Earomics part 2
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The document discusses various bioimpedance and electrodermal activity (EDA) technologies, detailing how they measure body composition, hydration, and nutritional status. It explains how glavanic skin response (GSR) and EDA relate to physiological and psychological arousal, while also reviewing innovative devices such as glucometers and sensors for monitoring glucose levels. Additionally, it highlights the importance of body cell mass, extracellular mass, and water distribution in assessing an individual's health.
Earomics part 2
- 3. Bioimpedance‐BIA• Early detection of malnutrition the measured Phase angle, the body cell mass (BCM) and the ratio between body cell mass and extracellular mass (ECM) as well as the nutrition index (R/Xc ) , extra and intracellular water (ECW,ICW) , total body water (TBW) Lean body mass (FFM) , Resting energy expenditure (REE)are the most meaningful body composition parameters Prof.Dr.O.Ferrer‐Roca, 2015 Body composition‐Hydration‐Nutritional status Resistance (R), Reactance (Xc), Phase angle (φ)
- 4. Prof.Dr.O.Ferrer‐Roca, 2015 Resistance Is the real part of impedance; a device with a purely resistive impedance exhibits no phase shift between the voltage and current. Reactance Is the imaginary part of the impedance; a component with a finite reactance induces a phase shift between the voltage across it and the current through it. A purely reactive component is distinguished by the sinusoidal voltage across the component being in quadrature with the sinusoidal current through the component. This implies that the component alternately absorbs energy from the circuit and then returns energy to the circuit. A pure reactance will not dissipate any power. Capacitive reactance o Capacitance Has a purely reactive impedance which is inversely proportional to the signal frequency. A capacitor consists of two conductors separated by an insulator, also known as a dielectric.
- 5. Bioimpedance‐ BIA • LEAN BODY MASS (FFM) 1. Cell mass (BCM), is the most active metabolic compartment of the body and one of the most important keys to determine a subjects nutritional status measured in the NUTRITIONAL INDEX (R/ Xc). 2. Extracellular mass (ECM), another component of lean mass, contains all the metabolically inactive parts of the body including extracellular water (ECW). • TOTAL BODY WATER (TBW) composed by intra and extracellular water. 1. These two fluid compartments are tightly regulated. It has been shown that cellular hydration (ICW) is an important regulator for protein catabolism. 2. An increase in extracellular water (ECW) may indicate disturbance in the cellular membrane and is a typical sign of malnutrition, even if weight stays the same and body fat is within a normal range. Prof.Dr.O.Ferrer‐Roca, 2015
- 6. EDA = Electrodermal activity • Property of the human body that causes continuous variation in the electrical characteristics of the skin . • Known as skin conductance, galvanic skin response (GSR), electrodermal response (EDR), psychogalvanic reflex (PGR), skin conductance response (SCR), and skin conductance level (SCL). • Skin resistance varies with the state of sweat glands in the skin. Sweating is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, and skin conductance is an indication of psychological or physiological arousal. Prof.Dr.O.Ferrer‐Roca, 2015 If the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is highly aroused, then sweat gland activity also increases, which in turn increases skin conductance.
- 7. Tonic changes: 1‐30 microsiemens Phasic changes: .05 ‐ 5 microsiemens Prof.Dr.O.Ferrer‐Roca, 2015
- 8. Systems that influence the EDA • Locomotor system: * controlling brain structures = frontal lobe motor processing areas and motor areas in the brain stem (medulla & pons) * function = an anticipatory increase in EDA that allows for a response to potentially dangerous stimuli that requires a motor response • Orienting‐arousal system: * controlling brain structures = prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe, hippocampus, amygdala, RAS * function = part of the orienting response produced by the limbic system that is seen in response to dangerous or novel stimuli • Thermoregulatory system: * controlling brain structures = hypothalamus * function = not so related to cognitive functions, a response by this system is generated either in order to maintain normal homeostasis or in response to physical trauma Prof.Dr.O.Ferrer‐Roca, 2015
- 14. Extended to Glucosae NIR glucometer by Arduino InGaAs photodiode, 8 LEDs(2 x Green, 2 x NIR @ 1550nm, 1 IR @ 960nm, 1 Red) an Atmega328p, and the circuits required to run those. Also it contains a small LiPo in order to be able to test, or take training data. Two separate circuit boards and the ADC is channeled through an MCP3421 and then i2c goes across a connector at the bottom which also supplies the regulated 3.3V Prof.Dr.O.Ferrer‐Roca, 2015
- 16. NIR glucometer – Open source • green LED, a red LED, IR LED, and a 1550nm NIR LED. The green is used to determine how much skin is in the way, the Red and IR are used to determine the volume of blood being measured, and with the volume of blood you can use the 1550nm NIR LED to determine the amount of glucose. Prof.Dr.O.Ferrer‐Roca, 2015 NIR gluc – GlucoNIR™‐VivaScan ™ ‐ LighTouch Medical ™
- 19. GlucoWise • unique sensor and a nano‐film • passing low‐power radio waves through the body • Electromagnetic waves at specific frequencies can be used to detect blood glucose • The metamaterial technology was initially developed to enable a novel diagnostic imaging technique, using safe radio waves instead of ionizing x‐rays. • Metamaterials make it possible to bend light around an object making it seem that it’s not there, so these seemingly preposterous sci‐fi scenarios are in fact within the realms of probability Prof.Dr.O.Ferrer‐Roca, 2015
- 20. C8 Medisensors • Raman spectra, a unique Raman “fingerprint” • belt around the waist. Rather than puncturing the skin, the sensor sits close against the skin, and small drop of gel helps to seal any air gaps. The technology behind the HG1‐c is complicated, but in a nutshell: a special camera, called a raman spectrometer Prof.Dr.O.Ferrer‐Roca, 2015
- 24. 4P (preventive‐pervasive‐proactive‐personalized) DIY data HSD (health small data) Prof.Dr.O.Ferrer‐Roca, 2015