S3.3 Improving the maize productivity in India: Progress,
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The document discusses the status and potential of maize production in India, emphasizing its significance as the third most important cereal crop and the increasing demand driven by the poultry and livestock sectors. It highlights advancements in single cross hybrid technology, challenges in production due to climatic fluctuations, and the importance of quality seed production through public-private partnerships. The document concludes by advocating for sustainable agricultural practices and research to improve maize yield and production efficiency.
S3.3 Improving the maize productivity in India: Progress,
- 1. Improving the maize productivity in India: Progress, challenges and opportunities R. Sai Kumar DMR, INDIA
- 2. Status of Maize Maize ranks as 3rd most important cereal in India Maize area has slowly expanded over the past few years from 6.6 mha to 8.6 mha (2002-2011) During the same period the productivity is also increasing gradually (1.6 t/ha to 2.6 t/ha) Maize demand will continue to increase in view of increasing demand in poultry and livestock sectors in the country Maize is a promising option for diversifying agriculture due to its resilience to changing climate
- 3. Utilization Pattern of Maize in India INDIA Brewery 1 % Starch 11 % Food 24 % Cattle Feed 11 % Seed 1 % Poultyr Feed 52 %
- 4. Growth Rate- Maize Vs other cereals (1995 to 2010) Area 6 5 4.7 Production Growth Rate % 4 3.2 3 2.4 2 1.2 1 0.7 0.2 0 -1 -0.3 Rice Wheat Maize Sorghum -0.4 Bajra -2 -3 -2.7 -4 -3.5
- 5. Adoption of Single Cross Hybrid Technology
- 6. Factors for Increased Maize Production The low yield during the one and half decades back was mainly due to the cultivation of OPV’s and F2 seed, where the farmers were unable to purchase the F1 seed The increase in maize area during last one and a half decades could be due to assured realization of crop yields, low pest and disease incidence and an assured price to the farmers The increase in production is due to the spread of the maize in non- traditional areas The productivity increase can be ascertained due to cultivation of promising single cross hybrids under assured irrigation particularly during winter The fluctuations and low production and productivity in certain years during last one decade was mainly due to drought and erratic rainfall where the crop suffered during flowering and post flowering stages
- 7. Technologies for Improving Productivity Closing Gap Ideas USA ?% 9.0 20% 15% China India50-75% 5.00 2.6 Avg. Yield Insect& Weed Drought Developing Developed (Mt/Ha) SCH Disease Protection Control Tolerance Countries (Mt/Ha) Countries (Mt/Ha) Integration of Irrigation, nutrient and post harvest management practices to sustain the productivity 7
- 8. Strategies to Further Increase Maize Production and Productivity Development of long, medium and short duration single cross hybrids Development of high yielding QPM single cross hybrids Development of super sweet corn (sh-2) single cross hybrids Development of popcorn single cross hybrids with high popping quality Development of single cross hybrids with high oil content (>6.0%) Development of single cross baby corn hybrids
- 9. Short Term Strategy Facilitate immediate disposal of SCH to target environments Screening of available elite germplasms for different traits Testing in high density planting Classifying male and female parents Making cross combination Developing Single Cross Hybrid suitable to particular region Grouping them based on Extra early, Early, Medium and Late duration
- 10. Long Term Strategy Development of hybrid oriented germplasm Long term screening for abiotic stress tolerant germplasm Developing Base materials which are tolerant to stress like drought, water logging, temperature, salinity Grouping of Germplasm based on genetic potentials
- 11. Broadening Genetic Bases of source materials in long term vision Identification of suitable material subject to particular location specific stress Making cross combinations and production of ideal hybrids Target sustainable production and productivity of maize
- 12. Biotechnological tools for Maize Improvements Marker Aided Selection (MAS) Screening for Disease resistance Drought tolerance, High Yield Conversion of normal maize to QPM, β Carotene Transgenic technology Pest and Disease resistance Improved drought tolerance Herbicide Tolerance Low Phytase maize Doubled Haploid Production through Haploid Inducers Rapid production of inbred lines High success rate of Induction Development of Inbreds as vigor as Hybrids
- 13. Potential for Crop Diversification Andhra Pradesh Winter Rice Karnataka Cotton, Rice Maharashtra Sorghum, Cotton
- 14. Targeting the Non-traditional Areas Expanding area under SCH in Eastern, North Eastern states. Result demonstration of SCH in tradition land race growing areas of Jammu and Kashmir region High productivity of SCH Maize during Rabi season (9-10t/ha) Potential for further enhance of Maize Dissemination of quality SCH seeds through PPP mode is a strong link for increasing the maize production
- 15. New Conservation Practices Maize on Permanent Beds Zero till Maize after Rice after Wheat
- 16. Resource Conservation Technology (RCT) Higher yield and profit 15 to 20 % low Cost Save fuel and water Improve soil health
- 18. Seed Village Concept Andhra Pradesh & West Bengal farmers get benefited in different ways: 1. Exposure to modern agronomic practices 2. It imparts safety consciousness to seed farmers 3. Agriculture is weaned away from traditional to streamlined enterprise 4. Guaranteed buy back of produce by seed companies 5. Ancillary enterprise development like transport operators, godown and container facility services etc 6. Good infrastructure development like road, transportation, power availability etc 7. Employment Opportunity 8. Improve social facilities like school, Hospitals etc
- 19. Alternate Sites for SCH Seed Production Eastern India: West Bengal- Midnapur, KrishnaNagar; Bihar- Muzafurpur, Begusarai Western India: Gujarat-Himatnagar; Rajasthan- Udaipur Central India: Madhya Pradesh- Chindwada, Indore, Ratlam ; Maharashtra-Aurangabad, Ahmednagar Southern India: Karnataka-Bellary, Raichur, Shimoga; TN-Salem; AP- Guntur Northern India: Punjab-Haryana- Eastern UP in Rabi, Uttarakhand in spring
- 20. Production and Distribution of Quality Seeds Area under SCH is keep on Increasing, there is a need to produce quality seeds of SCH Involvement of KVKs for Parental Seed Production by Imparting training to KVKs for SCH seed Production Public Private Partnership(PPP) - Public sector hybrids are easily disseminated by entering Memorandum Of Understanding(MOU) with Private seed industries Example: Green Gold Seed Ltd. of Aurangabad signed MoU with CCS HAU for seed production of HQPM 1 and HM 4 Vikky Agro. Tech., Sampurna Seeds & AB Seeds Ltd, Hyderabad entered MoU with ANGRAU for seed production and marketing of DHM 117
- 21. Maize in Poultry Industries India is 3rd largest egg producer and 5th largest poultry meat producer in the world Maize accounts for most of the energy in the feed and poultry feed provides the link between maize and poultry sectors 8-10mt of maize is required for poultry feed every year and it is over 50% of total annual production Poultry industry have buy back mechanism with maize farmers Maize farmers have assured market and reasonably reliable income Poultry industry is more concentrated in Peninsular India and employs about two million people Private sector controls roughly 80% of total poultry production in the country
- 22. Promotion of Quality Protein Maize Solution to Food & Nutritional Security
- 23. Biological value of different cereals 80 70 Biological value (%) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 QPM Normal maize Wheat Rice Cereals
- 24. Impact of QPM on Human Being Low cost quality protein compared to milk Meet the energy and protein needs of infants and children Improve growth rates in young children Protein requirements of adults Prevent and cure protein deficiency diseases, Kwashierkor, in young children
- 25. Impact of QPM on Poultry and Piggery Poultry Piggery • Gains in body weight Piglets grew 3.5 times • Feed efficiency Improved faster on opaque-2 • Low cost feed than on normal maize • Less feed required QPM -- 3.5 : 1 Normal -- 8.2 : 1
- 26. Role of maize in furthering farmer’s livelihood High yielding hybrids of specialty corn increase output and thereby Income levels Increased income levels provide economic surplus for increased standard of living Economic sufficiency paves the way for appreciating and implementing newer farm technologies/ agronomic practices hereby starting a profitable corn cropping trend This trend has a multiplicative effect in that other neighboring farmers too follow suit All in all it ends up in a win-win situation for farmers and seed industry
- 27. Specialty Corn – for Livelihood Security
- 28. Prospects & Potential of Baby corn Grown round the year Check rural-urban migration Employment generation-work to every hand More income in shortest possible time Quality fodder for livestock promotion No additional land for green fodder Export potential due to Low cost Production Value addition & intercropping - increase profitability
- 29. Maize Intercropping-System 20 high value crops Pea, Potato, Colecrops, Fenugreek, Coriander, Beetroot, Spinach, Gladiolus etc. intercropped with BC. Rs6750-78750/ha Additional income Recommended Fertilizer of both the crops Maize yield was not affected
- 30. Maize + Pigeon Pea Maize + Cotton Maize + Radish Maize + Cauliflower
- 31. Profitability of Baby Corn Intercropping Systems Profitability (Rs/ha) BC + Pea BC + Potato BC + Knolkhol BC + Radish BC + Fenugreek BC Sole
- 32. Potential for Increasing the Profitability of Peri Urban Agriculture SWEET CORN & POP CORN Internal and External Consumptions High Profitability
- 33. Transfer of Technology Imparting trainings to KVKs for Parental Seed Production Training To Farmers for Single Cross Hybrids Seed Production Front Line Demonstrations (FLDs) Result Demonstration of SCH in non traditional areas like J&K, Tribal belts of Gujarat, MP,CG Adoption of Model Villages e.g. Baby corn Village of Atterna, Haryana Promotion of Value added Products of QPM Promotion of Sweet corn, Pop corn cultivation for high income Development of Community Village for Seed marketing and Buy back arrangements
- 34. Creation of Self Help Groups (SHG’s) For marketing and Procurement of maize seed Generation of income by procuring maize Ensuring minimum support price The women got kudos from the World Bank for their bold endeavor in agri-marketing Procured 8.62 lakh Quintal (Rs 46.5 crores) through 90 Procurement centre in Three months Earned Rs 45 Lakhs Commission by selling maize to Andhra Pradesh Market Federation in Telangana Region (Deccan Chronicle, dt: 13-3-06)
- 35. Success Story of Women Self Help Group (SHG) (Deccan Chronicle, dt: 13-3-06)
- 36. Legacy of New Single Cross Hybrid – Late Maturity PMH 1
- 37. Medium Maturity Single Cross Hybrid HM 9
- 38. Single Cross Hybrids - Quality Protein Maize HQPM 5 HQPM 1 HQPM 7
- 39. Conclusion To realize genetic potential yield of maize the single cross hybrid technology is the solution It is an appropriate technology for sustainable agriculture and deserves to be promoted on large scale by both public and private sector Identification of productive seed parent as female to minimize cost of seed production Identification of suitable male parent with dense tassel with longevity of pollen shedding Development of stress tolerant germplsam Early maturing single cross hybrids for drought/ excess water
- 40. Seed technology research for new products Agronomic packages for rain fed situations Strengthen research on hybrid technology for unfavorable environments More emphasis for seed production under marginal areas Total yield increased resulting from genetic and non genetic causes