Dr.pptx1

Dr. Radhakrishnan Institute of
Technology Jaipur
Department of Electrical
Engineering
R
• SUBJECT-POWER SYSTEM PLANNING (B.Tech VI
sem.)
T
• BY:-MITHILESH KUMAR
U
• ASSISTANT PROFESSOR
• EE DEPARTMENT

Dr. Radhakrishnan Institute of Technology Jaipur
Need of power system planning
 Before start of new plant, you have to estimate needs of localities/ load
required to be serviced by the plant.
 Select a proper site, layout and locations of controls and switchgear etc.
 You have to see if the plant needs to be integrated into an overall grid
system.
 You need to plan for expansion of plant in future if need arises, and a
provision can be made.
 Transmission and distribution lines and paraphernalia also has to be
planned in advance. This can involve transformers, line layout, and many
other factors
 So in short, unless there is proper planning, no effective and economic
system can sustain.

Objective of power system planning
 The total generation at any moment must be kept equal to total electricity consumption
and losses on the system including transmission and distribution.It must be generated
and delivered at the precise moment it is needed
 To reach consumer ,electricity must travel from the power plant through kilometer of
transmission and distribution lines until its final destination where it will be used.
 It is economical to transmit power at higher voltage.
 Electricity travel at nearly the speed of light, arriving at a destination at almost the same
moment it is produced
 The system must be designed with reserve capacity in generation and transmission to
allow uninterrupted service when contingencies occur.
 Power flows over multiple paths between supply and use according to least impedance,
and not according to the shortest path or the path with the most unused capacity. The
impedance of a transmission line depends on the line’s length and design details for the
line.
 Community power and self-power generation development is the key to meet power
shortage and rather to make power surplus.
 The electricity planning relies on static power flow. However ,due to necessity of
storage ,an integrating renewable, dynamic approach may be required for distribution
planning and new tools must evolve.

PLANNING PROCESS
 Basically, planning is taking a decision carefully.
 The main input to planning is quality of systematic thought that goes into a
decision.
 The systematic thought is normally aided by brainstorming session or by
appointing a working group
 The central electricity Authority, entrusted with preparing national power
plans,adopts the letter approach.
 The planning save project time and assures that resources are used most
economically.
 The planning can be seen as consisting of three cyclical components.
1.Learning about the environment,the relevant issue and possible future scenarios in
order to identify.
a) Strategic goals
b) decision criteria and constraints
c) Technology needs and opportunities

Planning process
2. Thinking about available strategic options,the associated costs and risks,and
their implications. This involves
a) Investment resources
b) possible unforeseen factors
c) Reliability of outcome
3. Action that involves choosing preferred plans or strattegies on the basis of
supporting analysis

Planning components

National and Regional planning
 All issues relating to planning and development of Transmission System in the
country are dealt in the Power System Wing of CEA.
 This includes evolving long term and short term transmission plans. The network
expansion plans are optimized base on network simulation studies and techno
economic analysis.
 This also involves formulation of specific schemes, evolving a phased
implementation plan in consultation with the Central and State transmission utilities
and assistance in the process of investment approval for the Central sector schemes,
issues pertaining to development of National Power Grid in the country and issues
relating to trans-country power transfer.
 Transmission planning studies are being conducted to identify evacuation system
from generation projects and to strengthen the transmission system in various
regions.
 The studies for long-term perspective plans are also being carried out on All India
basis for establishing inter regional connectivity aimed towards formation of the
National Power System.
 The National Power System is being evolved to facilitate free flow of power across
regional boundaries, to meet the short fall of deficit regions from a surplus region as
well as for evacuation of power from project(s) located in one region to the
beneficiaries located in other region(s).

Structure of Power System

Planning Tools
 Planning engineer‘s primary requirement is to give power supply to
consumers in a reliable manner at a minimum cost with due flexibility for
future expansion.
 The criteria and constraints in planning an energy system are reliability,
environmental economics, electricity pricing, financial constraints, society
impacts.
 reliability, environmental, economic and financial constraints can be
quantified. Social effects are evaluated qualitatively.
 The system must be optimal over a period of time from day of operation to
the lifetime.
 Various computer programs are available and are used for fast screening of
alternative plans with respect to technical, environmental and economic
constraints.

Planning Tools
The available tools for power system planning can be split into:
 Simulation tools: these simulate the behavior of the system under certain
conditions and calculate relevant indices. Examples are load flow models,
short circuit models, stability models, etc.
 Optimization tools: these minimize or maximize an objective function by
choosing adequate values for decision variables. Examples are optimum
power, least cost expansion planning, generation expansion planning, etc.
 Scenario tools: this is a method of viewing the future in a quantitative
fashion. All possible outcomes are investigated. The sort of decision or
assumptions which might be made by a utility developing such a scenario
might be: should we computerize automate the management of power
system after certain date.

Electricity Regulation
Electricity regulation provide for the establishment of a Central Electricity
Regulatory Commission and state Electricity Regulatory Commissions,
rationalization of electricity tariff, transparent policies regarding subsidies,
promotion of efficient and environmentally benign policies and matters
connected therewith or incidental thereto.
 The Electricity Act 2003:-This Act has introduced major policy shift and
has far-reaching implication for the power generation,transmission,and
distribution scenario
 The salient features of the Act are the following:
a) The central government to prepare a national electricity policy in
consultation with state government.
b) Trust to complete the rural electrification and provide for management of
rural distribution by panchayats,cooperative societies, non-government,
franchisees,etc.
c) Provision for license free generation and distribution in rural areas.

d) Transmission utility at the central as well as state level, to be a government
company with responsibility for planned and coordinated development of
transmission network.
e) Provision for private licensees in transmission and entry in distribution
through an independent network
f) Open access in transmission from the outset.
g) Distribution licensees would be free undertake generation and generating
companies would be free to take distribution businesses.
h) Provision for payment of subsidy through budget.
i) Metering of all electricity supplied made mandatory.
j) Provision safeguarding consumers interests.
k) Provision relating to theft of electricity made from stringent.

 The salient features of the -said Ordinance are as follows: -
 (a) It provides for the establishment of a Central Electricity Regulatory
Commission at the Central level and State Electricity Commissions at the State
levels.
 (b) The main functions of CERC are: - (i) To regulate the tariff of generating
companies owned or controlled by the Central Government;
 (ii) To regulate inter-State transmission including tariff of the transmission
utilities;
 (iii) To regulate inter-State sale of power;
 (iv) To aid and advise the Central Government in the formulation of tariff
policy.
 (c) The main functions of the SERC, to start with, shall be: -
 (i) To determine the tariff for electricity, wholesale, bulk, grid and retail;
 (ii) To determine the tariff payable for use of the transmission facilities; (iii) To
regulate power purchase the procurement process of the transmission utilities;
and
 (iv) Subsequently, as and when each State Government notifies, other
regulatory functions could also be assigned to SERCS. (d) It also aims at
improving the financial health of the

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