Earthquake - Disaster Management
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An earthquake results from the release of stress between tectonic plates underneath the earth's surface. The earth's crust is divided into major and minor tectonic plates that move slowly over time. When the plates shift violently, it causes shaking at the earth's surface known as an earthquake. During an earthquake, it is important to take cover under sturdy furniture and hold on until the shaking stops if indoors. If outside, move away from buildings, trees, power lines, and other hazards. After an earthquake, assess the area for damage and injuries but avoid damaged structures. The government of India has established policies around earthquake preparedness, response, and management to increase disaster resilience.
Earthquake - Disaster Management
- 1. Government Engineering College, Bhavnagar. Civil Engineering Department
- 3. CONTENTS Introduction Frequency and Effects Disaster Management Cycle Do and Don’ts Emergency Kit What to Do After an Earthquake Government Policies
- 4. INTRODUCTION An earthquake is a phenomenon that occurs without warning and involves violent shaking of the ground and everything over it. It results from the release of accumulated stress of the moving lithospheric or crustal plates. The earth's crust is divided into seven major plates, that are about 50 miles thick, which move slowly and continuously over the earth's interior and several minor plates. Earthquakes are tectonic in origin; that is the moving plates are responsible for the occurrence of violent shakes. The occurrence of an earthquake in a populated area may cause
- 5. WORLD MAP VIEW OF TECHTONIC PLATES
- 7. SEISMIC ACTIVITY IN INDIA 180 AD- 2004
- 10. OTHER IMPACTS OF EARTHQUAKESBlockage or breakage of transport activities. Interruption of Water Supply. Breakage of Sewage Disposal Systems. Loss of Public Utilities, e.g. electricity & gas, and communications
- 11. NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY The ‘National Authority’ shall have the responsibility for laying down Policies, Plans and Guidelines for Disaster Management for ensuring Timely and Effective Response to disasters (Both Natural & Man Made). Coordinate the Enforcement and Implementation of the Policy and Plans for Disaster Management. International Assistance and Cooperation. Plan Approve Coord Monitor Ensure Implementation
- 12. VISION “The National Vision is, to build a Safer and Disaster Resilient India, by developing a Holistic, Proactive, Multi-hazard and Technology- Driven Strategy for DM. This will be achieved through a Culture of Prevention, Mitigation and Preparedness to generate, a prompt and efficient Response at the time of Disasters. The entire process will Centre-Stage the Community and will be provided Momentum and Sustenance through Collective efforts of all Government Agencies and Non-Governmental Organisations.
- 13. NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY CHAIRMAN (PRIME MINISTER) VICE CHAIRMAN CABINET COMMITTEE ON SECURITY CABINET COMMITTEE ON MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL CALAMITIES POLICIES, PREVENTION, MITIGATION & PREPAREDNESS MR. K.M. SINGH MEMBER Mr B BHATTACHARJEE MEMBER LT. GEN. JRB MEMBER MR. M.K. MEMBER MR. M. S. REDDY MEMBER MR. NVC MENON MEMBER SECRETARY NDMA CAPACITY BUILDING, COMMUNICATIONS & NEOC WING DISASTER MANAGEMENT WING NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRES NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT Mrs. P.J RAO MEMBER
- 15. DO'S & DON'TS What to Do Before an Earthquake? Repair deep plaster cracks in ceilings and foundations. Get expert advice if there are signs of structural defects. Anchor overhead lighting fixtures to the ceiling. Follow BIS codes relevant to your area for building standards Fasten shelves securely to walls. Place large or heavy objects on lower shelves. Store breakable items such as bottled foods, glass, and china in low, closed cabinets with latches. Hang heavy items such as pictures and mirrors away from beds, settees, and anywhere that people sit. Brace overhead light and fan fixtures.
- 16. DO AND DON’TS Secure water heaters, LPG cylinders etc., by strapping them to the walls or bolting to the floor. Store weed killers, pesticides, and flammable products securely in closed cabinets with latches and on bottom shelves. Identify safe places indoors and outdoors. Under strong dining table, bed Against an inside wall Away from where glass could shatter around windows, mirrors, pictures, or where heavy bookcases or other heavy furniture could fall over In the open, away from buildings, trees, telephone and electrical lines, flyovers and bridges Know emergency telephone numbers (such as those of doctors, hospitals, the police, etc) Educate yourself and family members
- 17. HAVE A DISASTER EMERGENCY KIT READY Battery operated torch with extra batteries Battery operated radio First aid kit and manual Emergency food (dry items) and water (packed and sealed) Candles and matches in a waterproof container Knife Chlorine tablets or powdered water purifiers Can opener. Essential medicines Cash and credit cards Thick ropes and cords Sturdy shoes
- 18. EMERGENCY SUPPLIES THE SURVIVAL KIT
- 19. DEVELOP AN EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION PLAN In case family members are separated from one another during an earthquake (a real possibility during the day when adults are at work and children are at school), develop a plan for reuniting after the disaster. Ask an out-of-state relative or friend to serve as the 'family contact' after the disaster; it is often easier to call long distance. Make sure everyone in the family knows the name, address, and phone number of the contact person.
- 20. HELP YOUR COMMUNITY GET READY Publish a special section in your local newspaper with emergency information on earthquakes. Localize the information by printing the phone numbers of local emergency services offices and hospitals. Conduct week-long series on locating hazards in the home. Work with local emergency services and officials to prepare special reports for people with mobility impairment on what to do during an earthquake. Provide tips on conducting earthquake drills in the home. Interview representatives of the gas, electric, and water companies about shutting off utilities. Work together in your community to apply your knowledge to building codes, retrofitting programmes, hazard hunts, and neighborhood and family emergency plans.
- 21. WHAT TO DO DURING AN EARTHQUAKEIf indoors DROP to the ground; take COVER by getting under a sturdy table or other piece of furniture; and HOLD ON until the shaking stops. If there is no a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch in an inside corner of the building. Protect yourself by staying under the lintel of an inner door, in the corner of a room, under a table or even under a bed. Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls, and anything that could fall, (such as lighting fixtures or furniture). Stay in bed if you are there when the earthquake strikes. Hold on and protect your head with a pillow, unless you are under a heavy light fixture that could fall. In that case, move to the nearest safe place. Use a doorway for shelter only if it is in close proximity to you and if you know it is a strongly supported, load bearing doorway. Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. Research has shown that most injuries occur when people inside buildings attempt to move to a different
- 22. WHAT TO DO DURING AN EARTHQUAKE If outdoors Do not move from where you are. However, move away from buildings, trees, streetlights, and utility wires. If you are in open space, stay there until the shaking stops. The greatest danger exists directly outside buildings; at exits; and alongside exterior walls. Most earthquake-related casualties result from collapsing walls, flying glass, and falling objects. If in a moving vehicle Stop as quickly as safety permits and stay in the vehicle. Avoid stopping near or under buildings, trees, overpasses, and utility wires. Proceed cautiously once the earthquake has stopped. Avoid roads, bridges, or ramps that might have been damaged by the earthquake.
- 23. IF INSIDE IF OUTSIDE
- 24. AVOID THINGS THAT CAN FALL
- 25. FACE AWAY FROM WINDOWS
- 26. WHAT TO DO DURING AN EARTHQUAKE If trapped under debris Do not light a match. Do not move about or kick up dust. Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing. Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can locate you. Use a whistle if one is available. Shout only as a last resort. Shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust.
- 27. WHAT TO DO AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE Keep calm, switch on the radio/TV and obey any instructions you hear on it. Keep away from beaches and low banks of rivers. Huge waves may sweep in. Be prepared to expect aftershocks. Turn off the water, gas and electricity. Do not smoke and do not light matches or use a cigarette lighter. Do not turn on switches. There may be gas leaks or short-circuits. Use a torch. If there is a fire, try to put it out. If you cannot, call the fire brigade.
- 28. WHAT TO DO AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE If people are seriously injured, do not move them unless they are in danger. Immediately clean up any inflammable products that may have spilled (alcohol, paint, etc). If you know that people have been buried, tell the rescue teams. Do not rush and do not worsen the situation of injured persons or your own situation. Avoid places where there are loose electric wires and do not touch any metal object in contact with them. Do not drink water from open containers without having examined it and filtered it through a sieve, a filter or an ordinary clean cloth. If your home is badly damaged, you will have to leave it. Collect water containers, food, and ordinary and special medicines (for persons with heart complaints, diabetes, etc.) Do not re-enter badly damaged buildings and do not go near damaged structures.
- 29. GOVERNMENT POLICIES The Six Pillars for Earthquake Management in India
- 31. BHAVIK SHAH – 130210106049 DIGVIJAY SOLANKI – 130210106055 KARTIK HINGOL – 130210106030 NITIN CHAREL – 130210106011 Thank You For Bearing