same time get an opportunity to have education and at the same time empowered. - Childhood of every person is said to be the most important period of life, as the future life has great influence on it. Children from birth to age L2 are said to be highly sensitive to their surroundings and personality development occurs in this period. Being exposed to unwanted environment in this time of life may have negative effect in behavior in their later life. - The main purpose of this Care home is to make sure that the children in this Project are also brought up with proper and good care and education in a healthy playful environment under proper guidance, so that they never feel inferior and come out as good citizen of this country with confidence to move on in life by him/herself. - Many street children suffer from psychological problems such as low self- esteem, loneliness, anxiety, depression, various fears, feelings of hopelessness, feeling alone and afraid and aggressive behavior all of which are often a result of poverty, violence due to the conflict, lack of parenting and sexual, physical or mental abuse. This Project will address all these problems through counseling programs. The counseling services will be served to improve the overall mental health of the Brothel children by having them participate in individual and group counseling sessions. These children will also be provided with information and awareness about various risks such as HlV, drugs, alcohol and exploitation. - The children will be given the primary and secondary level education, then the Vocational Training. - Non- formal education services will also be providing, as some children fails to get the primary level education in the right time. - Beside this the children will also gain practical knowledge about electrical, electronics, mechanical, carpentries, and computer skill, handicrafts. These practical skills will open up wide areas for them in the professional life.
- 19. 19 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” - The children will be also attending and learning cultural programs such as - music, dance, drama and art. - The children will be brought up in a safe, secure and friendly environment, which will make sure the psychological wellbeing of their minds and make them responsible adults. 1.6 Research Site The geographical location of the study is Daulatdia in Rajbari Sadar Upazila, situated on the bank of the river Padma. It is about 130 km away from Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh. Among the fifteen recognized brothels, Daulatdia brothel is the largest in Bangladesh. It is located close to a very busy ferry port in Rajbari district in the western part of Bangladesh and has been operating for more than 25 years. It encourages a culture of corruption, violence, gambling, alcohol use, drug use and dealing, the open screening of explicit films and sex workers seeking customers. Approximately 3,000+ people live inside the brothel including 1,000+ children, 240+ of whom are working as sex workers (some from the age of 8 upwards). These children are regularly exposed to sexual and physical violence. They are known to consume drugs and alcohol from as young as 10 years old (Save the Children Australia, 2012). The brothel provides financial benefits to a whole range of individuals, which means that there are many people in positions of power who have a vested interest in the brothel continuing to function in its current form, including the promotion of child prostitution. Mothers do not know how to protect their children from sexual and other abuse, exploitation and violence. Children are vulnerable to physical violence and sexual, physical and emotional abuse from a range of perpetrators including their peers and their mother’s customers. Although most of the focus is on the protection of girls, boys are often victims too. Sometimes poverty-stricken or otherwise vulnerable women and children, especially orphans, become victims of trafficking. Dalals (agents who are engaged in collecting and selling women or children to the brothels) offer them jobs and lure them in different ways to come to the brothel. The entrants to the Daulotdia brothel are from these disadvantaged groups. Some NGOs such as PIACT Bangladesh and MMS are working extensively to prevent under-aged children from becoming victims of trafficking. 1.7 Importance of the project in local regional national context ln our country orphans and other street children are neglected in all sector of our life. But they also have right to live with us. By this project this problem can be solved as a very small particular area. So socially this type of project is very necessary for rights of these children. With the Rehabilitation Center the children will not only have a safe place to stay and sleep, a place to have regular meals, become educated, get vocational skills training to become self-reliant etc. but also will the center be a place for the them where they can feel important through care? Caring about street children are very important as the care they will receive will help them to improve their self-confidence and become strong and independent in the society. They will not feel inferior, they will start believing they are also part of society, if they get proper education and different categories of vocational trainings, this will increase their confidence to head forward for a far better living on their own. They can also be participators socially, politically and economically.
- 20. 20 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig. 1.1 Ecological model of influences on development
- 21. 21 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” CHAPTER 2 Site Analysis 2.1 About the Site, Doulatdia 2.2 Site Location 2.3 Why this site has been chosen? 2.4 Road Networking 2.5 Site Surrounding 2.6 Vegetation of the site 2.7 Topography 2.8 S.W.O.T analysis 2.9 Climatic condition 2.10 Sun path diagram
- 22. 22 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” SITE ANALYSIS 2.1 About the site: Rajbari (Goalondo Upazila, Doulatdia Union) Rajbari (Bengali: রাজবাড়ি জজলা, Rajbari Jela also Rajbari Zila) is a district in central Bangladesh. It is a part of the Dhaka Division. It was named by the renowned ruler Raja Surjo Kumar Guha Roy. He established his palace or rajbari in this district. There are 5 upazilas in this district. They are: 1. Baliakandi Upazila 2. Goalandaghat Upazila 3. Pangsha Upazila 4. Kalukhali Upazila 5. Rajbari Sadar Rajbari Total Area: 432.0 sqm Total Population: 951906; male 489557, female 462349; Muslim 847616, Hindu 103664, Buddhist 173 and others 453. Schools & Colleges • Rajbari Government College, Rajbari • Rajbari Government Adarsha Mohila College • Rajbari Zilla School (previous name was Goalondo High School) Fig 2.1: Rajbari on Map • Zilla Girls School • Kola Sadar Uddin High School was established by Sadar Uddin Mallik • Atdapunia High School • Mulghor High School • Dr. Abul Hossain University College • Suraj Mohini Institute & Tamijuddin Girls High School was established by Moulovi Tamijuddin • Pangsha Government CollegeThere are so many Institute which are popularly known by the PeopleGeography and climate Annual average temperature of this district is maximum 35.8 °C and minimum 12.6 °C. Annual rainfall is 2105 mm. Major River • Padma River • Jalangi • Kumar River • Garai River • Madhumati River • Harai • Chandana • Chitra Fig 2.2: Map of Rajbari District
- 23. 23 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Daulatdia is the name of a village in Rajbari District, Bangladesh which is the largest brothel in Bangladesh, and has been called one of the largest brothels in the world. It is one of 20 officially sanctioned brothels in the country opening around 1988, although it was unofficially in existence for decades prior. Estimates of the number of sex workers in the village range from 1,300 to 2,000. Daulatdia services more than 3,000 men daily; these men can pay for sex, take drugs and gamble. Though prostitution is only legal in Bangladesh for women aged 18 or older, the average age of newly arriving sex workers is 14, and some sex workers in Daulatdia are as young as 10. Many of them are sold into sex work for about $250, which they are then obligated to pay to pimps who are mostly older women, known as "madams". The sex workers are often tricked by their madams into taking drugs such as Ventolin or Oradexon, which are designed to fatten cattle. 2.2 Site Location My Site near the Brothel Fig 2.3: Land use map of Rajbari District
- 24. 24 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 2.3 Why this site has been chosen? When I visit the Doulatdia Brothel, There I see a lot of Children playing here and there, where environment is not friendly for them. Now I talked with some sex worker who are living here with their children. When I want to know that what is the decision make for their children, some of them are interested to educated and empowered their child, at that time the Biological mother have no chance to fulfill their dream. Then I noticed them I want to work for this dream. Then they highly recommend that they want their children beside them then I got the decision that my site should beside the Brothel……… Fig 2.4: My Site Beside the Biggest Doulatdia Brothel “A MOTHER is she who can take the place of all others; But whose place no one else can take.”
- 25. 25 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 2.4 Road Networking Fig 2.5: Road with in site (Google map) Fig 2.6: Entry point of the site Fig 2.7: View from the site to the Brothel Fig 2.9: Night view Goalondo Station Fig 2.8: Goalondo Railway station
- 26. 26 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 2.5 Site Surrounding
- 27. 27 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 2.10: connecting road Fig 2.11: Existing Condition of the Site “Men have social needs. They have a need for other people; they have a need to love and be loved.” __Carroll Quigley American historian and theorist, professor at Georgetown University
- 28. 28 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 2.12: Graveyard for the Brothel “I always wondered why somebody doesn't do something about that. Then I realized I was somebody.” Fig 2.13: Existing Health Complex – Lily Tomlin American actress, comedian, writer, singer, and producer Fig 2.14: Safe Home by KKS NGO
- 29. 29 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 2.6 VEGETATION OF THE SITE At present the site is full of green grasses. The site has many trees scattered located in it. Among them most prominent trees are Mehgoni tree, Mango tree, Coconut, Badam, Date palm, Papaya tree, Banana tree, Sal tree, Bamboo and many shrubs and herbs can be found there. Fig 2.15: Seasonal crops land Fig 2.16: vacant land Along with all these as the entire site is surrounded by different agricultural lands it has got different crops and vegetables which gives highly diversified vegetation to the site. 2.7 TOPOGRAPHY The site is totally plain. there has no contour in the site. The project area consists mud soil and suitable efforts for agriculture. the entire northern plains are made of alluvial soil. The fine particles of sand, silt and clay are called alluvium. It is very fertile and contributes the largest share of agricultural wealth. Fig 2.17: Earthquake zone map Fig 2.18: Topographical Map
- 30. 30 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 2.8 S.W.O. T ANALYSIS- S- Strength - Located just beside the Road Dhaka-Faridpur-Khulna highway which is one of the most important transportation pathways for the all class businessmen of our country. - The site has strong natural surroundings. - Existence of natural elements adds more value to the site. - Variation of vegetation can be seen in the site. - There are two waterbodies present in the site. - The site level is plain. - South East direction has good view - Three side has natural view - Existing water body as breathing space. W- Weakness - The Brothel is located just besides the site. O- Opportunity - The site is located in a very strategic position and can provide an interesting platform for all age group. - The site located in a new and barress development and holds the strength in controlling the urban sprawl that shall direct to a new visualization of the township. T- Threat - Though the Brothel is nearby the site, the client of the brothel workers can be a threat for the children - Lack of security.
- 31. 31 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 2.9 CLIMATIC CONDITION The climate here is tropical. The summers are much rainier than the winters in Rajbari. This location is classified as Aw by Köppen and Geiger. In Rajbari, the average annual temperature is 25.6 °C. In a year, the average rainfall is 1771 mm. There is a difference of 330 mm of precipitation between the driest and wettest months. The variation in temperatures throughout the year is 10.9 °C. Fig 2.19: Climate graph weather by month Rajbari Fig 2.20: Average temperature rajbari The driest month is December, with 6 mm of rain. The greatest amount of precipitation occurs in June, with an average of 336 mm. May is the warmest month of the year. The temperature in May averages 29.2 °C. The lowest average temperatures in the year occur in January, when it is around 18.3 °C.
- 32. 32 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 2.10 SUN PATH DIAGRAM Fig 2.21: Sun path diagram on the SIte
- 33. 33 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” The sun paths are different due to factors such as- -Location (local latitude) -Rising and setting position- based on the time of the year. -Duration of the day and night. The seasonal cycle of shadows- -The Sun as it appears in summer, high in the Sky-Shadows are short. -On the other side, the Sun as it appears in winter, lower in the Sky- Shadows are long. -When the height of the Sun changes, so does the angle its rays strike the ground, the incidence angle. The incidence angle is smaller in summer than in winter.
- 34. 34 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” CHAPTER 3 Literature review 3.1 History of Prostitution 3.2 Born into Brothel 3.3 Daughter of the Brothel 3.4 Doulatdia Women 3.5 Riverside Brothel 3.6 The Business of sex slavery 3.7 No place to go 3.8 Paper cutting
- 35. 35 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 3.1 History of Prostitution Throughout history/herstory, women have prostituted themselves by choice but especially by force; it was imposed on them. It is believed that prostitution has existed since the beginning of time. As a matter of fact, "acts of prostitution must have occurred when primitive man paid for the sexual favors of woman he wanted – with a special morsel of food or some object – when he was not inclined or not strong enough, to take her by force.” (Benjamin 35) In this text, I will attempt to summarise the history of women‟s prostitution – mostly its major points throughout the world – from 300 B.C. up to now. Ancient Cyrprus Around 300 B.C., prostitution was seen and existed as “temple” or “sacred” prostitution. In Ancient Cyrprus, each respectable woman was required to prostitute herself at least once to a stranger in order to become eligible for marriage. Once this was done, she had to wait, in the temple of Mylitta, for a stranger to come along and ask a favour from her. Some women, who were less pretty, would wait years in the temple. The money earned would be dedicated to the goddess Mylitta. (Benjamin 1964) Ancient Egypt In Ancient Egypt, prostitution “has throughout history been exceedingly prevalent and popular.” (Benjamin 37) One story, the story of Cheops, relates that when Cheops “was short of money, he would send his daughter to a bawdy- house, with instructions of charging a certain sumi” (Benjamin 37). It is also stated in Harry Benjamin‟s book that Egyptian fathers prostituted their daughters. Ancient Greece In Ancient Greece there were four general classes among prostitutes: Hetairae, the aristocrats of Greek prostitution who “were able to attach themselves to the most famous and distinguished men of their time and became „powers behind the throne‟ in politics, the arts, and other important areas of Greek life”, (Benjamin 40). Auletrides who were musicians and dancers,
- 36. 36 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” usually foreigners; dicteriades who were brothel prostitutes; and concubines who were slaves. Rome In Rome, more severe laws were instituted but with no great effect. “From comparatively staid beginnings Roman sexual history moves toward a crescendo of eroticism such as the world has rarely seen.” (Benjamin 45) Nevertheless, it still remained a “double standard” that favoured the freedom of the male. “Prostitution is recognised as an essential and useful institution, but the prostitute is condemned and despised.” (Benjamin 49) All in all, in Rome, there were periods of tolerance and periods of persecution concerning prostitution. Middle Ages Europe During the 12th century, prostitutes were not “supported” during Charlemagne‟s and Frederick Barbarossa‟s reigns, consequently, whores were beheaded during these periods. Then, in the 13th century, a man named Saint Thomas Aquinas defended prostitutes and argued that: “prostitution is a necessary evil preventing seductions and rapes.” (Benjamin 51) Toward the modern world Italy “It would be difficult to overestimate the sexual freedom, and sometimes sexual violence, of Renaissance Italy. … Restraints upon sexual expression were limited” (Benjamin 56). Prostitution was not accepted everywhere (Mantua, Parma, Bergamo, Padua) and consequently, measures were taken to regulate it, for example prostitutes had to go through identification proceduresii, they were secluded and restricted to special quarters. On the other hand, in other places such as Naples, Venice, Florence, and Bologna, prostitution flourished. England During the 16th century, after Henry VIII‟s reign, whores could start practising again (under the reign of Edward) but still, prostitution was “technically” considered illegal. This is when the “Catholic argument of Thomas Aquinas was being resurrected, but to no avail – brothels remained illegal – although the authorities could now be encouraged, through bribes and free sex, to turn a blind eye.”
- 37. 37 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” (Roberts 122) By the end of the 16th century, there were a lot of whore on the market, yet, the demand was even bigger than what was available. In the 17th century, Puritans propagated the anti-pleasure of whores; “all forms of pleasure (were) seen as sinful”. (Roberts 1992) France, London The 18th century was “The Golden Age of Prostitution”. As a matter of fact, during this period, prostitution was very popular. There were even places where whores could get training in order to be professional and adaptableiii. This was the case in Mme Gourdan‟s establishment in Paris and in Mrs Goadsby‟s and Miss Fawkland‟s establishments in London. (Roberts 1992) These types of places mainly received wealthy clients. France In the 19th century, France established the “Bureau of Morals” (Bureau des Moeurs). “The new agency was essentially a police force responsible for monitoring houses of prostitution.” (Head 2009) Japan, Sweden 20th century‟s prostitution was seen as “a fate worse than death”. “During World War II, the Japanese government abducted between 80,000 and 300,000 women and girls from Japanese- occupied territories and forced them to serve in „comfort battalions,‟ militarised brothels that were created to serve Japanese soldiers.” (Head 2009) By the end of the 20th century, Sweden takes a feminist approach, prostitution is classified as a form of violence against women. (Head 2009) Canada As for the 21st century, “Canada has become poised to implement pragmatic solutions that outweigh the argument for ideological interventions that would further criminalize sex-trade workers.” (Now Public 2008) To know more about the mainlines of the history of prostitution, you can visit this website:http://civilliberty.about.com/od/gendersexuality/tp/History-of-Prostitution.htm
- 38. 38 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ”
- 39. 39 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 3.2 Born into brothels (India) Activity Guide by Amanda K. Plummer Summery Zana Briski is a professional photographer. This film documents a project she did with children in the Red Light District of Calcutta. She provided the children with cameras, taught them how to take pictures, and led a class on photography. In the course of this project, she became enmeshed in the children’s lives and began working on ways to help them find better lives away from extreme poverty and prostitution. When I first went into the brothels of Calcutta I had no idea what I was doing. Circumstances had led me there and I had a deep visceral reaction to the place. It was as if I recognized it on a very personal level. It took me two years to get inside, to be able to live in a brothel. I knew this was the only way I would move from visitor to resident, to fully experience, as much as possible, what it was like for the women and children living there. It was a difficult but precious experience and one for which I will always be grateful. I had the opportunity to understand lives lived behind closed doors, to help --- when it was asked of me --- in any way I could, and to communicate powerful stories with the outside world. It has been my dream, since the beginning of the project, to inspire others to feel, to notice, to challenge, to take action. Some of the most inspiring moments I have had are at screenings of Born into Brothels at schools across the country. American children are riveted by the kids from Calcutta. The connect with them through the film in a way only kids can. Kids want to share, to know more, to get involved. This is why I wanted to build a curriculum around the film, so that it can be a catalyst for awareness and change. Amnesty International, in partnership with Kids with Cameras, has made this happen. I am deeply grateful to them for this. In the film I say that I am not a social worker, or even a teacher. I am someone who follows my heart and puts myself in the ‘shoes’ of others. This is something we all can do. You don’t need to go to Calcutta to notice what is happening
- 40. 40 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” around you, who needs your compassion, be it an animal, a friend, a stranger. After all, it is up to us to make the world a better place. Zana Briski Born into Brothels: Companion Curriculum STUDY QUESTIONS: 1. What human rights issues are illustrated in the film? What international laws are in place to stop or prevent those abuses? 2. I n the beginning credits of the film, we see images of the children’s eyes looking down on images of the red light district. What themes do these images reflect? What does it tell the viewer about the children? (Clip 1) 3. What is the role of photography in this film? Of music? (Clips 19, 31, 33, 54) 4. What are the changes in the children’s outlook and personalities when they are taken out of the brothel to the beach and zoo? (Clips 20-21, 31-33) 5. I f these children were taken out of the brothel environment permanently, do you think that they could fully recover from the injustices and trauma that they have previously faced? Why? Why not? 6. I f life in the brothels is all the children have ever known, then how do they know that it is not how they want to live? If it has become the norm, then how do they know that it is not normal for a child to grow up in that environment? Are we born with an internal human rights’ radar? Is awareness of human rights a part of human nature? (Clips 17, 26, 40-41) 7. What can we do for kids that have not been presented with an opportunity to leave the brothels or who have not been helped by someone like Zana? What kind of programs can we implement to create sustainable change for all children of sex-workers? Is it enough to help the children? Why or why not? What can be done for the mothers and the rest of the community? 8. W hy did Zana become so involved with these children? What lessons did Zana learn throughout her journey? There were times when Zana seemed to get very frustrated with the bureaucracy in India. What do you think kept her going? (Clips 3, 36-39, 50) 9. T hink about the scene in which Zana is talking to a school principal about the possibility of enrolling the children into school. The principal says “No one will take them.” (Clip 25) • What does it mean to have the right to education? • What challenges do these children face in claiming their right to education? • Should the possibility of being HIV positive affect your right to an education? • Should your economic or social status affect your right to an education? • Should being the child of a sex-worker take away that right? Explain your answers. 10. Zana is not just documenting these children, but she is enabling them to document what they see around them. What opportunity does this provide for them? 11. Reflect on the scene at the zoo where Gour was so affected by the fate of the animals. What do his words tell you about the children featured in this film? (Clip 20) 12. Documentary film often only includes the perceptions and ideas of the filmmakers. What are the pros and cons associated with this? In your opinion, was there anything that was left out of this film?
- 41. 41 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ”
- 42. 42 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 3.3 Daughters of the brothel Sometimes the doors of hell swing both ways. This much Shumi knows. She is 17 years old. She is far from her rural home. She is meant to be working in a garment factory, toiling over a sewing machine or cutting table 12 hours a day, seven days a week, to send money home to her ageing parents. But there is no factory here, no city lights or whirring industry. Just a dusty, pot-holed highway with a queue of lorries and cattle trucks and buses stretching as far as the eye can see, waiting their turn for an ancient ferry to cross the vast Padma and Jamuna Rivers. Leaning into this curve of highway is Daulatdia, a shanty town of corrugated iron and battered bricks. Shumi came here with an older woman who visited her village touting the promise of city jobs. But now she has gone. The last time the wide-eyed teenager saw her chaperone, she was tucking crumpled banknotes into the folds of her sari as she disappeared into Daulatdia’s maze of alleys without a backward glance. Conditions for sex workers vary according to their place in the brothel hierarchy. Shumi has been sold. For less than $200, her future has been deposited here, in a tiny room with a rag over a window and blankets strewn across a creaking bed. She has joined a production line, after all, albeit one where the business is lust and the output is pleasure for up to 3000 male visitors each day. With a population of more than 1300 sex workers, almost 900 children and about 500 shopkeepers supporting the trade, Daulatdia is the largest residential brothel in Bangladesh – and one of the biggest in the world. For more than six decades, it has serviced the hordes of men who travel the highway, one of the busiest trade routes in the country, as they wait to cross the Padma River, and anyone else who cares to make the trip from Dhaka, about 70 km east. And this much Shumi also now knows: she cannot go back to her village. She has no phone number and no money, and even if she could find her way there, there would be no home for her now. She is no longer daughter; she is a whore, the carrier of a scourge worse than any disease: the curse of shame.
- 43. 43 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” And so she waits. She endures the beatings from her “landlady” and gets to know the other young chukri, or bonded prostitutes, who work the madam’s rooms. During the day, Shumi sometimes joins them as they throw back their glittering headscarves, giggling, to share dreams of one day paying off their bonds and renting one of Daulatdia’s 2500 or so rooms independently. But her eyes are always veiled. Tonight, she lies still as the breathing of the man in the bed beside her steadies and deepens. She sees her chance. Until now, her obvious youth has been an enemy, drawing the gaze of lascivious visitors ever-hungry for new flesh. But this evening, as she stealthily pulls on her client’s hat and coat, she is grateful she is still coltish. She might just pass for a gawky university student who has jumped a train down from Dhaka to take his turn with the girls of Daulatdia. For once, too, the village’s nightly heave of drug-fuelled hedonism is her friend, as Shumi slips unnoticed toward one of the brothel’s narrow gateways. She has managed what few before her have achieved. As the girl flees towards the railway tracks, she passes first through a rocky, rubbish-strewn field behind the brothel. Denied burial on consecrated ground, it is here, in unmarked graves, that most of the women of Daulatdia will end their days. At what age does a child realise he or she is unclean? When does a young boy understand his place of birth has robbed him of any right to an education or healthcare, or a girl that she exists for only one awful thing? The children of Daulatdia seem happy today. They are not thinking of sin or sorrow, but of the unlikely vision of two Western women sipping soft drinks in their village’s main thoroughfare, flushed by the 35-degree heat and a relentless humidity that smothers the body like a warm, wet doona. Nearby, men spit red-tinged betel juice as they haggle with the sex workers, or blow sweet clouds of gunja smoke and play cards, waiting for the oppressive heat to fade before they choose a woman. But this knot of pre-school children has eyes only for the foreigners, erupting into delighted belly laughs when one begins talking to a large goat as it nudges insistently behind her legs for scraps. “They are trying to tell you this is a goat, not a person,” our interpreter, Tuhin Nazmul, translates helpfully for Karen Flanagan, a child protection specialist with Save the Children Australia. “They are explaining that the goats here cannot understand people.” Flanagan appreciates the irony. Save the Children has been running projects in and around Daulatdia since 1997, in recent years with support from the Australian government, and its veterans are hyper-vigilant about ideas being lost in translation. While prostitution is officially illegal in this moderate Muslim country, the Bangladeshi government has been no more successful than any other modern administration at stamping out the street sex trade in its sprawling cities. It also tolerates 14 “registered” brothels, most of which are concentrations of 100-plus sex workers living and working in self-contained communities. “More than half of Bangladesh’s 60 million children are estimated to be living below the poverty line,” says Flanagan. “And among them, children of sex workers, in and out of brothels, are undoubtedly some of the most vulnerable, because they are
- 44. 44 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” already ostracised from the community and routinely denied basic rights like education and public health.” There are three main reasons a child might find themselves in a brothel like Daulatdia, two of which involve forms of trafficking. With rural poverty rife, even as Bangladesh enjoys solid economic growth and urban expansion, young village girls like Shumi are easily enticed by strangers offering domestic work or jobs in the notorious sweatshops that feed the West’s demand for cheap fashion. The girls usually go with their parents’ earnest encouragement – and expectation that part of their pay will be sent back home – but in some cases they may be sold knowingly by their desperate families. She picked up a hot frypan and burnt him in my arms. He was 23 days old. Then she said if I tried to leave, she would kill him. “Another form of trafficking will involve a man arriving in a village and lavishing an attractive young girl with his attentions,” Flanagan says. “It’s a form of ‘grooming’, when you think about it. The girl genuinely falls in love with him, and he promises to marry her – or will actually do so – and then he takes her away and sells her to a brothel.” As nightmarish as it sounds, being sold into the sex trade for an average price of less than 20,000 taka ($270) is so commonplace, most sex workers seem surprised to be asked their feelings about it. “I just accepted the situation as my fate,” says 35-year-old Rina, after describing how an older female “friend” convinced her to run away when she was just 12, after a fight with her parents, only to sell her to a brothel days later. “I don’t like anything about the work here, but what else can I do? I was heartbroken. Then my mother died, my father died, but still my extended family won’t agree to have me back.” Just as grim is the third pathway to brothel life. “To be born here means you are instantly at risk,” says Flanagan. “Workers usually live in a single room with their children. When mothers are seeing clients, some will put their babies and young children under the bed. Later, they might be put outside in the alleyway, although some workers still try hard to monitor their children, even tying bells around their waists to keep track of them. “Obviously, girls are highly vulnerable to sexual abuse themselves, and being groomed for future work here, but the boys can be exploited as well. The clients will often use them as drug runners.” A more recent horror is the increasing use of Oradexone, a drug designed to fatten cattle, which some madams give their young workers to make them more curvaceous. The steroid can cause an array of painful side-effects, including headaches and skin rashes, and long-term use may be deadly. Neglect is a given. Babies sleep wherever their eyes fall shut, toddlers skitter between boiling cauldrons of soup and gutters choked with noxious sludge: rotting food scraps, used condoms, animal faeces. As friendly and unabashedly inquisitive as they are, many of the older children are also unnervingly intimate.
- 45. 45 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ”
- 46. 46 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” “Hello, how are you living?” a girl who looks about 11 or 12 greets me. A moment earlier, she had been chatting with her friends about hair ornaments; now she is weaving around me like a cat. “You can be my friend?” she asks, taking my hand as we walk past an open room where a semi-naked man lies prone on the floor, watching Manchester United play on a battered television. “We can be friends.” All the while, her fingers are stroking my palm. It is what she knows; after all, she has grown up in an environment where exhausted mothers must save their attentions for the highest bidder, and a woman’s ability to deliver physical affection on cue determines her worth. The day before, an older worker smiled as she took my scarf and folded it neatly, re-adjusting it to sit in place across my chest as modesty requires, even in a brothel. Seconds later, I felt a pinch on my rear and turned to find her smiling, rubbing her fingers together in the universal sign for money. The starting price for sex ºvaries widely, depending in part on the age and physical assets of the individual worker and, in turn, their own assessment of a client’s looks and ability to pay. The bottom-pinching worker has services beginning at about 200 taka. Later, I calculate the exchange rate and realise this is less than the amount I’d put in a brown paper bag for my son’s school tuckshop order just a couple of days earlier. But moral judgment is a luxury reserved for those with options. Here, life is run to suit men like Akram Shekh, a 40-year-old jute trader who doesn’t see the double standard in spending three days a week in the brothel with his mistress, a powerful madam with 11 sex workers renting her rooms, while his wife raises their two children at home, plus the daughter he fathered with another Daulatdia sex worker. “I took Eti home because, as a good father, I didn’t want to stigmatise my daughter,” he says proudly, handing me a photograph of a smiling six-year-old. “And I don’t want her to ever re-enter this world … My wife wasn’t happy looking after her at first, nor when I started coming here, but now she accepts it because I am a businessman and a good provider.” Shekh is just one of many men profiting from a trade they ostensibly denigrate. It is well-established that organised crime flourishes whenever prostitution is criminalised, and only a naïf would believe Bangladeshi police and its politicians are untouchable. So, how do you change things when an entire economy thrives on keeping you powerless? “You start with the mothers,” Flanagan says. “The grim reality is the daughter of a sex worker represents 20-30 years’ worth of earnings in the only work most of these women know … so if we want to change the future, particularly if we want to change the supply and demand for child sex workers, we have to change the mothers’ attitude and give them a stake in managing the solutions.” True to this philosophy, Save the Children coordinates most of its programs through Mukti Mohila Samity (MMS), a powerful sex workers’ collective that oversees all aspects of brothel life. Both organisations recognize a primary challenge is to help second- and third-generation sex workers to imagine life outside Daulatdia. That is why today Parul, an MMS educator, is holding a “life skills” class in the shade of a tree near Daulatdia’s rear entrance. Clustered in a small circle, the women study
- 47. 47 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” a series of laminated cartoons depicting the life of a sex worker, which ends in penury and shame, in comparison to that of a woman with an education, who funds her retirement after a career as a school teacher. “Our children see an easy cash flow here,” Parul tells them. “And they don’t have any alternative vision. But if we motivate them to go to school, they can take care of us in later life. If a child gets out of the brothel, they can get a job and take you away as well. They can get jobs that are respectable and live somewhere where people won’t know you as a sex worker.” She holds up another card, depicting several accomplished Bengali women. “We should motivate our daughters with stories of successful women, like Begum Roquia,” she says, pointing to the Muslim feminist writer whose science fiction short story, Sultana’s Dream, depicts a futuristic world where women take over after an enormous, futile war fought by men. Female scientists discover how to control the climate and build flying cars, while men are kept in seclusion. It was written more than a century ago. At the end of Parul’s presentation, I ask whether the women would like to nominate any practical initiative that would help them achieve their own dreams for the future. There is a brief silence, then their voices rise and several crowd around me. “They are saying this brothel is no place to live and the children need to get out,” Nazmul, the interpreter, says. “And they are asking you to take their children away.” Vee-see-tor!!” dozens of tiny faces line the fence of the MMS early childhood development centre, as the cry goes up to alert those playing tag nearby that a new distraction approach. It is mid-afternoon, and several hundred children have assembled for “education support”, a classroom-based program for brothel children who remain ostracised from mainstream schools, or need tutoring to support their efforts within it. Meanwhile, their younger siblings, who attend the early childhood program, linger to play and sing. Crucially, the centre’s activities extend into the evening, giving the children a respite from the pumping music and grinding flesh that proliferate behind Daulatdia’s grim walls, just metres away. “It’s out of control in there,” says 12-year-old Banna, softly-spoken in her neat, blue- and-white uniform. “I don’t like my mother’s profession. She understands I don’t want to be involved there and they [MMS] tell her she should try to protect me.” Everyone knows Banna has reached a critical point. As puberty approaches, her body is becoming more enticing to visiting men – and more attractive as an income source for her ageing mother who, like almost all brothel workers, has no retirement savings, no pension and no access to public healthcare. Fortunately, Banna is able to board with her older sister Ria, 22, who was educated with support from Save the Children, and is now married. “After school, I visit my mother,” Banna says. “She sees no escape for herself but now she is trying to help me. I tell her I’m an average student – but I’m hoping to become a doctor.” There was a time when Save the Children did something very similar to what the women in Parul’s life skills group requested, establishing a “safe house” for girls who wanted to flee the brothel. “But the problem with building institutions like that is the
- 48. 48 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” children keep coming, while the underlying issues don’t change,” explains Flanagan. Instead, now the focus of the agency, and other charities like it, is to help the workers themselves run education and childcare programs, as well as a “Safe Space” for children within the brothel. Staffed around the clock by sex workers who are trained and paid for their shifts, the neat little room is tucked just a few steps beyond one of Daulatdia’s busiest thoroughfares, a rare and orderly oasis amid the brothel’s tangle of human flesh. It is here that I discover Faith, as delicate and watchful as a sparrow, who hopes that while Safe Space represents a temporary escape for its young visitors, it might also herald a permanent one for her. “I told [MMS] I would take any kind of job to get out of here, and here they are giving me new training,” she says quietly. “I want to have a better life.” Educated in a conservative religious madrassa, and paired to a violent man in an arranged marriage when she was just 15 years old, Faith had no idea what a brothel was when she arrived in Daulatdia via a now-familiar route. “I needed to get away from my husband because he was beating me every day,” she explains. “So, when a woman said she could get me domestic work, I took my baby and went with her … It was only when the landlady started bringing men to the house and I saw the other girls with them, that I worked it out. I started shouting, saying I didn’t want to be here and I was going to leave.” Faith’s voice trails away as she pulls up the shirt of her son Nabeeh, now six years old, to reveal an angry scar that extends from his hip to his ribcage. “She picked up a hot frypan and burnt him in my arms. He was 23 days old. Then she said if I tried to leave, she would kill him – and me, too.” And so, like Shumi, Faith tucks her hope away behind veiled eyes and waits for her chance. But unlike Shumi, she has a support network now and is slowly building a life raft from her new skills. “It is hard outside, even for girls who we help with vocational education and jobs,” says MMS executive director Morjina Begum. Last year alone, the collective removed 22 underage workers from Daulatdia, as part of an ongoing awareness and intervention program aimed at stamping out underage sex work within the brothel. “But without training, it is almost impossible. They come back and we can’t stop them if they say they are over 18 years old and they want to be here. They are alone out there and this is what they know.” It takes a long time to retreat from the doors to hell. But at a drop-in service for street sex workers in Dhaka, we find Shumi. Having escaped Daulatdia, she was reluctant to work in a factory, or anywhere else where she felt she might again be trapped. “The money is better [on the street] and I decide,” she says defiantly. She can’t imagine the future, but she says she has a plan of sorts. “I want to leave this profession when my son Shawon is four or five years old, so he never has to face any comments about me, about what I do.” Now, she pays an elderly woman to care for him at night, while she sells sexual services for 100 to 300 taka.
- 49. 49 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” “I have no dreams for myself anymore,” Shumi says. “But I want Shawon to get a good education and become a lawyer.” Only later, when the young woman has been absorbed back into the mayhem of the Dhaka streets, do I learn what she has named her son. The English translation for shawon is “evening”. Good Weekend travelled to Daulatdia with the support of Save the Children Australia. Names of some sex workers have been changed to protect identities. 3.4 Doulatdia’s Women BY Claudia Hammond Photographs By: lisa wiltse Fig 3.1: Sex workers wait in a corner shop to dance for clients 3.5 Riverside Brothel The brothel opened 20 years ago, making it the newest and largest of the 14 recognised brothels in the country. It is set on the meeting point of two vast rivers, the Jamuna and the Ganges (known locally as the Padma), which makes this a very busy place to catch a ferry. Trucks carrying rice, jute, sugar cane and fish from the west and south-west of the country queue here for two or three days at a time to cross the river for the drive to the capital, Dhaka. In Bangladesh on a BBC World Service boat to look at the impact of climate change, I was surprised to find that an unexpected consequence of rising water levels is the growth in demand for prostitution. River erosion has meant the closure of some ferry berths, so men wait even longer to cross the river. And, while they wait, many of them pass the time in the company of Daulatdia’s women. The brothel feels like a vast street market. There are lines of fruit and vegetable stalls, tea stands and even a TV repairer. The only immediately visible difference between this and all the other small towns I’ve visited in Bangladesh is the presence of so many women in public. These alleyways hold 2,300 single-storey rooms with corrugated iron ceilings and cloth walls. Late morning is the peak time for business, and there is a long taxi rank of
- 50. 50 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” cycle rickshaws waiting to take the men back to the quayside when they have finished. Bangladesh isn’t the only country with entire villages devoted to prostitution. In Cambodia there’s the notorious Svay Pak, and there are Indonesian villages that house 600 prostituted women at a time. The extraordinary thing about Daulatdia is its size and its unexpectedly open atmosphere. Turning down an alleyway, I am directed past a piece of fabric draped across a doorway and find myself in the middle of someone’s room. A post-coital client is enjoying a cigarette, and hurriedly ties a sarong around his waist, scuttles off the bed and away. There’s a TV, a DVD player, a fan and a glass cabinet containing clothes. This is one of the better rooms. The woman who rents it can afford to employ a cook - a retired prostitute who is crouching outside in the narrow alleyway, preparing a chilli omelette. 3.6 The Business of Sex Slavery In the next cubicle I meet Parveen, who is happy to show me around. Her double bed is covered with a bright sunflower-patterned throw and she has cut hundreds of tiny holes in the dark red fabric that hangs as a wall behind her bed, giving the impression of fairy lights. She says it’s not hard to find clients. “It’s OK because I groom myself well. I spend two hours getting ready and then I wait outside. If I want to earn 100 taka [75p] I have to spend at least 40 taka on my face and clothes.” One hundred taka buys two big bottles of Coke. Parveen is in her 20s, so her fee is lower than for some; the underage girls can earn as much as 10 times this amount. As an independent prostitute, Parveen can keep any remaining money once she has paid the high electricity charges, her rent and the cost of childcare in a local village. “I left my two children outside the brothel because I don’t want them to grow up in this environment.” Yet more than 300 children do live inside the brothel with their mothers, kept under the bed or outside with the cook when a client arrives. The women I meet tell me that whenever they’re pregnant, they hope for daughters who can join them working in the brothel as soon as they are old enough. The bonded prostitutes, known as chukri, have the least freedom. Their average age on entering the brothel is 14; they have usually been kidnapped by gangs, sold by stepmothers, or lured here by boyfriends with promises of good jobs. I meet a bonded woman who is dressed in a pretty red sari. She tells me that she must see three or four clients each day and then another during the night. “I’ve been here 10 years after I was trafficked and someone sold me. I’m from Chittagong, a port far away from here.” She pauses and then says: “I’m really not happy.” After a fixed period of time, bonded women can buy their freedom. She hopes to do so within the next year or two. No longer a slave, she would in theory be free to leave. But despite the fact that she was kidnapped, her family won’t have her back because of the shame associated with her job, so the most likely outcome is that she will stay here and become an independent prostitute. In the brothel hierarchy, those who are bonded have the least freedom, but even those who chose to come here tell me that they felt they had no alternative. In research at this brothel in 2005, the humanitarian organisation Terre des Hommes found the main reasons for entering the brothel to be poverty, deception, abuse and coercion. Parveen arrived 10 years ago to escape from a husband so abusive that it was worth the risk of meeting violent clients here, she says. “I was married, but my husband violated me so often that in the end I couldn’t bear it anymore, so I came here.”
- 51. 51 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 3.2: Sex workers cover the faces while waiting for customers. Despite Muslim strictures on sex outside marriage, there are 100,000 women selling sex in Bangladesh. And clients are surprisingly open about the fact that they visit them: my BBC baseball hat and large microphone didn’t deter them from speaking to me. “I’m a businessman,” says one, “so I stay in the port overnight and then leave next day. I always visit the same sex worker.” Is he married? He nods. And does his wife know he comes here? He laughs, “Oh, no, she doesn’t know.” Fig 3.3: Underage sex worker Sonia prepares her room for evening clients
- 52. 52 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” A Picture can express a lot
- 53. 53 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ”
- 54. 54 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ”
- 55. 55 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ”
- 56. 56 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ”
- 57. 57 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ”
- 58. 58 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Unprotected Fig 3.4: Underage sex workers Bristi waiting in the alleyways for customers Landlords and madams profit from the women selling sex, but so do others. The grocery shops, tailors and fruit stalls all overcharge for goods sold inside the brothel. Affording the basics is so difficult that hope of winning the star prize of a plastic cup or a bar of soap attracts plenty of women to the safe sex workshops held in the afternoon. They sit on mats in a leafy courtyard, immaculately dressed in red, orange and yellow saris, while a plastic phallus is passed around for condom-unrolling practice. The safe sex workshops are run by the Bangladesh Women’s Health Coalition (BHWC), with funding from the World Bank and the Department for International Development. The women sleep with an average of 19 clients a week, and 60% say their last client didn’t use a condom. Despite this, the official HIV rate among sex workers is low - just 1%. A group of prostituted women have been specially trained to teach the others about safe sex. Fig 3.5: Underage sex worker Sonia prepares for her evening clients Mrs Pankee, who is running today’s class, holds up an unforgettable, laminated photograph of ulcerated penises covered in suppurating sores, warning the women to avoid touching them. The women are assertive and seem to know plenty about safe sex, telling me they throw men out if they refuse to use a condom. The bonded prostitutes are most at risk because their madams often agree to let men pay more for not using a condom. Ever determined to find a way to get the message across, the BHWC has introduced the Best Madam award for the madam who knows the most about safe sex. But there is one group of clients that doesn’t traditionally use condoms. These are the women’s long-term lovers - known as babus - who often run shops within the brothel. The women tell me, “We’ve known the lovers a long time, so we don’t mind not using condoms with them. We love them, so we trust them.” But with many of the babus having wives back at home, the fear is that they might act as a bridge population spreading disease into or out of the brothel. A group of babus cheerfully tell me that they enjoy the men’s safe- sex classes so much that they come every afternoon. Each of the eight men insists that they always use a condom. As we turn to leave the courtyard, though, BWHC’s deputy executive director, Julia Ahmed, says: “They are lying to you. I really don’t think it is the whole truth.”
- 59. 59 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 3.6: Young girls doing the washing in the back of the brothel that also serves as a graveyard for prostitutes. 3.7 No Place to Go The far end of the main alleyway gives way to a green field where a few goats are grazing. For the first time I can see the sky and hear the birds singing. This is where some of the women will end up. In 2000, the high court in Bangladesh declared that prostitution is not illegal, but there’s no doubt that it remains taboo: women in prostitu- tion here have no rights to burial in consecrated ground, so this peaceful field behind the brothel is their graveyard. Not that anyone I meet intends to spend their whole life here. Each has a plan to leave, just not quite yet. “I know I have to go out at some time,” says Parveen. “I’ll stay here maybe one or two more years. I would prefer to leave the country, but I don’t know what sort of job I could do.” The women know that they will find it hard to start anew due to the way they are viewed by the rest of society; the same society from which 3,000 men come to visit them every day. To rid themselves of the shame they feel, the women often give some of their hard-earned cash to the beggars hanging around hopefully in the brothel’s alleyways. One woman tells me she has been thinking about leaving for 10 years in order to build a small house for her and her two children. But Ahmed isn’t optimistic about their life chances outside Daulatdia. “Sometimes they leave, but they always come back. They can’t get work outside. They get habituated to this profession and this environment, Fig 3.7: Underage girl waiting for a client
- 60. 60 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Daulatdia, in Bangladesh, is one of the largest brothels in the world - a village of 1,600 women who sell sex to 3,000 men every day. As Claudia Hammond found, it is a punishing place that few will ever leave. Arriving at the port of Goalundo Ghat, you would never guess that it houses a brothel visited by 3,000 men every day. It is a dusty town filled with long queues of trucks, shops with corrugated iron roofs lining the main street either side of an old railway line, and men, boys and the occasional goat strolling around. Walk just a few paces down a tiny side street, though, and you come to another world entirely: Daulatdia, the biggest brothel in Bangladesh. A settlement big enough to count as a village in its own right, this mass of alleyways is where 1,600 women and girls live and sell sex. The brothel opened 20 years ago, making it the newest and largest of the 14 recognized brothels in the country. It is set on the meeting point of two vast rivers, the Jamuna and the Ganges (known locally as the Padma), which makes this a very busy place to catch a ferry. Trucks carrying rice, jute, sugar cane and fish from the west and south-west of the country queue here for two or three days at a time to cross the river for the drive to the capital, Dhaka. In Bangladesh on a BBC World Service boat to look at the impact of climate change, I was surprised to find that an unexpected consequence of rising water levels is the growth in demand for prostitution. River erosion has meant the closure of some ferry berths, so men wait even longer to cross the river. And, while they wait, many of them pass the time in the company of Dau- latdia’s women. The brothel feels like a vast street markets. There are lines of fruit and vegetable stalls, tea stands and even a TV repairer. The only immediately visible difference between this and all the other small towns I’ve visited in Bangladesh is the presence of so many women in public. These alleyways hold 2,300 single-story rooms with corrugated iron ceilings and cloth walls. Late morning is the peak time for business, and there is a long taxi rank of cycle rickshaws waiting to take the men back to the quayside when they have finished. Bangladesh isn’t the only country with entire villages devoted to prostitution. In Cambodia there’s the notorious Svay Pak, and there are Indonesian villages that house 600 prostituted women at a time. The extraordinary thing about Daulatdia is its size and its unexpectedly open atmosphere. Turning down an alleyway, I am directed past a piece of fabric draped across a doorway and find myself in the middle of someone’s room. A post-coital client is enjoying a cigarette, and hurriedly ties a sarong around his waist, scuttles off the bed and away. There’s a TV, a DVD player, a fan and a glass cabinet containing clothes. This is one of the better rooms. The woman who rents it can afford to employ a cook - a retired prostitute who is crouching outside in the narrow alleyway, preparing a chilli omelette. The next cubicle I meet Parveen, who is happy to show me around. Her double bed is covered with a bright sunflower- patterned throw and she has cut hun- dreds of tiny holes in the dark red fabric that hangs as a wall behind her bed, giving the impression of fairy lights. She says it’s not hard to find clients. “It’s OK because I groom myself well. I spend two hours getting ready and then I wait outside. If I want to earn 100 taka [75p] I have to spend at least 40 taka on my face and clothes.” One hundred taka buys two big bottles of Coke. Fig 3.8: She prepare herself for evening client
- 61. 61 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Parveen is in her 20s, so her fee is lower than for some; the underage girls can earn as much as 10 times this amount. As an independent prostitute, Parveen can keep any remaining money once she has paid the high electricity charges, her rent and the cost of childcare in a local “They get habituated to this profession and this environment, and they find it cozier here.” village. “I left my two children outside the brothel because I don’t want them to grow up in this environment.” Yet more than 300 children do live inside the brothel with their mothers, kept under the bed or outside with the cook when a client arrives. The women I meet tell me that whenever they’re pregnant, they hope for daughters who can join them working in the brothel as soon as they are old enough. The bonded prostitutes, known as “chukri”, have the least freedom. Their average age on entering the brothel is 14; they have usually been kidnapped by gangs, sold by stepmothers, or lured here by boyfriends with promises of good jobs. I meet a bonded woman who is dressed in a pretty red sari. She tells me that she must see three or four clients each day and then another during the night. “I’ve been here 10 years after I was trafficked and someone sold me. I’m from Chittagong, a port far away from here.” She pauses and then says: “I’m really not happy.” After a fixed period of time, bonded women can buy their freedom. She hopes to do so within the next year or two. No longer a slave, she would in theory be free to leave. But despite the fact that she was kidnapped, her family won’t have her back because of the shame associated with her job, so the most likely outcome is that she will stay here and become an independent prostitute. In the brothel hierarchy, those who are bonded have the least freedom, but even those who chose to come here tell me that they felt they had no alternative. In re- search at this brothel in 2005, the humanitarian organization Terre des Hommes found the main reasons for entering the brothel to be poverty, deception, abuse and coercion. Parveen arrived 10 years ago to escape from a husband so abusive that it was worth the risk of meeting violent clients here, she says. “I was married, but my husband violated me so often that in the end I couldn’t bear it anymore, so I came here.” Despite Muslim strictures on sex outside marriage, there are 100,000 women selling sex in Bangladesh. And clients are surprisingly open about the fact that they visit them: my BBC baseball hat and large microphone didn’t deter them from speaking to me. “I’m a businessman,” says one, “so I stay in the port overnight and then leave next day. I always visit the same sex worker.” Is he married? He nods. And does his wife know he comes here? He laughs, “Oh, no, she doesn’t know.” Landlords and madams profit from the women selling sex, but so do others. The grocery shops, tailors and fruit stalls all overcharge for goods sold inside the brothel. They sit on mats in a leafy courtyard, immaculately dressed in red, orange and yellow saris, while a plastic phallus is passed around for condom-unrolling practice. The safe sex workshops are run by the Bangladesh Women’s Health Coalition (BHWC), with funding from the World Bank and the Department for International Development. The women sleep with an average of 19 clients a week, and 60% say their last client didn’t use a condom. Despite this, the official HIV rate among sex workers is low - just 1%.
- 62. 62 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” A group of prostituted women have been specially trained to teach the others about safe sex. Mrs Pankee, who is running today’s class, holds up an unforgettable, lami- nated photograph of ulcerated penises covered in suppurating sores, warning the women to avoid touching them. The women are assertive and seem to know plenty about safe sex, telling me they throw men out if they refuse to use a condom. The bonded prostitutes are most at risk because their madams often agree to let men pay more for not using a condom. Ever determined to find a way to get the message across, Fig 3.9: Young girls born into the brothel play in the fields by a small lake in the back of the brothel that also serves as a graveyard for prostitutes. 3.8 Paper cutting
- 63. 63 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ”
- 64. 64 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ”
- 65. 65 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” CHAPTER 4 Case Study 4.1 SOS Children Village, Dhaka 4.2 SOS Children Village, Bogra 4.3 SOS Youth village, Mirpur 4.4 Hermann Gmainer School 4.5 Banchta Shekha 4.6 SOS Children village Chittagong 4.7 SOS Children village Rajshahi 4.8 SOS Children’s village Anuradhapura, Srilanka
- 66. 66 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” INTRODUCTION OF CASE STUDIES The case studies for this particular project have been done on projects existing in the country and abroad. All the studies have been done keeping in mind the context of the site, the program requirements of "children's villages" in general and to acquire basic knowledge about how child rehabilitations work both in the country and abroad. Case studies on the SOS children villages have been done, as the program requirement and space is very similar to that of a street children rehabilitation center. Only few functions are different. According to previous writings in Chapter 3 -4: About street children rehabilitation centers, this center in Gazipur treats all the children specially and equally, recognizing the exceptional qualities of each of them and fulfilling all sorts of needs that may be required to help them grow into an independent human being. The case studies have been done so as to compare the different aspects to be considered while going into the depths of designing. By studying different types of centers like orphanages it was possible to understand what the differences were and what the lacking. This was very important as street children rehabilitation center of this kind is very rich in its philosophical belief in comparison to other general orphanages and street children centers all over the country and abroad. A case study report of a SOS Children's Village Anuradhapura, Srilanka, SOS Children's Villlage, Bogra, Hermann Gmeiner School and SOS youth village, Mirpur brings meaning to the requirement list provided by the child rehabilitation center.
- 67. 67 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGE BANGLADESH – OVERVIEW Fig 4.1: Map Show the Position of SOS Villages in Different Place
- 68. 68 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 4.1 SOS CHILDREN VILLAGE, DHAKA SOS Children's Villages has been present in Bangladesh since 1973 when we started supporting vulnerable children in the capital city of Dhaka. Poverty is widespread in this densely-populated southern Asian country, and political instability and environmental factors cause further misery. SOS Children's Village Dhaka is situated on a main road leading out of the city to the north and consists of 15 family house Programs ▪ 15 family houses ▪ Administration ▪ SOS Hermann Gmeiner School ▪ mosque ▪ Play field ▪ SOS social center ▪ Day-care center ▪ Health counseling ▪ Training workshops ▪ Community support Fig 4.2: Children’s play area There is a training workshop, a day-care center for children of working mothers from the neighborhood and an evening school. Since most of the children are Muslims, a small mosque was built inside the SOS Children's Village. A few Hindu children also live at SOS Children's Village Dhaka. They are raised by the SOS mothers in their own religion. After the devastating storms and floods of 1991, a cyclone shelter was built in the city, which is also used as a mosque and as a communication center for the local population. Fig 4.3: Entry point of the complex Fig 4.4: View of the auditorium
- 69. 69 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 4.5: View of mosque Fig 4.6: View of entry point There is also an SOS Youth Facility on the site of the SOS Children's Village, where young people from all the SOS Children's Villages of Bangladesh can live during the time of their vocational and professional training. Here they learn to live independently and acquire professional skills in the adjoining SOS Vocational Training Centre. This centre offers training in electrical and mechanical engineering, car mechanics and carpentry. Since 1986, there has also been an SOS Hermann Gmeiner Primary and Secondary School. Children from the SOS Children's Village and the surrounding residential area are taught together. There was a great need for this school, since educational facilities are very limited in Bangladesh. The school has acquired an excellent reputation as one of the country's best educational establishments. Fig 4.7: View of admin building Fig 4.8: View of seating place Fig 4.9: View from the play field
- 70. 70 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Findings - 15 family houses, separated in 3 paras: - Dishari para - Sonali para & - Momota para - Remarkable entry - large play field
- 71. 71 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 4.2 SOS CHILDREN VILLAGE, BOGRA Architect: Rajiul Ahsan. SOS Children’s Village Bogra is situated about 225 km to the west of Dhaka and 8 km to the north of Bogra. It was designed by late architect Raziul Ahsan The historically famous site of Mahastangarh is in the hills nearby. The area is rather rural; people of the local community live mainly on agriculture. Programs -Ten family houses -The village director’s house -Aunts’ (family helpers’) house -A communal building -Administration -SOS Kindergarten -SOS Hermann Gmeiner School -Play field -SOS social centre -Day-care centre -Health counseling -Training workshops -Community support Social system The Mother: Each child has a caring parent The most important person for the children's personal development on the road to self-reliance is their SOS mother. She builds an emotional bond with each child entrusted to her care and provides the security they need. She is a child care professional who recognizes and respects each child's family background, cultural roots and religion. Brothers and sisters: Family ties are built Girls and boys of different ages live together as brothers and sisters. Siblings are not separated when they arrive at the village and live together in the same SOS family. These children, together with their SOS mother, build emotional ties that last a lifetime. The House: Each family creates its own home The house is the family's home, with its own unique feeling, rhythm and routine. Under its roof, children enjoy a real sense of security and belonging. Children grow and learn together, sharing responsibilities and the joys and sorrows of daily life.
- 72. 72 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” The Village: The SOS family is part of the community The SOS Children's Village is an integral part of the community in its location, design and every other aspect. SOS families are grouped together, enabling them to share experiences and offer one another a helping hand. Within this supportive environment child learn to trust and believe in others and themselves. Fig 4.10: Family House Fig 4.11: View from the School
- 73. 73 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ”
- 74. 74 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” ZONING ANATYSIS From the zoning analysis, is has been observed the school section and administration is located near the entrance of the area, which can be said the public zone. The sport zone is located in such a way it cannot be accessed directly from the main entrance. Its access is from the school zone and the residential zone. this sport zone can be said the semi-public zone. The residential area is completely isolated from the public zone, and is treated as private zone with internal courtyard.
- 75. 75 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Design Criteria: -central courtyard surrounded by 10 family houses - admin, school, college & social center located near the entry -community house, guest & aunts' rooms & multipurpose hall located beside the admin. Fig 4.12: View from building Fig 4.13: View from corridor
- 76. 76 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 4.14: View of school plaza Fig 4.15: View of outdoor seating Circulation: -pathways connect all functions -whole village is pedestrianised -different levels of walkways breaks monotony -changes vision -defines individual space Fig 4.16: Interior view, along hall Fig 4.17: Exterior view, showing maintain scale: -one/two-storied buildings to have intimate & domestic scale -pitched roof to scale down heights -greens created in different layers for children's scale Hierarchy of open space: -courtyard connects all houses, a view of open space -gathering spaces for formal & informal chats, community spaces -individual playground, sports -public square, courtyard, opening & niches Hierarchy of functions: -spaces connect interior & exterior through active transitional spaces -public space, semi-public space, private space -institutional space(formal), residential space(informal)
- 77. 77 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 4.18: Exterior view Fig 4.19: Exterior view Fig 4.20: Exterior view Fig 4.21: Exterior view Fig 4.22: Exterior view (RAMP)
- 78. 78 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Climatic aspects: -Better wind flow -Orientation is considered -Cross ventilation & natural light -Using brick to reduce cost -Load bearing walls Findings Fig 4.23: Art work from the Family house This concept of children living in a family house instead of dormitories is a very well thought option as children who have no family gets to know what a family is like and get the love and care a child should get from the mother. They also learn to share, as there are other children who are now brothers and sisters. They learn to live in a community which will help them survive in the outside world. Fig 4.24: Exterior view from School Courtyard Fig 4.25: Art work of the children of Family house
- 79. 79 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 4.3 SOS YOUTH VILLAGE AT MIRPUR Mirpur,Dhaka Arct: Raziul Ahsan Client: SOS foundation Area: 1.45 Acres, which is allocated by the Government of Bangladesh.Established: 1985 Project Brief Architect: Raziul Ahsan Address: Plot # 01, Main Road # 01, Block # A, Section #13, Mirpur Housing Esate, Dhaka. Client: SOS Foundation Area of Site: 1.45 Acres, which is allocated by the Government of Bangladesh. Established: 1985 Objective The main objective is to help and guide the orphan young boys in the process of preparing them through higher education and skill training, so that they are in. a position to integrate themselves in to society as law-abiding & productive citizens. Design Criteria There are four particular functions in this village: 1. Administrative 2. Hostel 3. Common facilities and dining. 4. Workshop The site is divided into four zones according to the functions. The design is highly influenced by the traditional and regional architecture of Bangladesh. It reflects the traditional lay-out of our country house. "Court" which is the most important
- 80. 80 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” character of our architecture is created successfully, around which the functions are arranged. Vaulted roof with its inclined sun-shade provides a building form which is similar to the thatched roof hut of rural area of Bangladesh. Fig 4.26: section-AA Fig 4.27: East Elevation Fig 4.28: West Elevation Program Administration with Directors Residence: Centrally located, so that it can easily supervise and coordinate all other functions. Hostels: About 90 seats in 3 hostels. Each of the hostels is self-contained with toilets and prayer room. Hostels are double storied with small terraces. Hostels are arranged around the courts. Multipurpose Hall: A large hall room, which has multiple use. It is separated into two parts by sliding wooden doors. Larger part is used as the dining hall which is supported by a kitchen. Other part is used as the recreation room. It is converted into large single room for the occasions. It is centrally located.
- 81. 81 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Work Shop: Located south-west corner of the site. Electrical, mechanical tailoring etc., training is given here. Court Yard: A large east-west elongated green court makes the environment intimate and lively. All the functions are located around the court. Play Field: At the west side of the youth village there is a play field. 1.Administration/director’s residence 2.Dining hall/Common facilities 3.Hostel blocks 4.Multipurpose pavilions 5.water tank 6.Guard room 7.Garage 8.vocational training center 9.workshop Fig 4.29: Roof plan of SOS youth Hostel block In ground floor there are four bed rooms and in first floor there are two bed rooms. One room is for every four students. One toilet for every eight. One wall closet for each. Tutors room is attached with the dormitory. There is a reading room with every block. Because of the scattered form every room is getting proper sun light and wind. The compact form allows minimum circulation space. But the corridor and the stair case does not get proper sun light. The study lounge is quite dark because of the verandah. The study lounge should get proper sun light and cross ventilation. One room for every four students. Each student has their own bed and a reading table. The room is rectangular and the window in the shorter side. But still the room
- 82. 82 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” enlighten. Everybody get quite a large space in the middle. Rooms are big enough for four students. The architect makes a prototype of the hostel block and then copies the design four times. That's why shading devices are not properly designed. For example, which shading device is necessary for west wall architect put that in north wall. The vault roof destroys the opportunity to add floors. On the other hand, flat roof top could be used as a terrace. Fig 4.30: Ground floor plan Fig 4.31: First floor plan Fig 4.33: Exterior view Fig 4.32: Circulation layout plan
- 83. 83 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Dining hall: Budget of the project was limited. That’s why to minimizes the construction cost the architect design multiple function in a particular space. The which was designed for common facilities now used for mother’s training center, dining hall and bachelor accommodations. Mother training center is the place where hostel supervisor is taught how to behave with the children and how to supervise them. There is a small court which is covered with a green plastic corrugated sheet. This court used as a gathering space for students and mothers. The floor of the court is soft paved. Floor materials is totally different from other space. Shading device: In east and west side architect recess the window at least 20”and then under the skill level there is a flower bed. On the other hand, the vault roof’s extended inclined shading device provide shade in north and south side. Fig 4.34: Window shading Economic Aspects The total cost of the village is carried by the SOS foundation. The total construction cost is carried by the foundation but the plot is donated by Bangladesh govt. The architect tried to minimize the construction cost by providing multiple uses in a particular function such as conference room is used as the study room at night. Again the auditorium is used partly as the dining hall and recreational room but it becomes an auditorium for the occasions. These multiple use of a particular space minimized a handsome amount. Socio-cultural Features It is completely a human welfare organization. It helps and guides the orphan young boys in the process of preparing them through education and skill training so that they can establish themselves future life.
- 84. 84 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” SOS Youth Village Fig 4.35: Satellite image of sos youth village Hermann Gmeiner School FINDINGS • No provision for extra income. • Minimum circulation space. • Different types of outdoor space. • Secured for students. • Multiple use of specific space.
- 85. 85 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 4.4 HERMANN GMEINER SCHOOL Architect: Late Architect Raziul Ahsan, Nahas Khalil A plot of land beside the main road measuring approximately 8094 sq m and only a few plots away from the SOS youth village was procured for constructing the Hermann Gmeiner School, which has class from nursery up to college level. Otherfacilities included an administrative section, five laboratories, a library, gymnasium-cum-auditorium, a projection room, a basketball court and a playfield. Two blocks for junior and senior classes were placed on the northern and southern side of the plotseparated by a play field. All other facilities were placed on the eastern block running north-south. The entire school is linked by a single loaded corridor which connects the class rooms and provides better light and air in the interior. Deep over-hangs and projecting eves similar to SOS youth village run all around the building protecting the exposed brick work. Small courts provide ventilation and light and serve as play areas for the children. Open to sky terraces and wide corridors become play spaces during the recess hour. The wide corridor provides ample exibtion spaces. An elaborate children's play area with play equipment is provided adjacent to their class rooms. RC column and spread foundation was used for the extra depth below grade and composite brick and RC columns were used for load bearing. The structural system of the youth village consists of brick foundations, load bearing walls, vaulted roof and RC eaves. Exposed machine made bricks, virtually maintenance free, are used both inside and outside of building. ZONING ANALYSIS
- 86. 86 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 4.36: School ploy field, Fig 4.37: School ploy field Fig 4.38: Basket boll court, FIG 4.39: School outside corridor, Fig 4.40: School corridor outside classrooms. Fig 4.41: Circulation area
- 87. 87 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 4.42: Seating facilities at the terrace Fig 4.43: Seating facilities at the terrace Fig 4.44: Visually permeable space, Fig 4.45: Visually permeable space The space has very breathing environment as the corridors are vissually permeable to each other, which increasses the interaction between the students. The interesting seating zone creates creates semi private like space which creates spaces for the students to sudy in group.
- 88. 88 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 4.46: Entrance of natural light in the Fig 4.47: natural light create heaven internal corridores Fig 4.48: Backyard of junior section with soft surface ploy ground,
- 89. 89 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 4.5 BANCHTA SHEKHA, JESSORE Architect – Shaiful Haq User – homeless children Programs – training center, administration, multipurpose, dinning, trainers flat, dormitory Project brief – Bangladesh is one of the most populated countries of the world having a population density of 835 people /square kilometers. Of the total population of Bangladesh almost half the number is women. The status of orphans is lower than normal children. Orphans have limited opportunities for education, training, employment and participation in the overall development process. Banchta shekha is one kind of organization which helps them to lead their life like normal human being. Total student number is 200. Fig 4.49: layout plan Fig 4.50: section-AA Fig 4.51: section-BB
- 90. 90 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 4.52: Front Elevation FINDINGS -Courtyard system connected all housing and administration. Wind can enter from any side of the site. -Corridors connect all the rooms with deep verandahs to reduce heat. -Orientation is considered in this project. -All dormitories are in north south direction. -Brick used to make it a low cost building. -Load bearing walls used as structural element. -Proper use of shading devices. -Combination of pitch and flat roof used. -Green used in different levels to match the scale of children. Fig 4.53: Central court view Fig 4.54: Exterior view
- 91. 91 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 4.6 SOS CHILDREN'S VILLAGE CHITTAGONG The plan for the construction of the fourth SOS Children's Village of Bangladesh in the seaport of Chittagong was made after the great flood disaster of 1986, when 50,000 people lost their lives and many children were left orphaned and homeless in several islands of Chittagong province. Chittagong is the country's second largest city. SOS Children's Village Chittagong was built in 1989 on an area of 1.5 hectares in the middle of Chittagong, only 5 minutes from the city centre. It consists of 12 family houses, the village director's house, an aunts' (family helpers') house, a communal building with an administration area, a mosque and an SOS Kindergarten. The SOS Social Centre, which offers medical care, is of great importance to the surrounding slum areas. Fig 4.55: Outdoor play area Fig 4.56: Outdoor play area 4.7 SOS CHILDRENS VILLAGE, RAJSHAHI The second SOS Children's Village of Bangladesh was opened in Rajshahi in December 1979, in the "International Year of the Child". Rajshahi is located in the West of the country, close to the Indian border SOS Children's Village Rajshahi consists of 15 family houses, the village director's house, an aunts' (family helpers') house, an SOS Kindergarten, a communal building, an administration area and a building with a village shop and a library. Fig 4.57: SOS children’s village, Rajshahi Fig 4.58: SOS children’s village, Rajshahi
- 92. 92 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 4.8 SOS CHILDREN’S VILLAGE ANURADHAPURA, SRILANKA Architect: Chelvadurai Anjalendran SOS Children's Village Anuradhapura, which is a loving home to 140 children was dedicated to SriLankan children on January 27, L997 by SOS Children's Villages President Helmut Kutin. An SOS Kindergarten, an SOS Hermann Gmeiner Social Centre, Youth Facility for boys and girls and Computer Training Centre are catering to the needs of children of the Village as well as the community in the vicinity. This SOS Children's Village, which is located at Dahaiyagama, approximately 2 km from Anuradhapura, consists of 14 family houses and the usual additional buildings. The kindergarten has four group rooms, where up to 110 children both from the SOS Children's Village and from its neighborhood can be looked after. There is also an SOS Youth Facility and an SOS Vocational Training Centre, which offers computer courses and technical training (motor mechanics and welding). Older boys from the SOS Children's Village normally move to the SOS Youth Facility when they start a vocational training course or go on to higher education in order to learn to shoulder responsibility and to start making their own decisions. Fig 4.59: SOS ploy ground Fig 4.60: Vocational training Fig 4.61: The mother house Fig 4.62: The community house photo
- 93. 93 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 4.63: Mother House Fig 4.64: The Community House Fig 4.65: The Mother House Plan Fig 4.66: Zoning
- 94. 94 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 4.67: Section A A Fig 4.67: The Community House
- 95. 95 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 4.68: Mother House
- 96. 96 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 4.69: Circulation Fig 4.70: Ratio of hard and soft surface
- 97. 97 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” CHAPTER 5 Program (development) 5.1 Detail Program analysis 5.2 Total build area calculation
- 98. 98 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 5.1 Detail Program analysis No. of children Age limit Year’s Basic Need School 40 3-4 Care unit, health, food, education, home Nursery, KG 200 5-9 health, food, education, home, games Primary 250 10-14 health, food, education, home, entertain Secondary 250 15-18 + Invention, self-defendant Vocational NO. Program Description 1 Administration Project management office 2 School Primary, high school, vocational & extra curriculum activities school 3 Dormitory and Safe home Stuff Dormitory Boys Hostel Girls safe home & child care unit 4 Health Health clinic and hospitality 5 Guest House For foreign delegate 6 Common Facilities Multipurpose hall, Library, Cafeteria, GYM, Indoor games, Swimming, Prayer space, Amphitheater 7 Governmental & Public Special Police Facilities Boys Dormitory (100 student) Lobby & reception Dorm Tutors room 2(common room+dining) Bed room Bathroom (Male) Kitchen + store Laundry
- 99. 99 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Library & Research Facilities (70seats minimum) Space for Book collection Reading area (minimum of 75 seats) Lobby Waiting space Liberians room Assist. Liberians room Baggage & reception space Administration room Store Research area Research officer room Ass Research officer room Toilet Multipurpose Hall Lobby Store Hall room Green room Wash room Kitchen area (25% of hall room) Receiving area Toilet Guest House Bed room Dining Living Common facilities Gymnasium GYM Toilet+ Changing (male) Toilet+ Changing (female) Trainer’s room Games room Dormitory (For Stuff) Lobby & reception Manager’s room Ass. Manager’s room
- 100. 100 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Staff accommodation Dining Single bed Toilet Kitchen Store Laundry Administration Reception & Lobby Waiting Conference room Chairmen room Manager’s room Asst. Manager’s room Cultural Officers room Research Officer’s room Accountant room Asst. Accountant room Stuff room Public relation officer’s room Health Officer’s room Store room Toilet Kitchenette Child care center (KG, Nursery) General area Block Alcove Reading & Listening area Doll & housekeeping area Art area Tutoring booth Cubicles Toilet Teachers Utility area Outdoor play area Elementary & Secondary School Lobby Class room Type 1 Class room Type 2 Teachers room Principal room Library Activity Discussion Toilet (Male) Laboratory Common room Toilet (Female)
- 101. 101 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Vocational Institute Lobby Class room Laboratory Faculty Library Toilet Health clinic & Hospitality Reception Lobby Single bed Patient Toilet Doctor’s room Isolated Bed Examination / Treatment Clean Utility Pantry Pharmacy Nurse station Toilet 5.2 Total Build Area of my Project (sft) No. Program/Function Total (sft) No.of floor 1 Administration/office 15,208 2 2 Library 5,149 1 3 Training center 5,149 1 4 Multipurpose 9,575 1 5 Special Security 773 1 6 Guard 536 1 7 Boys Dormitory 6,800 2 8 Kitchen Dining 6,820 2 9 Elementary school 8,508 2 10 Secondary school 12,389 1 11 Vocational 12,389 1 12 Extra curriculum school 7,340 2 13 Family House (9 block) 22,826 2 14 Health clinic 16,764 2 15 Staff dormitory 4,502 2 16 Vip Dormitory 2,810 2 Total Area 1,37,538 sft Site area : 4,92,663 sft Total Build area : 1,37,538 sft (27%)
- 102. 102 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” CHAPTER 6 (Design Phase) Conceptual analysis 6.1 Concept Development 6.2 Target from The Study and Analysis 6.3 Zoning (conceptual) 6.4 Plan Development Phase-1 6.5 Phase-2 6.6 Phase-3 6.7 Phase-4 6.8 Phase-5 6.9 Design Development Space Design in details
- 103. 103 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 6.1 Concept development etc. “All kids need is a little help, a little hope and someone who believes in them” - Magic Johnson. The children whom born into “Brothel” they didn’t let prostitution become their destiny. A new born child never knows what about the future. How to keep a child those environment, that these children grown up as like as that situation? When a child born into a Brothel, they have to accept the condition of brothel. But why??? Every child has the rights to grown up in a beautiful environment which I told “protective environment”. The Brothel & civil society, in between these two I wanted to make “A Corridor”, where the children come from Brothel and also civil society children. So that I think there is no difference in between these children. “A person is a person, No matter how small, and where they come from”- Dr.seuss. In this corridor they can learn about “Social awareness”, “Education”, a shelter to explore his/herself, “Social gathering space”, A Vocational training center for empower, Finally A safe home for these “Brothel Child” Fig 6.1: conceptual sketch. (A Corridor) “A MOTHER is she who can take the place of all others; but whose place no one else can take”. When the mothers of the brothel child told me to ensuring the interaction between mother & Children, then I thought I didn’t make any boundary wall besides the Brothel. So I wanted to make a solution where
- 104. 104 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” mother never feel that their children not so far from them. If they want, they can monitor their children but they can’t cross the border. For those mothers who wanted to physically meet with their children, they must come by using underpass of the embankment. Fig 6.2: conceptual sketch of the boundary between brothel and the project Fig 6.3: Physiological Barrier of my Site
- 105. 105 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 6.2 Target from The Study and Analysis
- 106. 106 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 6.3 Conceptual Zoning 6.4 Plan Development Phase-01
- 107. 107 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 6.5 Design Development Phase-02 6.6 Design Development Phase-03 (Safe/Family House)
- 108. 108 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 6.7 Design Development Phase-04 6.8 Design Development Phase-05/ Mokh up Jury Fig 6.4: Main Entry of the project
- 109. 109 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 6.5: Master plan Fig 6.6: Master plan Zoning
- 110. 110 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 6.7: Gathering Space Children with Mother Fig 6.8: Children’s play in the courtyard and the corridor Fig 6.9: Children play area
- 111. 111 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 6.10: Entry of the Family house/ safe home Fig 6.11: Primary School (Bornomala) Fig 6.12: School Field
- 112. 112 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 6.13: Public Library Fig 6.14: Library, Multipurpose and Office Fig 6.15: Perspective of the Public area
- 113. 113 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 6.9 Design Development Space Design in details Fig 6.16: Family House (Conceptual) Fig 6.17: Conceptual Schematic
- 114. 114 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 6.18: Interaction Space idea between Mother and Children
- 115. 115 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 6.19: Extra-Ordinary School idea
- 116. 116 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” CHAPTER 7 Final Design 7.1 Functional Zoning 7.2 Master Plan 7.3 All Elevation & Section 7.4 Detail Section 7.5.a Admin Block (1st floor Plan) 7.5.b Admin Block (Roof Plan) 7.5.c School Block (1st Floor Plan) 7.5.d School Block (Roof Plan) 7.5.e Boys Dormitory Block 7.5.f “Shishu niketon” and Healthcare Centre 7.5.g Family House Cluster (Type-B) 1st floor 7.5.h Family House Cluster (Type-B) Roof top 7.6 Perspective View of the Project 7.7 Model Photographs
- 117. 117 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 7.1 Functional Zoning
- 118. 7.2 Master Plan
- 119. 119 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 7.3 All Elevation & Section Fig 7.1: East Elevation Fig 7.2: North Elevation Fig 7.3: South Elevation Fig 7.8: West Elevation Fig 7.9: Section B B
- 120. 7.4 Detail Section Fig 7.10: Section E E’ Fig 7.11: Section F F’ Fig 7.12: Section C C’ Fig 7.13: Section D D’
- 121. 121 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 7.5.a Admin Block (1st floor Plan)
- 122. 122 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 7.5.b Admin Block (Roof Plan)
- 123. 123 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 7.5.c School Block (1st Floor Plan)
- 124. 124 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 7.5.d School Block (Roof Plan)
- 125. 125 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 7.5.e Boys Dormitory Block
- 126. 126 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 7.5.f “Shishu niketon” and Healthcare Centre
- 127. 127 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 7.5.g Family House Cluster (Type-B) 1st floor
- 128. 128 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 7.5.h Family House Cluster (Type-B) Roof top
- 129. 129 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” 7.6 Perspective view of the Project Fig 7.14: Main entry of the Project Fig 7.15: Conceptual Monument and the Public plaza
- 130. 130 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 7.16: Public plaza and the open air exibition Fig 7.17: Library and training Centre (Admin block)
- 131. 131 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 7.18: View from Library (Admin block) Fig 7.19: Elementary school/ “Bornamala” (school block)
- 132. 132 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 7.20: Transition towards school (School block) Fig 7.21: Children’s play Infront of “bornomala” (School block)
- 133. 133 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 7.22: Vocational / Prottasha school (School block) Fig 7.23: Extra ordinary school / “Protiva biksah” school (School block)
- 134. 134 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 7.24: Boys Dormitory Fig 7.25: Boys Dormitory
- 135. 135 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 7.26: Boys Dormitory play area open to sky Fig 7.27: Besides family house
- 136. 136 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 7.28: Interaction between mother and children “Matrichaya” Fig 7.29: Existing waterbody treat for children
- 137. 137 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 7.30: Courtyard at Family house Fig 7.31: View from Terrace to terrace
- 138. 138 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 7.32: Entertaining area beside water body Fig 7.33: Viewing deck “Bristy bilash”
- 139. 139 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 7.34: Aerial view of the project 7.7 Model Photographs Fig 7.35: Aerial view of the project (Model Photographs)
- 140. 140 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 7.36: Aerial view of the project (Model Photographs) Fig 7.37: Family house area (Model Photographs)
- 141. 141 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 7.38: The Plaza (Model Photographs) Fig 7.39: “Matrichaya” (Model Photographs)
- 142. 142 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Fig 7.40: Aerial view of the project (Model Photographs) Fig 7.41: Library and training (Model Photographs)
- 143. 143 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ”
- 144. 144 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Conclusion One lac forty-seven thousand five hundred and seventy square kilometer area (1,47,570 sqkm) a land of a country belongs to the southern region of Asia. This south Asian country is marked by lush greenery and many waterways in Bengali known as land of river. This is my motherland Bangladesh. Though it’s an Islamic country where majority number of citizens are muslims but still there are citizens with other religion also such as Hindu, Christion, Budhist & 20 core of civilized people live in this small country where the clothing industry is very prominent. In additional, foreign remittances are playing a vital role for economic prosperity. At the moment I was a student of 4th year when just begun to assimilate the meaning of thesis. For me at then, thesis was just to analyze the topic and crack the pros and cons of the project through a primary solution. Consequently, I started to dream of a successful Thesis either. During the whole Architecture course, I get to learn that I have to take the liability to rearrange the messed-up society. Architects should play a crucial role in stimulation of the balance of society. Now I want to represent the main point of my thesis, why? And how? The problems arise and the solution which have already described in the previous chapter. Here below are a glimpse of it. As the 1st lesson of Architecture, i.e. the balance of society I wanted to work with the unwanted and unprivileged children of sex worker of Brothel. In a need to give them a better place to live and learn to live in a civil society. As I begin to study about them, I get to realize that this is not a topic that I was only to be concerned. There are lots of philosophers, film makers and NGO’s who are already working to develop the situation. I end up finding lots of documentary, films, short films, articles, videos at lots more. I went through all of these to an extent that can give me the clear idea about the brothel, their workers, the children and their difficulties and needs. My first intension with the project was to bring out the children out of the brothel and to demolish the word “Brothel” from the society at all, so that no more life to be destroyed. But I was wrong, “Brothel” is something that should be existed to maintain the regular balance of the society. This may sound a little creepy but if we take example of the district Tangail where the civilians forced to withdraw the brothel of that area but that brought the worst situation. The sex workers spread all over the place and continue to do their works, in case rape, drug, smuggling, drug addiction and eve teasing increased. So, at the end my study the intension with the project remain same with a little infusion in it. So, I went for further study, this time not with support of internet but rather going out myself physically. I tried to contact the NGOs those were working with this kind of kids and tried to collect some data that can be beneficial for my project infusion, and I end up getting some. Then the biggest help for me to finally convert the information into Architecture was the visit to the ‘Brothel” itself. When the mothers of children heard that I wanted to build something for their kids’ betterment, they showed complete interest to talk to me and share their point of view and desire for their kids. According to them I collected some points which was nothing indifferent from any other mother. There desires were: ▪ They didn’t want to send their kids away. ▪ They are unable to finance their kids’ education and living. ▪ After 2 years old kids they agreed to send the kid to a home like my project.
- 145. 145 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” ▪ They wish to visit their child if not every day at least once a week. ▪ These kids should not go back to the “Brothel” ▪ There must be proper security for both boys and girls. ▪ They also desire the working position for their kids in future. ▪ Lastly the mothers never want their kids to grow up in an environment like them. These desires of the mothers were surely having some reasons: ▪ As they grow old their demand will fall which eventually leads to a financial crisis. ▪ The female child will be used as their mother’s replacement. ▪ The male kids will tend to become a helping hand of their moms to sell drugs. ▪ They are scared that the kid will be stolen or sold. ▪ They are worried, if they keep the child away, there will be a financial need which they won’t be able to bare. After the mother’s demand let’s take a look at the children’s desire: ▪ They want to go to school and do something big. ▪ They want to bring their mothers out of the “Brothel” ▪ If they get opportunity to stay out, they don’t want to meet their mother sometimes. ▪ Some of them want to get out and will do something that will eventually stop abhorrent work from this society. During my thesis there was 900+ kids in the “Brothel” within which I went forward to make a home for 30-40% of the kids. The collaboration of Mother’s and kids desires and convention of that into architecture are as bellow: Mother’s & Kid’s desire My conversion into Architecture Mother Stay closer with their kids The end boundary of the “Brothel” is the beginning of my project Ensure Security system Placement of a police booth from the government. Make sure for the future employment For the technical training, vocational & training center was placed. Stay closer with theirs kids but not in the same place where the mother’s live Designing family house as a permanent living space. Meeting of mothers and their kids A space is created for their meeting place “gvZ…Qvqv” means motherly shadow Education facilities like school. Elementary and vocational school is created. As a human being and the feeling of humanity makes me think psychologically. According to a mother’s psychology who always feel insecure about losing their kids and no matter what they cannot live away from their kids for long. I tried to keep this in mind all the time during my whole design process. This makes me build a not a boundary but pile of land more like a dam, which creates a visual connectivity for mothers from where they can keep an eye over every activity of their kids which
- 146. 146 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” makes them feel closer to their kids but the child wouldn’t be able to see their mother’s activity. All the functions were solved keeping the psychology of a mother as well as kids and the betterment of the kid. Lastly, according to me I think I have succeeded to solve the problem 80-90% most of their problem will touch emotionally almost everyone other than me. I think I have solved almost 80% through my project and I want to handover the rest 20% to the policy makers of the society. Through them I expect a successful establishment of my project. If I get any opportunity to work with the project like this in future, I would show no……………… I would like to end this conclusion with a very special quote of famous psychiatrist Dr. Tazul Islam- wkï hLb nvu‡m , RMr Avb‡›` fv‡m
- 147. 147 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Twenty common misunderstandings about children: a guide for anyone thinking of having them 1. Children are rational. Children are nuts. Don't try to reason with them. 2. Children are dumb. Children are very clever. Because they still ask questions that we adults have given up asking. 3. Children want you to be their friend. They don't. They want you to be their parent. 4. Children take any notice of what you say. They don't. They only take notice of what you do. 5. Children's greatest fear is that you will die. It isn't. Their greatest fear is that they are not good enough to be loved. 6. The most beautiful thing in the world is a newborn baby. Most newborn babies are quite ugly. Especially when they still have that ick all over them. And it doesn't get a lot better when it's wiped off. 7. Childbirth is a beautiful experience. Childbirth is like medieval torture with, for men, guilt attached. But the gas and air are good. 8. Children want you to spend lots of money on them. Children want you to spend lots of time with them. 9. Children respond to criticism and punishment. They don't. It just makes them hate you. 10. Your children think that you are cool. They don't. They think you are lame. Tender contempt is the most you can hope for. 11. You are responsible for how your children turn out. You aren't. Children create themselves far more than the world creates them. That's why your children are so different from each other. 12. You lose your children when they grow up. You don't. They just get more expensive. 13. Children are born naturally good and the world corrupts them. Children are a mixture of good and bad, like their parents. 14. Little girls are made of sugar and spice and all things nice, and boys are made of slugs and snails and puppy dogs' tails. It is usually the other way around. Go and stand in a girls' playground for 20 minutes. Torquemada could only envy that level of psychological brutality. Boys just hit each other. Then they forget about it. 15. Your children are unusually special, talented and beautiful. Statistically, this is very unlikely. Most children, by definition, are pretty average. Mine, as it happens, are an exception. 16. Children become difficult, rude, unpleasant, selfish and tormented as soon as they reach the age of 13 and therefore can be designated teenagers. Children can be difficult, rude, unpleasant, tormented and selfish long before that. 17. Having children is a reason to feel intensely proud. Pretty much anyone can do it actually. It's particularly easy for men. 18. By bringing up your children, feeding them, housing them, spending all your money on them, loving them and protecting them, they owe you some sort of debt. They don't. Well, they think they don't anyway. Which amounts to much the same thing. 19. Children today spend far too much time on screens. This is actually great. It means you don't have to play Monopoly or do jigsaws with them. 20. It's lovely going on holiday with your children. It very much depends on how much childcare you can afford.
- 148. 148 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” References Child Psychology and Psychiatry -Second Edition - Frameworks for Practice-David Skuse Helen Bruce Linda Dowdney and David Mrazek https://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Brand/id-35.html Population Council. 2016. “Impact of peer education and on-site clinical services for female sex workers in Bangladesh brothels: A Link Up evaluation study,” Link Up Study Brief. Washington, DC: Population Council. www.popcouncil.org The Economic Returns to Good Looks and Risky Sex in the Bangladesh Commercial Sex Market Asadul Islam, Russell Smyth Department of Economics Monash University August 2010 A Human Rights Report on Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children Bangladesh A review of lawsand policiesto prevent and remedy violence against children in police and pre-trial detention in Bangladesh. www.penalreform.org www.blast.org.bd “Snatched Childhood” A study report on the situation of child prostitutes in Bangladesh, Sharfuddin Khan, Md. Azad, February 2013. Bangladesh Shishu Adhikar Forum (BSAF) Situation assessment and analysis of children and women in bangladesh. September-2009 UNICEF Bangladesh Adhikari, H. (2007). Growing up in adverse milieu: Education and occupations of sex workers’ children. Indian Journal of Social Work, 68(2), 282-307. Adhikari, H. (2008). When the sex market rejects. Journal of International Women’s Studies, 12(1), 91-93. Adhikari, H. (2012). Attachment of stigma in sex workers’ milieu (family & community): A hindrance of psychosocial development of their children. Atilim Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(2), 95-110. AHRC (Asian Human Rights Commission) (2002). Bangladesh’s child sex workers: No place to go. Asia Child Rights Weekly Newsletter, 2(3). 27 November, 2002. Retrieved on 13.11.2012 from http://acr.hrschool.org/mainfile.php/0103/20/. Alauddin, M. (2005). Widespread of AIDS in Bangladesh is a must, if we fail to prevent of spreading HIV Virus. Retrieved on 9th July, 2012 from http://www.popline.org/node/255977. BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) (2000). Prostitution ruled legal in Bangladesh. Retrieved on 15.11.2012 from http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/677283.stm Beard, J., Biemba, J., Brooks, M. I., Costello, J, Ommerborn, M, Bresnahan, M, Flynn, D., & Simon, J. L. (2010). Children of female sex workers and injection drug users: a
- 149. 149 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” review of vulnerability, resilience, and family-centered models of care, Journal of the International AIDS Society. 13(Suppl 2):S6. BERA. (2011). Ethical guidelines for educational research. London: British Educational Research Association. Billah, M. (2012). Socio-demographic configuration of the sex labour trade in Bangladesh: Income expenditure portfolio of the sex workers. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 4(9), 51-62. British Psychological Society. (1995). Ethical principles for conducting research with human participants. The Psychologists, 6(1), 33-35. Dakar Framework for Action. (2000). Education for all: Meeting our collective commitments. World Education Forum. Dakar, Senegal, 26-28 April 2000. Glaser, B.G. & Strauss, A.L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company. Holland, T.P. and Kilpatrick, A.C. (1991). Ethical issues in social work: Toward a grounded theory of professional ethic. Social Work, 36(2), 138-144. Hosain, G. M. M. & Chatterjee, N. (2005). Beliefs, sexual behaviours and preventive practices with respect to HIV/AIDS among commercial sex workers in Daulatdia, Bangladesh. Public Health, 119; 371-381. Jena, M. (2010, 17 February). INDIA: Education as empowerment tool for children of sex workers. Inter Press Service (News Agency). Retrieved on 9th July, 2012 from http://www.ipsnews.net/2010/02/india-education-as-empowerment-tool-for-children-of-sex- workers/ Karim, S. (2004) Exploring the household compositions of female sex-workers in Brothel: Daulatdia, A case study. BRAC University Journal,1(2), 33-48. Marshall, C. & Rossman, G. (1999). Designing qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Project Report, Safe Home Program for girls, Rajbari, (2009). Retrieved 15th July, 2012 from http://www.footprints.org.au/project/36/Safe-home-program-for-girls-Rajbari-2009.aspx Save the Children Australia. (2012). Bangladesh: Child protection. Retrieved on 15th July, 2012 from http://www.savethechildren.org.au/where-we-work/south-west- asia/bangladesh/childprotection. Shohel, M. M. C. & Howes, A. J. (2008). Informality of Teaching and Learning in Nonformal Schools: Sociocultural Process as Meso-systems of Student Development, Education 3- 13, 36(3): 293-309. Shohel, M. M. C. (2012). Childhood poverty and education in Bangladesh: Policy implications for disadvantaged children. Working Paper 2012-10, UNICEF Office of Research, Florence.
- 150. 150 | P r o t e c t i n g f a c i l i t i e s t o p r o m o t e p r o t e c t i v e e n v i r o n m e n t f o r “ B R O T H E L C H I L D ” Shohel, M. M. C.; Ashrafuzzaman, M.; Nazmi, S. N.; Das, A. R.; Babu, R.; Mubarak, F. & Al- Mamun, M. A. (2012). Impact of education on sex workers and their children: Case Studies from Bangladesh. In: Sabet, D. M., Rahman, T. and Ahmad, S. eds. Sex workers and their children in Bangladesh: Addressing risks and vulnerabilities. Dhaka: Center for Sustainable Development, University of Liberal Arts, Bangladesh, pp. 158-180. Spall, S. (1998). Peer debriefing in qualitative research: Emerging operational models. Qualitative Inquiry, Vol. 4, 280-292. Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications. Terre des hommes Italia. (2005). Brothel based and floating sex workers in Bangladesh: Living conditions and socio-economic status. Dhaka: Terre des hommes Italia. The Daily Star (1998, April 23). The suppression of violence against women and children bill 1998: Some suggestions for change. The Daily Star, 23 April, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Thomas, A. & Mohan, G. (2007). Research skills for policy and development: How to find out fast. Milton Keynes: The Open University in association with Sage Publications. UNICEF. (2005). Child sexual abuse, exploitation and trafficking in Bangladesh. Dhaka: UNICEF Bangladesh. UNICEF. (2009). Global study on child poverty and disparities: National report Bangladesh. Dhaka: UNICEF Bangladesh. UNICEF. (2011). Sexual abuse and commercial exploitation of children: Elements for a national strategy and plan of action. Dhaka: UNICEF Bangladesh. World Conference on Education for All (WCEFA). (1990). World declaration on education for all and framework for action to meet basic learning needs. New York: The Inter-Agency Commission for the World Conference on Education for All. …………………………………………………………………….THE END………………..