DotNet Introduction

DOTNET FRAMEWORK

KGiSL iTech

Introduction to .NET

 .NET technology was introduced by Microsoft.

 .NET is not an operating system

 .NET is not a programming language.

 .NET is a framework.

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Introduction to .NET(Contd…)

 Dot Net Framework is a Programming model of the .NET
environment for building, deploying, and running Web-based
applications, smart client applications, and XML Web services .

 A set of technologies for developing and using components to
create:
 Web Forms
 Web Services
 Windows Applications

 The .NET Framework includes the common language runtime and
class libraries.

 .NET provides a common set of class libraries, which can be
accessed from any .NET based programming language.

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 It is a new, easy, and extensive programming platform.

 It is not a programming language, but it supports several
programming languages.

 By default .NET comes with few programming languages including
C# (CSharp), VB.NET, J# and managed C++.

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Following are the core features of Dot Net Framework

 Simplified Programming Model
 Simplified Deployment
 Programming Language Integration
 Garbage Collection
 Consistent Error Handling

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 Platform Independency
 Language Independency
 Language Interoperability
Security
 For Windows Applications
- net framework supports “Code access security and
“role Based security”
 For web and mobile applications
- Security can be achieved using Configuration files
like machine.config and web.config.

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Application Architecture

1. Single Tier Architecture
2. Two Tier Architecture
3. Three Tier Architecture

Single Tier Architecture:
The one-tier, or single-tier, architecture is a system in
which the database, application, and presentation services
(the user interface) all reside on one system. .

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Application Architecture (Contd…)

Two Tier Architecture:
- A two tier system consists of a client and a server.

- A two-tier application is one in which the presentation
services and the database reside on different systems.

- The presentation services (user interface) layer usually
includes application logic.

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Two Tier Architecture

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Three Tier Architecture:

 The third tier(Middle tier) is between the user
interface(client) and the data management(server).

 This middle tier provides process management where business
logic and rules are executed.

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Three Tier Architecture

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Three Tier Architecture

 Tier 1: the client contains the presentation logic, including
simple control and user input validation. This application is also
known as a thin client.

 Tier 2: the middle tier is also known as the application server,
which provides the business processes logic and the data access.

 Tier 3: the data server provides the business data.

These are some of the advantages of a three-tier architecture:
 It is easier to modify or replace any tier without affecting the
other tiers.
 Separating the application and database functionality means
better load balancing.

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Basically,in three tier architecture 3 layers are used to create a projects.

1. UI Layer
- UI which includes pages,user controls,CSS,Java Scripts.

1. Business Layer
- All business rules performed here.

1. Data Access Layer

- All data access code like connecting to database and getting
the details are done here.

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Three Layers

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Versions of .NET

.NET Framework Visual Studio

.NET Framework 1.0 Visual Studio 2002





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VS.NET(Visual Studio.NET)

 VS.NET is just an editor, provided by Microsoft to
help developers write .NET programs easily .

 VS.NET editor automatically generates lot of code,
allows developers to drag and drop controls to a
form, provide short cuts to compile and build the
application etc.

 VS.NET has several child windows to assist you in the
application development.

 These windows are attached on the left, bottom and
right sides of the main window.

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VS.NET(Visual Studio.NET) (Contd…)

 Some of the most commonly used child windows are explained
below. Most of these windows will be enabled only when you have
created a project and working on a WebForm/WinForm.

Tool Box
• Toolbox provides all the drag and drop controls for your
application.

• Depending on the kind of application you are working on,
the toolbox will show appropriate controls.

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Tool Box

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Source(HTML) & Design Mode
• If you are developing a web application, you can switch
between design mode and HTML mode for any web form.

• When you are in HTML mode, it will show you the HTML tags
and ASP.NET code and you can manually edit it.

• You can switch to the Design mode by clicking the Design
button on BOTTOM LEFT corner of VS.NET.

• In design mode, you can see how your ASP.NET page is
going to look like when some one view your web page. Also,
you can drag and drop controls from the toolbox, which will
automatically generate the HTML for it.

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Source(HTML) & Design Mode

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 Solution Explorer Window
• Solution Explorer, located on TOP RIGHT corner of VS.NET,
displays your solution, all projects included in each solution
and the list of files in each project. They are listed in the form
of a tree control.

 Output Window
• Output window, located on BOTTOM LEFT corner of VS.NET,
displays the result of your project compilation. When you
compile your project, all errors, warnings and compilation
results will be displayed in this window.

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Solution Explorer Window

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 Task List Window
• It shows individual tasks. Typically, when you compile your project,
all errors and warnings will be added to your task list. You can
double click on any item in the task list to go directly to the code
associated with the task.

 Properties Window
• It displays the different types of property for each and every control.
The common property for all controls are Font, Color, Forecolor
and so on.

 Code behind window
- Code-behind model, which places this code in a separate file or in a
specially designated script tag.
- Code-behind files typically have names like Firstpage.aspx.cs or
Firstpage.aspx.vb

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Properties Window

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Code Behind Window

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Shortcut Keys

 Compilation and Execution – F5

 Toolbox Window– Ctrl + Alt + X

 Property Window – F4

 Solution Explorer – Ctrl + Alt + L

 Design View to Code View – F7(Code Behind Window)

 Code View to Design View – Shift + F7(Source Window)

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.NET Framework
Common Language Runtime

- CLR manages code execution at runtime
- Memory management, thread management, etc.


Operating System

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.NET Framework
Base Class Library

- Object-oriented collection of reusable types
- Collections, I/O, Strings, …

.NET Framework (Base Class Library)


Operating System

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.NET Framework
Data Access Layer

- Access relational databases
- Disconnected data model
- Work with XML

ADO .NET and XML



Operating System

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.NET Framework
ASP.NET & Windows Forms

- Create application’s front-end – Web-based user interface,
Windows GUI, Web services, …

ASP .NET Windows
Web Forms Web Services
Forms
Mobile Internet Toolkit

ADO .NET and XML



Operating System

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.NET Framework
Programming Languages

- Use your favorite language

C++ C# VB.NET Perl J# …
ASP .NET Windows
Forms

ADO .NET and XML



Operating System

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.NET Framework
Common Language Specification

C++ Common Language Specification…
C# VB Perl J#
ASP .NET Windows
Forms

ADO .NET and XML



Operating System

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.NET Framework
Visual Studio .NET

C++ C# VB Perl J# …

Common Language Specification

Visual Studio .NET
Visual Studio .NET
ASP .NET Windows
Forms

ADO .NET and XML



Operating System

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.NET Architecture

 NET Compliant Language
- Language which supports .NET Programming like Vb.NET,C#,C++
and J# etc
.
 .NET Application
- Application which is developed by using .NET Framework.
- Like Windows Application, Web Application, Web Service and
Mobile Application.

 .NET Framework Class Library
- It consist of thousands of Pre-developed classes that can be used to
build application.

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.NET Architecture

 Common Type System(CTS)
- A superset of the data types used by most modern programming languages.
- CTS, common type system is the one which brings all .NET languages data types
on a common platform.

 Common Language Specification(CLS)
- A subset of CTS that allows code written in different languages to interoperate

What languages?
- Microsoft: C++, Visual Basic, C#, JScript
- Third-Party: Cobol, Eiffel, Smalltalk, Scheme, Oberon, Haskell, Java,
Python, Perl, …

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CLR

 Common Language Runtime(CLR)
- Its a virtual machine of Microsoft's .NET,
- During Compile time the Source code(C#, VB.Net..) is
converted into Intermediate Language (MSIL),During
Runtime this IL is converted to native code to Operating
System by Just In Time (JIT) of CLR

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The CLR Compilation

Assembly
Source code

Compiler
C++, C#, J#, DLL or EXE
Visual Basic or
any .NET
language

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Common Language Runtime Services

 Code management
 Conversion of MSIL to native code
 Loading and execution of managed code
 Creation and management of metadata
 Verification of type safety
 Insertion and execution of security checks
 Memory management and isolation
 Handling exceptions across languages
 Interoperation between .NET Framework objects and COM objects and
Win32 DLLs
 Automation of object layout for late binding
 Developer services (profiling, debugging, etc.)

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Applications developed by .NET

- Windows Application
- Web Application
- Web Services
- Console Applications
- Mobile Applications

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CLR - The execution model
Source VB C# C++
code
Unmanaged
Compiler Compiler Compiler
component

Managed Assembly Assembly Assembly
code IL code IL code IL code

Common language runtime

JIT compiler
JIT compiler

Native code

Operating system services
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KGiSL iTech

 NET supports two kinds of coding

 Managed Code
 Unmanaged Code

 Managed Code
- The code, which is developed in .NET framework, is known as
managed code. This code is directly executed by CLR with help of
managed code execution.

 Unmanaged Code
- The code, which is developed outside .NET Framework is known as
unmanaged code.

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Assembly

 The .NET framework introduces assemblies as the main building
blocks of your application.

 An Assembly is a logical unit of code

 An application can contains one or more assemblies.

 An assembly can be formed in one or more files.

 Assembly physically exist as DLLs or EXEs

 When you compile your source code by default the exe/dll
generated is actually an assembly

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Assembly Contd….

 An assembly can consist of the following four elements:

1.Source code, compiled into MS intermediate language (MSIL). This code
file can be either an EXE file or a DLL file.

2.The assembly manifest,
- which is a collection of metadata that describes assembly name,
- culture settings,
- list of all files in the assembly,
- security identity, version requirements,
- and references to resources.
- The assembly manifest can be stored with the intermediate code, or in a
standalone file that contains only assembly manifest information.

1.Type metadata

2.Resources

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Assembly Contd….

 Assembly Version
- An assembly can have two types of versions.

1. "Version Number"

- consists of a four-part string with the following format:

- <Major Version>.<Minor Version>.<Build Number>.<Revision
Number>

- For example a version number of 3.5.20.1 indicates 3 as the major
version, 5 as the minor version, 20 as the build number, and 1
as the revision number.

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Assembly Contd….

2. The second type of versions is called "Informational Version".

-The informational version consists of a string that contains
the version number besides additional information like
packaging, marketing literature, or product name.

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Private Assembly and Shared Assembly

Private Assembly
 The assembly which is used only by a single application is called as
private assembly.
 This DLL will be used by your client application only and not by any
other application.
 In order to run the application properly your DLL must reside in the
same folder in which the client application is installed.
 Thus the assembly is private to your application.

Shared Assembly

 Creating a general purpose DLL which provides functionality which will
be used by variety of applications.

 This type of DLL’s are placed in 'global assembly cache'.

 Such assemblies are called as shared assemblies

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Global Assembly Cache

 Global assembly cache is nothing but a special disk folder
where all the shared assemblies will be kept.

 It is located under <drive>:WinNTAssembly folder.

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DotNet Introduction

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