DISS-L5.pptx history repeats itself so that
- 1. The Psychoanalytic and Psychosocial Approach
- 2. Chapter Outline Sigmund Freud discovers the unconscious Freudian theory of personality Application: Psychoanalysis © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password- protected website for classroom use. 3 - 3
- 3. Topographic Model Personality is divided into different levels of awareness Conscious: Thoughts a person is currently aware of Preconscious: Retrievable information Unconscious: Thoughts that cannot be easily brought into awareness Except under extreme situations © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password- protected website for classroom use. 3 -6
- 4. Structural Model Divides personality into the id, the ego, and the superego Id: Personality structure at birth Actions are based on pleasure principle and wish fulfillment © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password- protected website for classroom use. 3 - 7
- 5. Structural Model Ego: Satisfies id impulses, but takes into consideration the realities of the world Actions are based on reality principle Superego: Represents society’s values and standards Provides ideals to determine if a behavior is virtuous Powerful superego leads to moral anxiety © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password- protected website for classroom use. 3 - 8
- 6. Libido and Thanatos Instinct - Strong internal forces that motivates human behavior Referred as drives or instincts Categories of instincts Libido - Life or sexual instinct Thanatos - Death or aggressive instinct © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password- protected website for classroom use. 3 - 10
- 7. Libido and Thanatos Most human behavior is attributed to the life instinct Includes action aimed at receiving pleasure Death instinct is turned outward and expressed as aggression against others Wish to die remains unconscious © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password- protected website for classroom use. 3 - 11
- 8. Freud's Eros: The Life Drive Sometimes referred to as sexual instincts, the life drive deals with basic survival, pleasure, and reproduction. While we tend to think of life instincts in terms of sexual procreation, these drives also include instincts such as thirst, hunger, and pain avoidance. The energy created by the life drive is known as libido.
- 9. Defense Mechanisms Techniques of ego to deal with unwanted thoughts and desires and reduce or avoid anxiety Repression Active effort by the ego to push threatening material out of consciousness Requires constant expand of energy © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password- protected website for classroom use. 3 - 12
- 10. Defense Mechanisms Sublimation Channelling threatening unconscious impulses into socially acceptable actions Productive in nature Displacement Channelling impulses to nonthreatening objects Displaced impulses do not lead to social rewards 3 - 13
- 11. Defense Mechanisms Denial Refusal to accept that certain facts exist Extreme form of defense Makes a person less realistic Reaction formation Acting in a manner opposite to threatening unconscious desires © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password- protected website for classroom use. 3 - 14
- 12. Defense Mechanisms Intellectualization Removal of emotional content from the thought Helps bring difficult thoughts into consciousness without anxiety Projection Attributing unconscious impulse to other people Frees a person from the perception that he/she is the one who holds a certain thought © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password- protected website for classroom use. 3 - 15
- 14. Psychosexual Stages of Development Sequence of development made up of stages characterized by primary erogenous zones and sexual desires Each stage has a specific influence on the adult personality Adult personalities of people are greatly influenced by the events of early childhood © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password- protected website for classroom use. 3 - 16
- 15. Psychosexual Stages of Development Fixation - Stagnation of psychic energy Results when a child is unable to move through a particular stage Oral stage First 18 months of life Primary erogenous zones - Mouth, lips, and tongue Feeding problems can result in fixation and development of an oral personality © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password- protected website for classroom use. 3 - 17
- 16. Psychosexual Stages of Development Anal stage Primary erogenous zone - Anal region Children are toilet trained Traumatic toilet training can result in fixation and development of an anal personality Phallic stage Ages 3 to 6 Primary erogenous zone - Penis or clitoris © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password- protected website for classroom use. 3 - 18
- 17. Psychosexual Stages of Development Oedipus complex - Children develop a sexual attraction for their opposite-sex parent Boys develop castration anxiety and girls develop penis envy Eventually the children repress their desire for their opposite-sex parent © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password- protected website for classroom use. 3 - 19
- 18. Psychosexual Stages of Development Latency stage Sexual desires abate Boys and girls are uninterested in each other Genital stage Initiated at puberty Primary erogenous zone - Adult genital regions © 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password- protected website for classroom use. 3 - 20