![Defining Belongingness
NI Vavilov, 1934 (Ownership globally?)
• Primary center of origin- Wheat & Barley in
Central Asia cultivated by ancient farmers.
Orange/ Eggplant/ Ragi
• Secondary center of origin. But Rye (Secale
cereal-PC is Asia Minor-Iran, Near East) found in
wild alongwith with wheat and barley in Central
Asia. Jaffa orange
• Chickpea- India & Meditarenean (PC)-Asia Minor
(SC)
• 11 centers of origin [I-VIII & VIIIa-c]
• Modern practices [Soybean- China to US/ Guava-
Mexico to India]
• Amla and curry leaf](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/niasm-farmersrights-171204120329/85/Doubling-Farmers-Income-Facilitation-and-Enforcement-of-IP-Rights-over-Plant-Variety-Niasm-farmers-rights-2-320.jpg)
![Geographical Indications-
Community ownership
• What is GI?
• Who can register?
• How it help in famers income?
– Katarni rice by Patanjali?
– Alphonso mango [Ratnagiri/Raigad/Konkan]
– Mulshi Ambemohar rice
– Mangalwedha Maldandi jowar
– Lasalgaon onion/ Sangali raisin/Purandar fig
– Any sugarcane area with high content?](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/niasm-farmersrights-171204120329/85/Doubling-Farmers-Income-Facilitation-and-Enforcement-of-IP-Rights-over-Plant-Variety-Niasm-farmers-rights-10-320.jpg)
Doubling Farmers Income: Facilitation and Enforcement of IP Rights over Plant Variety Niasm farmers rights
- 1. Doubling Farmers Income: Facilitation and Enforcement of IP Rights over Plant Variety S.K. Soam Joint Director (I/c) ICAR- NAARM, Hyderabad- 500 030 soam@naarm.org.in sudhir.soam@icar.gov.in
- 2. Defining Belongingness NI Vavilov, 1934 (Ownership globally?) • Primary center of origin- Wheat & Barley in Central Asia cultivated by ancient farmers. Orange/ Eggplant/ Ragi • Secondary center of origin. But Rye (Secale cereal-PC is Asia Minor-Iran, Near East) found in wild alongwith with wheat and barley in Central Asia. Jaffa orange • Chickpea- India & Meditarenean (PC)-Asia Minor (SC) • 11 centers of origin [I-VIII & VIIIa-c] • Modern practices [Soybean- China to US/ Guava- Mexico to India] • Amla and curry leaf
- 3. How Ownership Moves? Indian Not Indian Rice Wheat (Central Asia), Maize (Mexico) Mango, Orange Custard apple (US), Guava (Mexico), Pine apple (Brazil) Chickpea, Pigeonpea, most pulses Soybean (China), Lentil (Asia minor- Near East) Tree Cotton Cotton (Central Asia) Brinjal (egg plant) Potato (Chile/Peru), Chili (Mexico) Jasmine Rose (Near Eastern) Arku Coffee? Coffee (Abyssinian) Coconut/ Cocoa in Eluru Cocoa (Andes, South America) Quinoa? (Chenopodium quinoa) Peru/Bolivia, Pre Columbian civilization- replaced by cereals on Spanish arrival
- 4. Rights on What? Keen Observations Abbr. Method/Procedure Parameter MG Measurement by single observation of group of plants or parts of plant Canopy, abundance MS Measurement of number of individual plants or parts of plants Leaf blade length, Fruit length-width ratio VG Visual observation of group of plants or parts of plant Branches attitude: Erect, Spreading, Drooping VS Visual observation of number of individual plants or parts of plants Anthocyanin in young leaves- +/- Fruit longitudinal grooves- +/-
- 7. Farmers Rights under PPVFRA • USA – Monsanto VS Mc Farling case- 1998, Round up ready soybean/ tech agreement • India Exclusive rights – Variety developed by a farmer – Variety in common knowledge – Use, Re-use and Sale of seeds – Breeders limited rights – Relaxations under the Act – Compensation • National gene fund
- 8. ACTION In addition to PPVFRA
- 9. Biological Diversity Act: BMC- Herbarium- PBRs
- 10. Geographical Indications- Community ownership • What is GI? • Who can register? • How it help in famers income? – Katarni rice by Patanjali? – Alphonso mango [Ratnagiri/Raigad/Konkan] – Mulshi Ambemohar rice – Mangalwedha Maldandi jowar – Lasalgaon onion/ Sangali raisin/Purandar fig – Any sugarcane area with high content?
- 11. Trademark vs Plant Variety Sarthak doodh/ Ponni rice 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Year-1 Year-20 Value Time Value of Plant Variety and Trademark over Time Plant Variety Trademark
- 12. Plant variety in India or Plant patent in USA Farmers Market Plant Patent Act 1930/amended 1998 • Honeycrisp- US-1980s • Scifresh-NZ-2003 • Fronteras strawberry- US- 2015 • Less stringent- non- obviousness? • Plant patent+ Utility patent • Benefits/ Rights? • PPVFRA laterPhoto by SK Soam, Pike Market, Seattle, USA