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Dissertation pdf

D
Duncan Nderitu

This document provides a guide for students preparing dissertations at a distance. It discusses the nature of academic research, choosing research topics and questions, conducting literature reviews, selecting appropriate research methods, writing up results, and referencing systems. The guide emphasizes the importance of quality, ethics and validity in distance research. It aims to help remote students successfully complete their dissertation.

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Preparing your Dissertation at a Distance: A Research Guide S. Modesto Tichapondwa Editor 2013
          Coordinated  and  Edited  by:   S.  Modesto  Tichapondwa     Published  by     Virtual  University  For  Small  States  of  the   Collonwealth  –  Vancouver.     Any  part  of  this  document  may  be   reproduced  without  permission  but  with   attribution  to  the  Virtual  University  for  the   Small  States  of  the  Commonwealth   (VUSSC)  and  the  Southern  African   Development  Community  (SADC),  Centre   for  Distance  Education  (CDE)  –   (SADC-­‐CDE)   Copyright:  CC-­‐BY-­‐SA  (share  alike  with   attribution)   http://creativecommons.org/licenses/   by-­‐sa/30   ©  2013
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Dissertation pdf

  • 1. Preparing your Dissertation at a Distance: A Research Guide S. Modesto Tichapondwa Editor 2013
  • 2.           Coordinated  and  Edited  by:   S.  Modesto  Tichapondwa     Published  by     Virtual  University  For  Small  States  of  the   Collonwealth  –  Vancouver.     Any  part  of  this  document  may  be   reproduced  without  permission  but  with   attribution  to  the  Virtual  University  for  the   Small  States  of  the  Commonwealth   (VUSSC)  and  the  Southern  African   Development  Community  (SADC),  Centre   for  Distance  Education  (CDE)  –   (SADC-­‐CDE)   Copyright:  CC-­‐BY-­‐SA  (share  alike  with   attribution)   http://creativecommons.org/licenses/   by-­‐sa/30   ©  2013
  • 3. !" " ! ! "#$%&!'(!)'*"&*"+! ! "#$%&#$'! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! !(! )$#*#+,%! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! --! ./01#&*%'+%2%134! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! -5! 6#13$78,3#$4! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! -5! .88$%97:37#14! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! -;! )$%<:/%!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! -=! ! ),#-"&.!/! ",&!*#"0.&!'(!#)#1&23)!.&+&#.),! .843$:/3! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 5(! ->-!?13$#',/37#1! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 5(! ->5!@8A%/379%4! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! 5=! ->B!C73,:371+!./:'%27/!D%4%:$/E!71!F',/:37#1! ! ! ! ! 5=! ->G!H%<7171+!./:'%27/!D%4%:$/E!! ! ! ! ! ! B5! ->I!JE%!CK43%2:37/!)$#/%44!#<!./:'%27/!D%4%:$/E! ! ! ! BB! ->L!JE%!M:*7'73K!#<!./:'%27/!D%4%:$/E! ! ! ! ! ! BG! ->;!JE%!D%*7:87*73K!#<!./:'%27/!D%4%:$/E! ! ! ! ! BG! ->;>-!JE$%:34!3#!9:*7'73K!! ! ! ! ! ! ! BI! ->(!6*:447<7/:37#1!#<!./:'%27/!D%4%:$/E! ! ! ! ! ! BL! ->=!D%4%:$/E!M:$7:8*%4!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! B(! ->-N!O:47/!6#1/%P34!71!D%4%:$/E!! ! ! ! ! ! GN! ->--!Q%44#14!Q%:$13!<$#2!43,'%134R!&#$0!! ! ! ! ! GN! ->-5!C,22:$K!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! GN! D%<%$%1/%4!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! G-! ! ),#-"&.!4! 5&""3*5!+"#."&1!3*!.&+&#.),! .843$:/3! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! G5! 5>-!?13$#',/37#1!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! G5! 5>5!@8A%/379%4!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! GB! 5>B!D%4%:$/E!:1'!734!:33$78,3%4!! ! ! ! ! ! ! GB! 5>G!JKP%4!#<!$%4%:$/E!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! GG! 5>G>-!),$%!$%4%:$/E!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! GG! 5>G>5!C%/#1':$K!$%4%:$/E! ! ! ! ! ! ! GI! 5>G>B!@$7+71:*!$%4%:$/E! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! GI! 5>I!6E##471+!:!$%4%:$/E!8##0! ! ! ! ! ! ! GI! 5>L!),$P#4%!#<!$%4%:$/E!! ! ! ! ! ! ! GL! 5>;!6E##471+!:!3#P7/! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! G(! 5>(!@3E%$!/#147'%$:37#14! ! ! ! ! ! ! I-! 5>=!Q%44#14!*%:$13!<$#2!&#$071+!&73E!43,'%134!71!3E74!:$%:! ! ! I-! 5>-N!C,22:$K! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! I5! D%<%$%1/%4! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! I5! ! ),#-"&.!6! #)#1&23)!+"#*1#.1+7!-%#53#.3+27!#*1!.&+&#.),!&",3)+!! .843$:/3! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! IB! B>-!?13$#',/37#1! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! IB!
  • 4. #" " B>5!@8A%/379%4! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! IG! B>B!SE:3!74!T,:*73K!$%4%:$/EU! ! ! ! ! ! ! IG! B>G!C3:1':$'4!<#$!V,:*73K!D%4%:$/E! ! ! ! ! ! ""! B>G>-!SE:3!74!P*:+7:$742U! ! ! ! ! ! ! IL! ! B>G>5!SE:3!'#%4!P*:+7:$742!*##0!*70%U!! ! ! ! ! ! IL! B>G>B!C%*<WP*:+7:$742!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! I;! B>I!SE:3!74!$%<%$%1/71+U! ! ! ! ! ! ! I;! B>L!SEK!$%<%$%1/%U! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! I;! ! B>;!SE%1!3#!$%<%$%1/%U!!!!!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! I(! B>(!D%<%$%1/71+!4K43%24! ! ! ! ! ! ! I(! B>(>-!.).!D%<%$%1/71+!CK43%2! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!! ! ! I(! B>(>5!?1WJ%X3!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!! ! ! I=! B>(>B!FX:2P*%4!#<!$%<%$%1/%4!8K!3KP%!! ! ! ! !!!!!!! ! ! I=! B>=!Y:$9:$'!D%<%$%1/71+!CK43%2!!!! ! ! ! ! ! L-! B>=>-!?1WJ%X3!673:37#14! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!! !!!!!!!!!L-! B>=>5!Q743!#<!D%<%$%1/%4! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!! ! ! L5! B>=>B!67371+!'7<<%$%13!4#,$/%4! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!!!! ! ! L5! B>-N!D%4%:$/E!%3E7/4!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! LI! B>-N>-!6#'%4!:1'!)#*7/7%4!<#$!D%4%:$/E!F3E7/4! ! ! ! ! LL! B>-N>5!F3E7/:*!H%/747#1!Z:071+!71!D%4%:$/E! ! ! ! ! ;N! B>--!Q%44#14!*%:$13!8K!4,P%$974#$4!:8#,3!43:1':$'4[!%3E7/4!:1'!" !!!!!!!!!!P*:+7:$742!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ;G" B>-5!C,22:$K! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ;G! D%<%$%1/%4! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ;G! " ! ),#-"&.!8! .'%&+!#*1!.&+-'*+3$3%3"3&+!'(!+0-&.93+'.+!#*1!+0-&.93+&&+!! .843$:/3! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ;;! G>-!?13$#',/37#1! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ;(! G>5!@8A%/379%4!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ;(! G>B!O:/0+$#,1'!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ;(! G>G!CP%/7<7/!P$:/37/%4!3E:3!,1'%$P71!+##'!P#43+$:',:3%!! !!!!!!!4,P%$9747#1!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ;=! G>I!JKP%4!#<!4,P%$974#$4!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ;=! G>I>-C,P%$974#$!:4!:1!:'974#$! ! ! ! ! ! ! (N! G>I>5!C,P%$974#$!:4!%XP%$3!+,7'%!! ! ! ! ! ! (N! G>I>B!C,P%$974#$!:4!T,:*73K!/#13$#**%$! ! ! ! ! ! (N! G>I>G!C,P%$974#$!:4!P:43#$!#$!<$7%1'! ! ! ! ! ! (-! G>I>I!C,P%$974#$!:4!'%*%+:3#$! ! ! ! ! ! ! (-! G>L!"7$43!2%%371+!&73E!3E%!4,P%$974#$!Q:K71+!+$#,1'!$,*%4!! ! ! (5! G>L>-!]%3!3#!01#&!43,'%134!:1'!/:$%<,**K!:44%44!3E%7$!1%%'4! ! ! (5! G>L>5!F43:8*74E!$%:4#1:8*%[!:+$%%'!,P#1!%XP%/3:37#14! ! ! ! (B! G>L>B!F1/#,$:+%!43,'%134!3#!&$73%!%:$*K!:1'!#<3%1! ! ! ! (G! G>L>G!?1737:3%!$%+,*:$!/#13:/3!:1'!P$#97'%!E7+E!T,:*73K!<%%'8:/0! ! ! (G! G>; !H%3%/371+!:1'!'%:*71+!&73E!&:$171+!47+14!71!$%4%:$/E!! !4,P%$9747#1!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (I! G>( C,P%$9747#1!#<!H743:1/%!F',/:37#1!:1'!P:$3W372%!43,'%134! ! ! (L! ! G>(>-H743:1/%!%',/:37#1!$%4%:$/E!43,'%13!3E%!1:3,$%!:1'!! !!!!!!!!!/E:**%1+%4!!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! (L!
  •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