Steps involve in Seed processing
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This document outlines the key steps involved in seed processing, which includes pre-conditioning, cleaning, and grading. Pre-conditioning involves removing plant parts from harvested seeds through shelling. Cleaning is done using air screens and vibrating screens to remove external materials like trash and stones. This is mostly done using an air-screen cleaner. The final step of grading further separates seeds by size, shape, and other physical properties using different machines like specific gravity separators or spiral separators to obtain high quality seeds free of impurities. Seed processing helps improve planting conditions, seed quality, and applies treatments to prevent disease.
Steps involve in Seed processing
- 1. Principles of Seed Technology Topic - Steps involve in seed processing Submitted to- Submitted by Dinesh
- 2. Outline • Introduction • Advantages • Seed processing steps ① pre conditioning and precleaning ②Cleaning ③Grading and cleaning
- 3. Introduction • Seed processing is a vital part of the seed production needed to move the improved genetic materials of the plant breeder into commercial channels for feeding the rapidly expanding world population. The farmer must get the quality seed that is free from all undesired materials because farmers entire crop depends on it. • Seed processing is that segment of the seed industry responsible for upgrading seed (Fig. 1), improving planting condition of seed, and applying chemical protectants to the seed.
- 4. Advantages • Make possible more uniform planting rates by proper sizing • Improve seed marketing by improving seed quality • Prevent spread of weed seed • Prevent crops from disease by applying chemical protectants • Reduces seed losses by drying • Facilitate uniform marketing by providing storage from harvest time until the seed is needed for planting.
- 5. Steps involve in seed processing • Step 1- Pre-conditioning and pre-cleaning • Step 2- Cleaning • Step 3-Cleaning and Grading
- 7. Step-1 -Pre conditioning and pre cleaning • Pre conditioning:- Isolation of seed from plant parts with which it was harvested. e.g. Shelling • Pre cleaning:- Removal of external materials like trash, stones, clods which are either in larger size or lighter in weight. No pre cleaning is required for hand harvested and winnowed seeds
- 8. Seed Scalper It removes the larger inert matter from the seeds. If it contains a single sieve it is called as scalpers, two sieves – rough cleaners. The unit consists of a vibrating or rotating screen or sieve having perforation large enough to allow the rough seed pass through readily.
- 9. Debearders The machine has horizontal beater with arms rotating inside a steel drum. When the seeds pass through it do the action of rubbing the seeds and clip the seeds of oats, debeard barley, thresh white cap in wheat, remove awns and beards, de hull some grass seeds and polish the seed.
- 10. Other equipments
- 11. Step-2-Cleaning • The second stage of cleaning is carried out with air blasts and vibrating screens and is applicable to all kinds of seeds. It is essentially the same as scalping but more refined. It is performed mostly by one machine known as air-screen cleaner.
- 12. Air-Screen cleaner cum grader The air-screen machine is the basic cleaner in most seed processing plants. Almost all seed must be cleaned by air-screen cleaner before specific specifications can be attempted. Machine size varies from small, two- screen farm models to large industrial cleaners with 7-8 screens
- 13. Step-3- Cleaning and Grading • To obtain quality seed, it is necessary to clean the seed obtained from the farm to get rid of inert materials, weed seeds, other crop seeds, other variety seeds, damaged and deteriorated seed. Different kinds of seeds can be separated when they differ in one or more physical characteristics. Physical characteristics normally used to separate seeds are size, shape, length, weight, colour, surface texture, affinity to liquids, electrical conductivity, etc. The problem lies in identifying the most important property and use the machine that separates seed using the identified property.
- 14. upgrading • Seed lots require further cleaning treatment to remove adulterants that are similar to pure seed in size and shape, to be separated by air screen cleaner. Removal of seeds larger or smaller than required size (sizing) and removal of cracked, damaged or otherwise defective seeds (grading) is accomplished in this final stage of processing.
- 15. Some of the identified properties and machines operating by following the properties are listed below:
- 16. Specific Gravity separator This method makes use of a combination of weight and surface characteristics of the seed to be separated
- 17. Spiral separator The separator, which classifies seed according to its shape and rolling ability, consists of sheet metal strips fitted around a central axis in the form of a spiral.
- 18. Other useful equipments • Colour separator • Magnetic separator • Intended cylinder etc. THANKS YOU