During Reading Strategies ppt
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The document provides strategies to use while reading (DURING READING STRATEGIES) to improve comprehension. The five strategies are: Clarify, Revise Predictions, Ask and Answer Questions, Mental Imagery, and Paraphrase. These strategies can be remembered using the acronym CRAMP and done in any order. Each strategy is then defined in more detail with examples to illustrate how to implement the strategies while reading.
During Reading Strategies ppt
- 1. DURING READING STRATEGIES Question: What should I do while I read (or during reading)? Answer: There are five components of the DURING READING STRATEGIES routine. These strategies are Clarify, Revise Predictions, Ask and Answer Questions, Mental Imagery, and Paraphrase.
- 2. Question: How can I remember these strategies? Answer:There is an acronym used to remember the strategies: CRAMP C- larify R- evise predictions A- sk and answer questions M-ental imagery P- araphrase
- 3. Question: Should I do the steps in the same order as CRAMP? Answer: The order for DURING READING strategies does not matter. They can be performed in any order- It is just important that you DO the DURING READING strategies as you read to assist you with understanding the text.
- 4. STRATEGY 1: CLARIFY When you clarify during reading, you stop and figure out things you do not understand. You may not understand a word pronunciation or word meaning. You may not understand the meaning of a sentence or paragraph. You may have a question about the story, such as "Why would a character do that?" OR "What does that mean for the story?" Clarifying will help you pause and figure out what to do in these situations. Using VIP Notes (with post-its) can help you clarify during reading and identify important events or information. “Fix-up” strategies can also help you clarify during reading.
- 5. FIX-UP STRATEGIES When comprehension is not taking place as you read, you need to use one or more fix- up strategies. You need to know why you do not understand what is being read, and you need to know how to fix it! 1. Ignore small problems and move on. 2. Adjust your rate of reading…Perhaps you are reading too slowly or too quickly. 3. Delay judgment until a later time. 4. Hypothesize about a word, sentence, or paragraph meaning. 5. Reread the current sentence or the previous context. 6. Seek an _____________________ source of clarification.
- 6. "VIP" Strategy ("Very Important Points") This is a strategy to be done DURING READING- It will help you clarify confusing information or words- It will also help you identify important information. You will mark specific places in the text with post-it notes while you read. You may mark places that have a vocabulary word you don't know the meaning of, places that have information you don't understand or have a question about, or places that include very important events or information. See the information on the next slides for how to label each post-it note.
- 7. DIRECTIONS: 1. First, you will need post-it notes for this during reading activity. 2. While you are reading, you must mark VIP notes within the specified assignment. For example, if you are doing an independent reading assignment, you will be asked to mark a certain number VIP notes for that day. Sometimes it will be 3, sometimes it will be 5 or more. You must mark at least one of each of the following within your VIP notes: At least one vocabulary word you do not know the meaning of At least one question you have or something you don't understand At least one thing that is "a very important point" to the story If I ask you to mark more than 3, you can do any combination of vocabulary words, questions, or important points (as long as you have at least one of each).
- 8. Here is exactly how you should label each post-it note: •Use the symbols below. •Also, write the actual vocabulary word, question you have, or very important point directly ON the post-it note! Vocabulary WordV Vocabulary Word ? I have a question or I am confused about what I’ve read. Very Important Point!
- 9. STRATEGY 2: REVISE PREDICTIONS Making predictions before you read any text, as well as making new predictions and revising previous ones, helps you understand the text better. You can use clues from the story to help you make an educated guess as to what might happen as you continue reading. During reading, you may find out that your predictions are correct or incorrect. Keeping a clear focus of your original prediction in your mind and revising your predictions as you read helps you monitor your comprehension and understanding as you read. Make a conscious decision to make, check, and revise predictions throughout the reading process.
- 10. STRATEGY 3: ASK and ANSWER QUESTIONS Asking and answering questions throughout a story is another way to monitor your comprehension and get as much from the text as you can. You can ask questions to understand the story better and clear up confusion as you read (for clarification purposes). You can ask questions to aid in comprehension, such as "Why would the character do that?" Then you can find the answers to your questions as you read. There are also questions that are asked in a specific fashion or for a specific purpose (as with the QAR method). If you know what type of question it is, you can figure out the answer much more easily, which helps you comprehend the text better and be more knowledgeable. See the QAR note sheet (on the next page) for specific information about the QAR method.
- 11. QAR METHOD You will use the QAR method with the during reading strategy of Ask and Answer Questions. “QAR” stands for “Question-Answer Relationship.” This method will help you realize that the answer you seek is related to the type of question that is asked…that there is a definite relationship between questions and answers. There are two categories of QARs: “In the Book” and “In my Head.” There are two types of questions in each category---four types total:
- 12. QAR “In the Book” •RIGHT THERE- A “Right There” question has the answer right there in the text. Often the answer will be in a single sentence or place in the text, and the words used to create the question will often be in the same place. EXAMPLE: The Steelers won Super Bowl XLIII on February 1, 2009. Q: On what date did the Steelers win Super Bowl XLIII? •THINK & SEARCH- A “Think and Search” question has an answer that is in the text, but you might have to look in several different sentences to find it. It is broken up or scattered throughout the text and requires multiple ideas across paragraphs or pages. EXAMPLE: In the book Holes, name two ways that Stanley changed throughout the story.
- 13. QAR “In My Head” •AUTHOR & ME- With an “Author and Me” question, the answer is not directly in the text, but you still need information the author has given you, combined with what you already know, in order to respond to this type of question. EXAMPLE: If you were Stanley, tell how you might feel when riding the bus to Camp Green Lake. •ON MY OWN- With an “On My Own” question, the question relates to the story in some way, but the answer is not in the text at all. You don't really even need to have read the text to answer it. “On My Own” questions are typically opinion questions or questions that rely totally on your personal knowledge and experiences. EXAMPLE: Tell about a time in your life when you were blamed for something you didn’t do.
- 14. Mental Imagery is getting an actual picture in your head as you read. This strategy is proven to help people comprehend a text better. It can put you "inside a story" and help you "see" what is going on. With mental imagery, you can also explain in writing what you "see" in a text. Even if you do not always draw what you see on a piece of paper, just being aware that you can "see" the story as you read it is a helpful comprehension strategy. Passage 1: Passage 2:
- 15. STRATEGY 5: PARAPHRASE The word paraphrase in Webster's Dictionary means "a rewording of the meaning of something spoken or written." When you paraphrase something in a text, you tell what the text said in your own words. Paraphrasing may be similar to summarizing, but it is NOT the same thing- with summarizing you only tell the main ideas/important information. Paraphrasing is more detailed than summarizing, and often lengthier- you must put the entire text into your own words, NOT just the important points. Example: Original text- “He was flabbergasted!” Paraphrase- “The man was shocked and surprised!” You should learn to paraphrase for two main reasons: 1.) So that you are able to understand a text better (because when you can put a text into your own words, you know you understand it.) 2.) So that you don’t plagiarize a text.