Dna structure and function
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DNA contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms. It is made up of nucleotides containing deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and one of four nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine) that bond together in a double helix structure. DNA is found primarily in the cell nucleus where it is organized into structures called chromosomes that contain an organism's complete set of genes.
Dna structure and function
- 2. DNA is the hereditary The deoxyribonucleic acid, material in humans and DNA, is a long chain of almost all other organisms. nucleotides which consist of: Most DNA is located in the • Deoxyribose (a pentose cell nucleus , but a small = sugar with 5 carbons) amount of DNA can also be • Phosphoric Acid found in the mitochondria • Organic (nitrogenous) (where it is called bases (Purines - Adenine mitochondrial DNA or and Guanine, or mtDNA). Pyrimidines -Cytosine The information in DNA is stored and Thymine) as a code made up of four chemical bases
- 3. • Rosalind Franklin used X-ray diffraction to understand the physical structure of the DNA molecule. • The structure of double helix was first described by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953.
- 4. Purines Pyrimidines A T G C • four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). • DNA bases pair up with each other, A with T and C with G, to form units called base pairs. The pyrimidine bases have a 6- membered ring with two nitrogens and four carbons. The purine bases have a 9-membere double-ring system with four nitrogens and five carbons.
- 5. • Together, a base, sugar, and phosphate are called a nucleotide. • Nucleotides are arranged in two long strands that form a spiral called a double helix. • The structure of the double helix is somewhat like a ladder, with the base pairs forming the ladder’s rungs and the sugar and phosphate molecules forming the vertical sidepieces of the ladder.
- 6. • DNA stores an organism's genetic information and controls the production of proteins. DNA's function is to provide the code on which all life is based. DNA is found primarily in the nucleus of a cell in strands of genetic material called Chromosomes. Each chromosome is a single piece of double stranded DNA.
- 7. • http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/basics/dna • http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/disco very-of-dna-structure-and-function-watson-397 • http://bridget-coila.suite101.com/structure-and- function-of-dna-a168784 • http://bcs.deakin.edu.au/bcs_courses/forensic/C hemical%20Detective/dna_function.htm • http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/stru cture.php