Distribution network reconfiguration for loss reduction and voltage
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This document presents a technique for distribution network reconfiguration to reduce power losses and improve voltage profiles using Bacterial Particle Swarm Optimization (B-PSO). The technique was tested on three IEEE standard test networks - a 16-bus system, 33-bus system, and 69-bus system. For each test system, the proposed technique optimized the open/closed status of sectionalizing and tie switches to minimize losses and voltage deviations while maintaining radial network topology. Results showed reductions in power losses of 12-56% and improvements in voltage profiles for all three test systems. Future work could incorporate distributed generation to support overloaded feeders from load transfers during reconfiguration.
Distribution network reconfiguration for loss reduction and voltage
- 1. Distribution Network Reconfiguration for Loss Reduction and Voltage Profile Improvement using B-PSO Presented by Gaddafi S. Shehu Abdullahi B. Kunya, ABU Zaria-Nigeria Adamu Y. Ilyasu, KUST Kano-Nigeria Sunusi G. Mohammed, BUK Kano-Nigeria 1
- 2. • Introduction • Problems formulation • Test systems description • Results and discussions • Conclusion 2
- 3. • DN carry electrical power right from transmission system to consumers. • DN contributes at least 40% of the total power loss occurring in the entire system. • Most DNs are built meshed and operated radially. Fig. 1 IEEE 16 bus test system section 3 S7 and S8 are tie switches
- 4. • DN is vulnerable to outages due to its radial nature, as fault on a single line can result in blackout to many customers. • However, network modification is a non-linear, multi-objective, highly constrained problem. • The complexity of the problem arises due to distribution network topology has to be radial. • Power flow constraints are nonlinear in nature. • Previous studies of DN reconfiguration focus on planning, and cost of construction minimization. 4
- 5. • Advantage of handling both discrete and continuous parameters. • Initializing search space with swarm particles, xi randomly. • The search space in this problem is the set of all the sectionalizing and tie switches. • At each iteration, the position of ith particle is updated by its previous position in the velocity vector, vi according (1) • The velocity vector is updated according to the following equation (2) 5
- 6. • The problem involves determining the optimal DNR, taking into account different technical constraints. • The objective is to minimize power loss and voltage deviation as formulated in objective function. first and 6
- 8. • The following constrains are consider 8 3. Radial network structure are maintained, no loop are allow in the network
- 9. • Three IEEE standard test distribution networks are tested Fig. 2 IEEE 16 bus test system • The network has total loads of 28.125 MW and 13.53 MVAr on 12.65 kV substation voltage 9
- 10. • The second test system used in the study is 33-bus distribution feeder with a total active and reactive load demand of 3.72 MW and 2.30 MVAr respectively. • It has 37 branches, 32 sectionalizing switches and 5 tie switches Fig. 3 IEEE 33 bus test system 10
- 11. • A 69 buses, 73 branches and 5 tie switches, is used. The network has a total load demand of 3.80MW and 2.70MVAr. Fig. 4 IEEE 69 bus test system 11
- 12. 16-bus test system • After reconfiguration Fig. 6 16-bus test system voltage profile Fig. 5 Optimized Configuration of 16 bus test system 16 Bus Test System Results 12.3364% 8.8903% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 0.965 0.97 0.975 0.98 0.985 0.99 0.995 1 Bus Number Voltage(pu) Before Reconfiguration After Reconfiguration 12
- 13. 33-bus test system • After reconfiguration Parameters Before Reconfiguration After Reconfiguration Tie switches 33, 34, 35, 36, 37 7, 11, 14, 28, 32 Power loss 208.4592 kW 141.6346 kW Voltage dev. 1.6610 pu 1.0991 pu Min. Voltage 0.9108 pu 0.9413 pu 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1 Voltage(p.u) Bus Number Before Reconfiguration After Reconfiguration Fig. 8 33-bus test system voltage profile. Fig. 7 Optimized Configuration of 33 bus test system 33 Bus Test System Results 32.0564% 33.8290% 13
- 14. 69-bus test system • After reconfiguration Paramete rs Before Reconfiguration After Reconfiguration Tie switches 69, 70, 71, 72, 73 14, 58, 61, 69, 70 Power loss 224.9804 kW 98.5952 kW Voltage dev. 0.2140 pu 0.1876 pu Min. Voltage 0.9092 pu 0.9495 pu 69 BUS TEST SYSTEM RESULTS Fig. 9 Optimized Configuration of 69 bus test system Power loss reduced by 56.1761 % Voltage deviation improved 64.6758%. 14
- 15. 69-bus test system • Fig. 10, 69-bus test system voltage profile 1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 69 0.9 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1 Voltage(p.u) Bus Number Before Reconfiguration After Reconfiguration observed at bus 41- 46 due to introduction of loads at bus 15 – 27 and bus 62 – 65 by opening s14 and closing s71. 15
- 16. • The objective of the proposed technique is to minimize the active power loss and voltage deviation. • The decision variables are the open/close status of the sectionalizing and tie switches. • IEEE multi-feeder 16-bus and single feeder 33-bus and 69-bus test distribution networks are used for testing the proposed technique. • With the optimized reconfiguration, the radial nature is maintained, no mesh network is formed. • While reconfiguring the networks, opening or closing some loads are transferring from one feeder to another, hence overloading it. • Distributed generation is needed at those overloaded feeders to support its load carrying capacity. • It is envisioned as future work to incorporate distributed generation to support the loaded feeders. • Same technique will be used to determine their optimal siting and sizing. 16