DotDotPwn v3.0 [GuadalajaraCON 2012]

GuadalajaraCON 2012

../../ DotDotPwn !
The Directory Traversal Fuzzer

Alejandro Hernández H. (nitrØus), CISSP, GPEN Christian Navarrete (chr1x), GiJOE

http://twitter.com/nitr0usmx http://twitter.com/chr1x

<nitrousenador@gmail.com> <chr1x@sectester.net>

http://chatsubo-labs.blogspot.com http://chr1x.sectester.net
http://www.brainoverflow.org

../../ AGENDA
DotDotPwn
 Description
Introduction
 Directory Traversal Vulnerability
 (Intelligent) Fuzz Testing
General Information
 Origin / Evolution
 Design / Architecture
 Usage options
 Website / Contact
 Download
 Contributions
Vulnerabilities
 Discovered vulnerabilities
Traversal Engine
 Description
 Resources
 Fuzz patterns generation
 Intelligent fuzzing
Modules
 Description of each one
Greetings C

../../ DotDotPwn and Pentest Magazine
#DoDotPWN @PentestMag

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../../ DotDotPwn and HackOS

Proximamente en….

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../../ DotDotPwn
Description

README.txt
It’s a very flexible intelligent fuzzer to discover directory traversal vulnerabilities in
software such as Web/FTP/TFTP servers, Web platforms such as CMSs, ERPs, Blogs, etc.
Also, it has a protocol-independent module to send the desired payload to the host and port
specified. On the other hand, it also could be used in a scripting way using the STDOUT
module. It's written in perl programming language and can be run either under *NIX or
Windows platforms. It’s the first Mexican tool included in BackTrack Linux (BT4 R2).

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../../ Introduction
Directory Traversal Vulnerability

A directory traversal (or path traversal) consists in exploiting insufficient security
validation / sanitization of user-supplied input file names, so that characters
representing "traverse to parent directory" are passed through to the file APIs.

The goal of this attack is to order an application to access a computer file that is not
intended to be accessible. Directory traversal is also known as the ../ (dot dot slash)
attack, directory climbing, and backtracking. Some forms of this attack are also
canonicalization attacks.

A typical example of vulnerable application in php code is:

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directory_traversal C

../../ Introduction

An attack against this system could be to send the following HTTP request:

Generating a server response such as:


../../ Introduction

Some web applications scan query string for dangerous characters (to prevent
Directory Traversal vulnerabilities) such as:
..
..
../

However, the query string is usually URI decoded before use. Therefore these
applications are vulnerable to percent encoded directory traversal such as:

%2e%2e%2f which translates to ../
%2e%2e/ which translates to ../
..%2f which translates to ../
%2e%2e%5c which translates to ..
etc.


../../ Introduction

According to a study done by Imperva about Web Applications Attacks, the
Directory Traversal vulnerability is one of the most common attacks nowadays
(July 2011)

Source: Imperva’s Web Application Attack Report. Edition #1 - July 2011 C

../../ Introduction
Fuzz Testing

Fuzz testing or fuzzing is a software testing technique that provides (in)valid,
unexpected, or random data to the inputs of a program. If the program fails (for
example, by crashing or failing built-in code assertions), the defects can be
noted.

Fuzz testing enhances software security and software safety because it often
finds odd oversights and defects which human testers would fail to find, and
even careful human test designers would fail to create tests for.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzz_testing C

../../ Introduction
Intelligent Fuzz Testing

Source: N
DeMott, J. (2006). The evolving art of fuzzing.

../../ General Information
Origin / Evolution

CHANGELOG.txt
DotDotPwn v1.0
Release date: 21/Aug/2010
 Checker Script
 Core component: Traversal database (external .txt files) with 881 payloads
 Based on Shlomi Narkolayev’s Directory Traversal Cheat Sheet
 http://narkolayev-shlomi.blogspot.com/2010/04/directory-traversal-fuzz-list.html

DotDotPwn v2.1
Release date: 29/Oct/2010 (BugCon Security Conferences 2010)
 From Checker to Fuzzer
 Rewritten from the scratch
 Modular architechture (DotDotPwn packages)
 Core component: Traversal Engine
 OS detection (nmap)
 A cool banner was included ;)
 False positives detection
 Many parameters included for fuzzing flexibility
 More modules included

DotDotPwn v3.0beta
Release date: 03/Aug/2011 (Black Hat USA 2011 (Arsenal) - Conference CD)
 Random User-Agent in HTTP requests
 Operating System type specifier (if known)
 Reporting capabilities

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Design / Architecture

INPUTS FUZZ PATTERNS OUTPUTS
CREATION
Modules
manual OS type

HTTP
Traversal Engine
OS detection
HTTP URL
../../
....
..%2f..%2f
Deepness FTP
..%255c..%255c
..%c0%2f..%c0%2f
..%u2215..%u2215
TFTP
..%uF025..%uF025
..%25c1%259c..%25c1%259c
Filenames %252e%252e%c0%5c%252e%252e%c0%5c
PAYLOAD

STDOUT

Dots & Slashes
Encodings

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Usage options

USAGE.txt

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Usage options

EXAMPLES.txt (one example per module)

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Website / Contact

README.txt

Official Website: http://dotdotpwn.sectester.net
Official Email: dotdotpwn@sectester.net
Bugs / Contributions / Improvements: dotdotpwn@sectester.net

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Download

DotDotPwn v3.0beta:
INCLUDED IN BLACK HAT USA 2011 CONFERENCE CD

DotDotPwn v2.1:

PacketStormSecurity:
http://packetstormsecurity.org/files/view/95399/dotdotpwn-v2.1.tar.gz

BackTrack Linux 4 R2:
# apt-get update
# apt-get install dotdotpwn
# cd /pentest/fuzzers/dotdotpwn/
# ./dotdotpwn.pl

Mirror:
http://www.brainoverflow.org/code/dotdotpwn-v2.1.tar.gz
N

Contributions

AUTHORS.txt
Contribution: Idea
Implementation of the Bisection Algorithm (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisection_method) once a vulnerability has been
found in order to determine the exact deepness of the directory traversal. Origin of -X switch.

By: Roberto Salgado aka LightOS
http://twitter.com/LightOS
http://www.websec.ca
-------------------------------------
Contribution: Idea and Code
Not always include the @Extra_files (e.g. web.config, httpd.conf, etc.). Origin of the -e switch.
Specify the Operating System type if known ("windows" or "unix"). Origin of the -o switch.

By: Eduardo Ruiz Duarte aka Beck
http://twitter.com/toorandom
http://math.co.ro
http://b3ck.blogspot.com
-------------------------------------
Contribution: Code
Save a results' report into the Reports folder. Origin of the -r switch.
Treatment of SIGINT in order to print the number of traversals found when Ctrl + C is pressed.
Random User-Agent in HTTP requests for IDS/IPS detection avoidance.

By: Diego Boy
http://twitter.com/Diego_Boy
-------------------------------------
Contribution: Code
Random User-Agent in HTTP requests for IDS/IPS detection avoidance.

By: Cristian Urrutia aka Gashnark
http://twitter.com/blion_tec
N

To Do

 Implementation of the Bisection Algorithm to determine
the exact deepness of the directory traversal.

The bisection method in mathematics, is a root-finding method which
repeatedly bisects an interval then selects a subinterval in which a root must
lie for further processing.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisection_method

../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd (16)

../../../../../../../../etc/passwd (16/2 = 8)

../../../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd ((8+16) / 2 = 12)

../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd ((8+12) / 2 = 10)

../../../../../../../../../../../etc/passwd ((10+12) / 2 = 11)

5 requests instead of 11 ! N

../../ Vulnerabilities
Discovered vulnerabilities

Tested software
 HTTP: 72
 Web platforms: 2 (CMS’s)
 FTP: 25
 TFTP: 11
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Examples of findings …

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Exploits

 MultiThreaded HTTP Server [chr1x] – http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/12304

 Wing FTP Server v3.4.3 [chr1x] - http://packetstormsecurity.org/1005-exploits/wingftp-traversal.txt

 VicFTPS v5.0 [chr1x] – http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/12498

 TFTP Desktop 2.5 [chr1x] - http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/14857

 TFTPDWIN v0.4.2 [chr1x] - http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/14856

 Femitter FTP Server 1.04 [chr1x] - http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/15445

 Home FTP Server <= r1.11.1 (build 149) [chr1x] - http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/15349

 Yaws 1.89 HTTP Server [nitrØus] - http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/15371

 Mongoose 2.11 HTTP Server (Win32) [nitrØus] - http://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/15373

N


3.4.5 – 2nd Traversal found !
3.4.3
DotDotPwn iz Breaking Patches! 3.4.2
 3.4.1
3.4.0 - 1st Traversal found !
=================
56 days of exposure!!

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../../ Traversal Engine
Description

Traversal Engine
../../
....
..%2f..%2f
..%255c..%255c
..%c0%2f..%c0%2f
..%u2215..%u2215
..%uF025..%uF025
..%25c1%259c..%25c1%259c
%252e%252e%c0%5c%252e%252e%c0%5c

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Resources

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Resources

N

Fuzz patterns generation

N

Intelligent Fuzzing

At the beggining of this presentation …

Then …

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Intelligent Fuzzing

 Fuzz patterns according to the Operating System detected (nmap)

../../../boot.ini on *NIX-like ../../../boot.ini on Windows

../../../etc/passwd on Windows ../../../etc/passwd on *NIX-like

N

Intelligent Fuzzing

N

Intelligent Fuzzing

 Encoding of slashes (/) for the correct semantics in the fuzzing
patterns

..%2f..%2fetc/passwd

..%2f..%2fetc%2fpasswd

%2e%2e%c0%af%2e%2e%c0%afwindowssystem32driversetchosts

%2e%2e%c0%af%2e%2e%c0%afwindows%c0%afsystem32%c0%afdrivers
%c0%afetc%c0%afhosts

N

../../ Modules
HTTP

#DotDowPwn
#snort-2.8.4 - snort-2.9.x, and suricata
alert tcp $EXTERNAL_NET any -> $HOME_NET $HTTP_PORTS
(msg:"ET SCAN DotDotPwn User-Agent"; flow: established,to_server;
content:"User-Agent|3A| DotDotPwn"; nocase; http_header; threshold:
type limit, track by_src,count 1, seconds 60; classtype: attempted-recon;
reference:url,dotdotpwn.sectester.net; sid:yyyyyy; rev:1;)
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../../ Modules
HTTP

 Additional verification to avoid false positives

N

../../ Modules
HTTP URL

N

../../ Modules
FTP

N

../../ Modules
FTP

 Compliance with RFC 959 - File Transfer Protocol
 Double testing approach:
 CD <directory> & GET <file>
 GET <directory><file>

N

../../ Modules
TFTP

N

../../ Modules
TFTP

 A little hack in the TFTP.pm module’s constructor to improve the
testing speed (-t switch in DotDotPwn)

N

../../ Modules
PAYLOAD

N

../../ Modules
STDOUT

N

../../ Upcoming release…

DotDotPwn v4.0

…Stay tuned.

../../ Greetings

 r1l0, b0rr3x, l1l1th, chipx0r, preth00nker, NataS, Darko, beck, Daemon, dex,
Alination, Carlos Ayala, hkm, calderpwn, tr3w, hecky, raito, BelindoFan etc etc…

 Helga alt3kx :**

 Contributors

 GuadalajaraCON Crew

 www.underground.org.mx

 #mendozaaaa

 CRAc, hkm, alt3kx, tr3w, beck, cldrn, LightOS, xScPx, Daemon, SirDarckCat,
Rolman, Crypkey, KBrown, nediam, beavis, kaz, Carlos A. Ayala, corelanc0d3r,
Héctor López, Raaka (el_gaupo), dex, Cj, preth00nker, Humberto Ochoa, ch0ks,
ran, Federico L. Bossi Bonin, Bucio, javi3r, sunLevy, Zeus, etc…
C/N

../../ Thanks !
chr1x & nitrØus @ Solar Vision 3

Alejandro Hernández H. (nitrØus), CISSP, GPEN Christian Navarrete (chr1x), ), GiJOE
http://twitter.com/nitr0usmx http://twitter.com/chr1x
<nitrousenador@gmail.com> <chr1x@sectester.net>
http://chatsubo-labs.blogspot.com http://chr1x.sectester.net
http://www.brainoverflow.org

DotDotPwn v3.0 [GuadalajaraCON 2012]

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DotDotPwn v3.0 [GuadalajaraCON 2012]