Dp seminar
- 1. April 15, 2015 1 DRIP IRRIGATION Seminar By: Dwarki Prasad Meena Roll No: 111214 Department of Civil Engineering NIT Warangal
- 2. CONTENTS April 15, 2015 2 Introduction History Component and working operation Design and layout System control and maintenance Application Advantages and Disadvantages Conclusion References
- 3. INTRODUCTION April 15, 2015 3 A process of supplying water to land by artificial means for the purpose of cultivation. It is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and re vegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas and during periods of inadequate rainfall. The factors which necessitate irrigation are Inadequate rainfall Uneven distribution of rainfall Growing a number of crops during a year Growing superior crops
- 4. INTRODUCTION April 15, 2015 4 Drip irrigation also known as trickle irrigation or micro irrigation is one of the sub-surface irrigation method of applying water or frequent application of water to crops through small emitters in the vicinity of the root zone wetting a limited amount of surface area and depth of soil. A major difference between drip system and most other systems is that the balance between crop evapotranspiration and applied water is maintained over limited periods of 24 to 72 hours.
- 5. HISTORY OF DRIP IRRIGATION April 15, 2015 5 The use of drip irrigation can be traced back to the ancient custom in certain parts of India of irrigating a tulsi plant kept in the courtyard. The use of drippers in sub-surface irrigation network was first experimented with in Germany in 1869. The drip system was developed for field crops in Israel in the early 1960s and in Australia and North America in the late 1960s. In India, there has been a tremendous growth in the area under drip irrigation during the last 15 years. At present, around 3.51akh ha area is under drip irrigation with the efforts of the Government of India, while it was only 40 ha in 1960.
- 6. COMPONANTES AND WORKING OPERATION April 15, 2015 6 The main components of a typical drip irrigation system are: • Water Source: Common water sources for drip irrigation are surface water (pond, river, and creek), ground water.
- 7. COMPONANTES AND WORKING OPERATION April 15, 2015 7 • Pumping System: The role of the pumping system is To move water from the water source to the field through the distribution system. Pumping systems may be classified as electric powered systems, gas/diesel powered systems, and gravity systems. • Distribution System: The role of the distribution system is to convey the water from the source to the field. Distribution systems may be above ground (easily movable) or underground (less likely to be damaged). • Drip Tape: The drip-irrigation system delivers water to each plant through a thin polyethylene tape with regularly spaced small holes (called emitters).
- 8. COMPONANTES AND WORKING OPERATION April 15, 2015 8 • Injectors: Injectors allow the introduction of fertilizer, chemicals and maintenance products into the irrigation system. • Filtration System: Different types of filters are used based on the type of particles in the water such as Media filters and Screen filters.
- 9. DESIGN AND LAYOUT April 15, 2015 9 Design considerations Start with what is already available, the water source or the field. If a water source is already available (pond or well), the amount of water available may be used to calculate the maximum size of each irrigation zone. If no water source is available, the amount of water needed by the crop, based on the size of the planted area, may be used to calculate the type of well or pond size needed. Lay out of beds and rows
- 10. SYSTEM CONTROL AND SYSTEM MAINTENANCE April 15, 2015 10 Water sampling Watch for leaks Chlorine clears clogged emitters Chemigation: Manage irrigation and fertilization together to optimize efficiency Time and Rate: The total irrigation water requirements for crops grown with a drip system is greatly reduced compared to a surface flood system because water can be applied much more efficiently with drip irrigation Standard maintenance: Add chlorine or other chemicals to the drip line periodically to kill bacteria and algae. Acid might also be needed to dissolve calcium carbonates.
- 11. APPLICATION OF DRIP IRRIGATION April 15, 2015 11 For cultivation in roof gardens • Drip irrigation is used by farms, commercial greenhouses and residential gardens
- 12. APPLICATION OF DRIP IRRIGATION April 15, 2015 12 In shopping malls and embankments In steep slopes
- 13. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTEGES April 15, 2015 13 Advantages Reduced water use Joint management of irrigation and Fertilization Simplicity Automation Production advantages Disadvantages It is requires an economic Investment High maintenance and high-quality water Water-application pattern must match planting pattern Safety Leak repair
- 14. CONCLUSION April 15, 2015 14 Drip irrigation is a latest sub-surface methods of irrigating water with higher water demands in arid region. It may not be applicable to all farms. Yet, when properly designed, installed and managed, drip irrigation may help achieve water conservation by reducing evaporation and deep drainage when compared to other types of irrigation such as flood or overhead sprinklers since water can be more precisely applied to the plant roots. In addition, drip can eliminate many diseases that are spread through water contact with the foliage. It also results reduced energy costs.
- 15. REFRENCES April 15, 2015 15 Eric Simonne, Robert Hochmuth, Jacque Breman, William Lamont, Danielle Treadwell and Aparna Gazula ( June 2008), Drip Irrigation System for Small Conventional Vegetable Farms and Organic Vegetable Farms, Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Co-operative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, HS 1144. Shock. C.C (August 2006, June 2001), Drip Irrigation: An Introduction, Malheur Experiment Station, Oregon State University, EM 8782 Modi. P.N (2008), Irrigation Water Resources and Water Power Engineering, Standard Book House, Rajsons Publications Pvt. Ltd, 1705-A, Nai Sarak, New Delhi-110 006 R. Goyal, Megh (2012). Management of drip/trickle or micro irrigation. Oakville, CA: Apple Academic Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-1926895123 Bainbridge, David A (June 2001). "Buried clay pot irrigation: a little known but very efficient traditional method of irrigation". Agricultural Water Management 48 (2): 79–88. doi:10.1016/S0378-3774(00)00119-0. Retrieved 23 October 2013.