Dr. Dean Boyd - Improving Finish Pig Viability By Using Xylanase
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The document presents research on the use of the feed enzyme xylanase to improve the viability of finishing pigs, demonstrating that xylanase enhances growth and lowers mortality rates in pigs from 25 to 300 pounds. The study highlights a dose-dependent effect of xylanase on pig viability, likely due to a shift in gut microbiome balance that favors beneficial bacteria, which in turn improves carcass yield and feed conversion ratios. Results indicate a potential financial benefit by improving pig viability and overall production efficiency, warranting further exploration in commercial settings.
Dr. Dean Boyd - Improving Finish Pig Viability By Using Xylanase
- 1. Slide 1 Improving Finish Pig Viability by Using the Feed Enzyme Xylanase R. Dean Boyd, PhD1 and Cate Rush, MSci. The Hanor Company 1Adjunct Professor of Animal Nutrition North Carolina State and Iowa State Universities Leman Swine Conference, 2015 Feed Enzymes to Enhance Growth and Viability
- 2. Slide 2 Presentation Framework: Most Important Benefit of Dietary Xylanase is Improving Viability in Growing Pigs. Financial Value of Improved Viability First DEMO that Xylanase Improves Finish Viability and it was Dose-related Viability Response under High and Low Immune Response Possible Mechanism – Shift in Microbiome Balance ?
- 3. Viability is a Powerful KPI in Pig Production – Probing for Profit Opportunity: 2015 How much change in Key Performance variables is required to – Improve Net Income by $1.50 per 282 lb base pig given 2015 Projections. NO. Pigs is a Powerful driver (Fr. McCulley Financial Model) 0.71 Carcass Price, $/Cwt (most powerful single factor) Revenue 1.00 Pigs/Mated Sow/Year Weaned Production 0.78 W-F Mortality and Off-Grade Pigs, % Production 11.8 Live Weight Increase over 282 Projection, lbs Production 0.049 W-F FCR Improvement, 2015 Feed Cost ($225/ton) Cost 0.034 W-F FCR Improvement, 2013 Feed Cost ($325/ton) Cost 4.08 W-F Feed Cost, $/ton Cost
- 4. First DEMO that Xylanase Improved Viability N = 1116 Feeder - Finish Pigs, HI health from 25-280 lbs Diets contained Corn Germ, DDGS, HF-Rice Bran (NDF, 16.3%) Research Memo 2012-18 by Remus, Hall, Rush and Boyd 2013 SEM 1.08, Quadratic P=0.034 0.0% 1.0% 2.0% 3.0% 4.0% 5.0% 6.0% 7.0% 0 4000 8000 12000 Mortality, %
- 5. Basis for the Apparent Adverse Effect of a Xylanse Dose on Pig Viability ? The Quadratic nature of Viability response to Xylanase dose is possibly due to excessive Xylose production, which, in excess, can compromise the Gut and Enteric Health. For example, provision of Xylanase to the Immediately Weaned Pig causes negative effects on stool integrity and health. We believe that Xylanase may have to be dosed in gradually. In Practice, we initiate diet Xylanase after at 25 lbs and at 70% of the Finish Pig dose.
- 6. Dose Response Assay of Dietary Xylanase on Pig Viability in a Commercial Environment – 25 to 300 lbs Cate Rush, Megan Angell, Amanda Elsbernd, Tim Fakler, Janet Remus and R. Dean Boyd Basis The Feed Enzyme, Xylanase, has been observed to improve Viability in Commercial Poultry studies (p.c. Remus), and this is consistent with two of our studies. Objective Calibrate the dose-related response to Porzyme Xylanase for Viability and Growth of Pigs raised in a Commercial environment and in the 25-300 lb phase. Hanor Research Memo 2014-12
- 7. Experimental Method Animals 2124 Pigs placed in a Commercial Research Facility. Barn has 2 Rooms with 36 Pens each. PIC Genetics Gender balanced but Penned separately 64 Pens in total with 33 Pigs placed/Pen (32-35 pigs) o 4 Pens per room set apart as MED pens for respective Diets EU = Pen Initial weight, 25.7 + 0.4 lbs Final weight, 304 + 1.2 lbs Pens allocated within WT block and gender to Diet TRT 16 Pens per Xylanase dose for ca. 530 Pigs each
- 8. Experimental Method Diets – Porzyme Xylanase Diets Formulated to be Nutrient Adequate (PIC 2011) 6 Diet Phases: Nurse 4, Finish 1-5 2 Diets Manufactured per phase (0, 9000 U/kg) 2 Diets Summit blended to form 0, 3000, 6000, 9000 U/kg Pigs Removed to Medical Pens on respective Diets Pigs Harvested at Triumph Food at Avg 304 lbs WT Key Measures – WB ADG, FCR Carcass Yield, Carcass ADG and FCR Mortality, Medical Treatment, Off-grade Market Pigs
- 9. Ingredient Composition: Selected Diets Ingredient, % as fed Nursery 4 Finish 1 Finish 3 Finish 5 Corn, 8.5% CP 650 u 953 958 1165 1283 Soybean meal 47.5% 548 464 266 155 Corn DDGS 300 300 300 300 Wheat MIDDS 100 200 200 200 Fat CWG 20 20 20 20 Limestone 24.7 25 24.1 23.7 Monocalcium Phos 21% 11.4 3 0 0 Salt 8 8 8 8 VTM Premix 2 2 2 2 Porzyme Premix +1 +1 +1 +1 Amino Acids + Other (FTU) 31.9 19.0 14.9 8.3 Total 2000.0 2000.0 2000.0 2000.0
- 10. Improved Viability with Porzyme Xylanase is Dose- Related – LO Immune Stress (25 to 300 lbs) SEM, 0.98 Linear, P = 0.175 Rush, Remus and Boyd, 2014 (Res Memo 2014-12) Y=3.942-0.000202x, P=0.168
- 11. Improved Viability with Porzyme Xylanase is Dose- Related – LO Immune Stress (25 to 300 lbs) SEM, 0.98 Linear, P = 0.175 Rush, Remus and Boyd, 2014 (Res. Memo 2014-12) Y=98.828-0.000202x, P=0.168
- 12. Xylanase Dose, U/kg Diet Statistics Criterion 0 3000 6000 9000 SEM Linear Quad No. Pigs 520 528 545 531 - - - No. Pens 16 16 16 16 - - - Start WT, lbs 25.8 25.9 25.7 25.6 0.4 0.636 0.847 Final WT, lbs 305.5 301.2 303.7 305.5 1.2 0.686 0.014 DOF, d 148.8 150.8 151.4 149.9 0.8 0.261 0.027 WB ADG, lbs/d * 1.87 1.82 1.82 1.86 0.01 0.616 0.001 WB FCR 2.61 2.62 2.60 2.58 0.02 0.160 0.443 Farm Carcass Yield, % 73.90 74.01 74.13 74.26 0.002 0.160 0.951 Carc ADG, lbs/d 1.39 1.36 1.37 1.39 0.01 0.825 0.001 Carc FCR 3.51 3.49 3.44 3.45 0.02 0.015 0.567 Growth Response to Increasing Porzyme Xylanase Dose in Pigs under LO Immune Stress (25 to 300 lbs) Research Memo 2014-12
- 13. Xylanase Dose, U/kg Diet Statistics Criterion 0 3000 6000 9000 SEM Linear Quad No. Pigs 520 528 545 531 - - - No. Pens 16 16 16 16 - - - WB WT, lb/p 305.5 301.2 303.7 305.5 1.2 0.686 0.014 Calculated MKT Pigs/1000 960 965 978 976 - - - WB Pen Gain, lb 8599 8663 9109 8984 34.9 Carc Pen Gain lb 6355 6411 6753 6672 25.8 Total Pen Gain in Response to Increasing Porzyme Xylanase Dose in Pigs (25 to 300 lbs) Research Memo 2014-12 TOTAL Pen Gain is a better descriptor than ADG IF Viability is a Treatment Effect
- 14. Financial Evaluation of Dose ROF per Pig based on Improved Viability (Total Lbs Retained) and Improved Individual Carcass FCR. Assumed: $90/CCwt, Trial Performance and $0.40 per ton for each 3000 U Xylanase. Porzyme, U/kg Diet Feed, $/ton 0 3000 6000 9000 250 - -0.75 2.03 2.76 350 - -0.30 1.89 2.41
- 15. 3.4% 2.3% 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 Control Hostazyme Xylanase Mortality,% Dietary Treatment Pig Mortality in a Parallel Study 2629 Pigs (25-300 lbs) P = 0.188 1500 EPU/kg complete diet Hanor Exp. 2014-12 b
- 16. Are There Other Examples of Xylanase ? In Fact, there were but the UK Researchers only summarized ADG and FCR Data until prompted by our Observation. 4-Trials Existed: Courtesy of Dr. Pete Wilcock but before that . . . 4453 Total Pigs under Commercial Conditions (side x side trials) AVG Initial Lbs 31 kg (68 lbs) AVG Final Lbs 115 kg (253 lbs) Control = 7.2% vs Competitor Xylanase = 4.8%
- 17. 3.2 1.9 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Trial 1 Mortality% 40 kg to 105 kg Control competitor X 3.9 2.6 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Trial 2Mortality% 48 kg to 115 kg Control Competitor X Trials 1, 2: Total of 1552 pigs and 1547 pigs respectively. Farm Trial under typical commercial conditions, wheat based diets, UK Competitor Xylanase: Response under High Health Conditions
- 18. Trial 1: Total of 384 pigs under Research Conditions (C-S base; USA) Trial 2: Total of 970 pigs under Commercial Conditions (Wheat base; UK) Competitor Xylanase: Response under LO Health Conditions 10.94 5.73 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Trial 3 Mortality% 8 kg to 130 kg Control Competitor X 10.68 8.92 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Trial 4 Mortality+Morbidity% 28 kg to 108 kg Control Competitor X
- 19. A Possible Mechanism by Which Xylanase Improves Finish Pig Viability Xylanases breakdown cell wall NSP esp. Arabino-Xylans to smallers Xylo Oligomers. The latter are Prebiotic Oligosaccharides which as fermented support the growth of beneficial gut microflora which suppress growth of pathogenic bacteria. This shift in Microbiome Balance is due to a change in substrate type, which favors beneficial bacteria. Pathogens tend to use Protein based substrates. Butyric acid is also produced which is important to epithelial cell growth. The beneficial Microbiome supports good Intestinal barrier function and reduces the local response to Immune challenge against pathogenic bacteria. One could envision less gut immune tissue, resulting in a higher Carcass Yield; hence improved Carcass FCR.
- 20. Conclusions Most Important and Most Repeatable benefit of Xylanase is Viability Viability wqs Improved by 30-40% under both LO and Moderate Immune Stress Improved Viability Observed with a variety of Diet Types including C-S and with 3 Commercial Xylanases (DuPont, AB-Vista and HuvePharma) Nutrient Uplift is Observed but is Not as Impressive or Repeatable.
- 22. Diet Ingredients are Known to Promote and Harm Viability, esp. in Young Pigs Ingredients that Minimize Diet Induced Disease Stress in Young Pigs– Steamed Oats High Quality Fish Meal Animal Plasma SBM Ameliorates adverse response to Respiratory Disease in G-F Pigs. Our Understanding of Ways in which Ingredient Incompatibility is Expanding and Includes – Epithelial Cell – Cell disruption Microbiome Balance Substrate Balance to Favor Beneficial Microbes ?
- 23. Dose Response Assay of Dietary Hostazyme Xylanase on Pig Viability in a Commercial Environment – 25 to 300 lbs Cate Rush, Megan Angell, Tim Fakler, Rafael Cabrera and R. Dean Boyd Pigs raised in a Commercial environment and under LO Immune stress. Hanor Protocol 2014-12
- 24. Experimental Method Animals 2629 Pigs placed in a Commercial Barn that was retrofitted for Research. The Barn had 2 Rooms PIC Genetics Gender balanced but Genders Penned separately 33 Pens per Room with 34 Pigs placed/Pen EU = Pen Initial weight, 25 lbs Final weight, 300 lbs 33 Pens per Xylanase dose for approx. 1300 Pigs each Pens allocated within weight block and gender to Diet TRT
- 25. Most Important Benefit of Feed Enzyme Xylanase is Improved Viability Road Map: Verbal – First Suggestion in 2008 Nutrient Uplift Experiment Viability is a Powerful KPI (a,b) First Illustration that Pig Viability could be altered by Feed Enzyme Xylanase; and it was Dose-related Best Demonstration to date of Xylanase effect on Viability, Growth Borrowed Illustrations: LO Health Borrowed Illustrations: HI Health Possible Mechanism: Could it be a favorable shift in Microbiome Insert Poultry Microbiome Finding Financial Value under LO Profit and NO Profit Scenario: a) Varied Feed Price b) Varied Pig Price Nutrient Uplift – Possible but hard to demonstrate in Finish Pig Acknowledgments
Editor's Notes
- #10: Paper is as much about the method of growth confirmation (of previously calibrated individual ingredients) of our NE in total. SBM was incrementally reduced in exchange for Corn + Amino ac. Since SBM was being replaced with Corn (higher NE) then Fat was incrementally reduced to maintain diets Isocaloric. FCE is the KEY measure because we want to confine our study to Diet Protein – Energy density to the logical outcome: Body Protein – Energy density. ADG can be misleading because it more affected (than FCE) by factors that affect Intake such as health, Diet NDF.
- #11: Two diets were manufactured (high, low sbm content) and then summit blended to create the other 2 diets. Ingredient variation was confined to SBM, Fat, Corn and Amino acids. In Calibration assays, only Corn, the Test Ingredient and Amino acids are changed. Other ingredients are held constant with no attempt to make the diets Isocaloric because . . . the NE value is the unknown.
- #12: Excludes DOA’s as Paylean was fed. DOA dose P-Value=.612, Lin/Quad NS. Room, genetics, sex and xyl dose included in the modeling. Equation derived from glm/solution, means derived from Mixed model.
- #16: Beyond this Conclusion – Remember the Global Picture in using NE: (1) NE is better than ME because HI is accounted for; (2) Even then NE estimate may not be good enough (Schinckel et al. 2010), which still costs money; (3) Derive NE estimates from a credible source (e.g. NRC 2012 equations are reasonable) but these are only estimates and they must be calibrated by (4) Growth assay; these must be confirmed in longer-term assays, which for Finish pigs allows Carcass FCE to be determined.
- #23: Beyond this Conclusion – Remember the Global Picture in using NE: (1) NE is better than ME because HI is accounted for; (2) Even then NE estimate may not be good enough (Schinckel et al. 2010), which still costs money; (3) Derive NE estimates from a credible source (e.g. NRC 2012 equations are reasonable) but these are only estimates and they must be calibrated by (4) Growth assay; these must be confirmed in longer-term assays, which for Finish pigs allows Carcass FCE to be determined.